. 


: 


CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  THE  GEOLOGY  AND  PALEO* 
OF  THE  WEST  INBIES 


Prepared  under  the  Direction  of 
THOMAS  WAYLAND  VAUGHAN 


UC-NRLF 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE  CARNEGIE  INSTITUTION  OP  WASHINQTI 
WASHINGTON,  1919 


CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  THE  GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY 
OF  THE  WEST  INDIES 


Prepared  under  the  Direction  of 
THOMAS  WAYLAND  VAUGHAN 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE  CAENEGIE  INSTITUTION  OF  WASHINGTON 
WASHINGTON,  1919 


CARNEGIE  INSTITUTION  OF  WASHINGTON 
PUBLICATION  No.  291 


Copies  of  this  BooX 

were  first  issued 

OCT  171919 


PRESS  OF  GIBSON  BROTHERS,  INC. 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

Introduction  by  Thomas  Wayland  Vaughan 5 

Tertiary  Calcareous  Algae  from  the  Islands  of  Saint  Bartholomew,  Antigua,  and 

Anguilla,  by  Marshall  A.  Howe 9 

Fossil  Foraminifera  from  the  West  Indies,  by  Joseph  Augustine  Cushman 21 

Fossil  Bryozoa  from  the  West  Indies,  by  Ferdinand  Canu  and  R.  S.  Bassler 73 

Tertiary  Mollusks  from  the  Leeward  Islands  and  Cuba,  by  Charles  Wythe  Cooke 103 

West  Indian  Tertiary  Decapod  Crustaceans,  by  Mary  J.  Rathbun 157 

3 


MG00046 


INTBODUCTION. 


BY  THOMAS  WAYLAND  VAUGHAN. 


INTRODUCTION. 

The  series  of  memoirs  contained  in  the  present  volume  has  resulted 
from  a  minor  grant  made  to  me  by  the  Carnegie  Institution  of  Wash- 
ington in  the  autumn  of  1913  for  the  study  of  the  stratigraphic  geology 
and  of  the  fossil  corals  and  associated  organisms  in  several  of  the  smaller 
West  Indian  Islands  and  from  the  authority  given  me  by  the  Director 
of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey  to  make  the  investigations  as  a 
part  of  my  official  work.  The  objects  of  these  studies  were  stated  in 
my  first  progress  report,1  as  follows : 

(1)  To  study  the  stratigraphic  geology  of  the  islands,  and  to  make  paleon- 
tologic  collections  with  special  reference  to  the  stratigraphic  occurrence  of  the 
fossils,  so  as  to  establish  a  proper  basis  for  correlating  the  geologic  formations 
in  the  islands  with  those  of  the  southeastern  United  States  and  Panama. 

(2)  To  make  additional  collections  of  fossil  corals  in  order  to  present  a  more 
comprehensive  and  exact  account  of  the  successive  coral  faunas  antecedent  to 
the  living  fauna  than  was  possible  with  the  material  already  available,  and 
thus  trace  the  history  of  the  development  of  the  coral  faunas  through  Tertiary 
time  up  to  and  including  the  Recent  fauna. 

(3)  To  study  the  physiography  of  the  islands  in  order  to  get  a  basis  for 
making  deductions  as  to  how  the  conditions  were  brought  about  under  which 
the  living  coral  reefs  were  formed. 

I  left  Washington  during  the  latter  part  of  January  1914,  and  spent 
the  month  of  February  and  most  of  March  in  the  islands  of  Antigua, 
Saint  Bartholomew,  Anguilla,  Saint  Martin,  and  Saint  Christopher. 
While  engaged  in  field  work  I  received  a  great  deal  of  help  from  the 
officials  of  the  respective  islands  and  will  particularly  mention  Sir  H. 
Hesketh  Bell,  then  governor  of  the  Leeward  Islands,  and  T.  L.  Rox- 
borough,  then  administrator  of  Saint  Christopher.  Rather  large  collec- 
tions of  fossils  resulted  from  my  efforts  and  they  have  now  been  com- 
pletely or  almost  completely  described  and  illustrated.  Five  papers 
are  herewith  presented;  my  own  account  of  the  fossil  coral  faunas  is 
almost  finished ;  Dr.  Robert  T.  Jackson  has  nearly  completed  his  memoir 
on  the  fossil  echinoids;  and  Dr.  Paul  Bartsch  intends  to  submit  a  paper 
on  the  fossil  and  living  land  Mollusca  of  the  Leeward  and  Virgin  Islands. 

The  accompanying  papers  and  those  nearly  complete  supply  the 
foundation  for  the  correlation  of  the  different  geologic  events  in  the 
West  Indies,  and  they  will  be  followed  by  descriptions  of  local  geologic 
details  and  an  account  of  the  general  development  of  the  region,  in 
correlation  with  the  geologic  events  that  were  taking  place  in  the 
southeastern  United  States  and  Central  America.  Most  of  the  manu- 
script relating  to  local  details  and  geologic  interpretation  is  already 
written  and  might  have  been  complete  had  the  entrance  of  the  United 
States  into  the  World  War  not  necessitated  diversion  to  other  duties. 

1  Carnegie  Institution  of  Washington  Year  Book  No.  13,  p.  358,  1915. 

7 


8'  INTRODUCTION. 

Since  my  return  from  the  West  Indies  in  1914,  I  have  either  based 
several  papers  on  the  results  of  my  work  there  or  have  utilized  those 
results  in  connection  with  other  papers.  The  following  is  the  list: 

Papers  by  Thomas  Wayland  Vaughan  containing  results  of  his 
West  Indian  Expedition  in  191 4. 

The  platforms  of  barrier  coral  reefs.    Am.  Geog.  Soc.  Bull.,  vol.  46,  pp.  426-429, 1914. 
Study  of  the  stratigraphic  geology  and  of  the  fossil  corals  and  associated  organisms  in  several 

of  the  smaller  West  Indian   Islands   [progress  report].     Carnegie  Inst.  Wash. 

Year  Book  No.  13,  1914,  pp.  358-360,  1915. 
Coral  reefs  and  reef  corals  of  the  southeastern  United  States,  their  geologic  history  and  their 

significance.    Abstract,  Science,  new  ser.,  vol.  41,  pp.  508-509,  Apr.  2,   1915; 

Geol.  Soc.  America  Bull.,  vol.  26,  pp.  58-60,  1915. 
Introductory  remarks  to  symposium  on  the  factors  producing  changes  in  position  of  strand 

line  during  Pleistocene  and  post-Pleistocene.    Washington  Acad.  Sci.  Jour.,  vol. 

5,  pp.  111-415,  June  19,  1915. 

[Resume"  of  the  present  status  of  geologic  correlation  of  the  Cretaceous  and  Tertiary  for- 
mations of  the  Antilles.]   Washington  Acad.  Sci.  Jour.,  vol.  5,  p.  489,  July  19, 1915. 
Memorandum  on  the  geology  of  the  ground  waters  of  the  island  of  Antigua,  British  West 

Indies.    West  Indian  Bull,  vol.  14,  No.  4,  4J  pp.  and  map,  1915.     Imperial 

Department  of  Agriculture  for  the  West  Indies. 
Present  status  of  the  investigation  of  the  origin  of  barrier  coral  reefs.    Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  vol. 

41,  pp.  131-135,  January  1916. 
Some  littoral  and  sublittoral  physiographic  features  of  the  Virgin  and  Northern  Leeward 

Islands  and  their  bearing  on  the  coral-reef  problem.     Washington  Acad.  Sci. 

Jour.,  vol.  6,  No.  3,  February  4,  1916;  Abstract,  Geol.  Soc.  America  Bull.,  vol.  27, 

No.  1,  pp.  41-45,  March  1916. 
Study  of  the  stratigraphic  geology  and  of  the  fossil  corals  and  associated  organisms  in  several 

of  the  smaller  West  Indian  Islands  [progress  report].    Carnegie  Inst.  Wash.  Year 

Book  No.  14,  pp.  368-373,  1916. 
The  corals  and  coral  reefs  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  Caribbean  Sea.     Read  before  Am. 

Assoc.  Adv.  Sci.,  in  cooperation  with  the  Pan-American  Congress.    Abstract, 

Science,  new  ser.,  vol.  43,  pp.  250-251,  February  18,  1916. 
Study  of  the  stratigraphic  geology  and  of  the  fossil  corals  and  associated  organisms  in  several 

of  the  smaller  West  Indian  Islands  [progress  report].     Carnegie  Inst.  Wash.  Year 

Book  No.  15,  p.  359,  1917. 
The  reef-coral  fauna  of  Carrizo  Creek,  San  Diego  County,  California,  and  its  significance. 

U.  S.  Geol.  Survey,  Prof.  Paper  98-T,  pp.  355-386,  pis.  92-102,  text-figs.  43-46, 

1917.    Abstract,  Geol.  Soc.  America  Bull.,  vol.  28,  No.  1,  p.  200,  March  1917. 
Study  of  the  stratigraphic  geology  and  of  the  fossil  corals  and  associated  organisms  in  several 

of  the  smaller  West  Indian  Islands  [progress  report].     Carnegie  Inst.  Wash.  Year 

Book  No.  16,  p.  319,  1918. 
Correlation  of  the  Tertiary  formations  of  the  southeastern  United  States,  Central  America, 

and  the  West  Indies.    Washington  Acad.  Sci.  Jour.,  vol.  8,  pp.  268-276,  May  1918. 
Fossil  corals  from  Central  America,  Cuba,  and  Porto  Rico,  with  an  account  of  the  American 

Tertiary,  Pleistocene,  and  Recent  coral  reefs.    U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Bull.  103,  pp. 

189-523,  pis.  68-152,  22  text-figs.,  1919. 
The  biologic  character  and  geologic  correlation  of  the  sedimentary  formations  of  Panama, 

in  their  relation  to  the  geologic  history  of  Central  America  and  the  West  Indies. 

U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Bull.  103,  pp.  547-612,  1919. 
Corals  and  the  formation  of  coral  reefs.    Smithsonian  Inst.  Ann.  Rept.,  1917,  pp.  189-238 

37  pis.,  16  text-figs,  1919. 

I  wish  here  to  record  my  thanks  to  President  Woodward,  of  the 
Carnegie  Institution  of  Washington,  and  to  Dr.  George  Otis  Smith,  the 
Director,  and  Dr.  David  White,  the  Chief  Geologist,  of  the  United 
States  Geological  Survey,  for  the  support  they  have  given  these  inves- 
tigations. It  also  gives  me  pleasure  to  express  my  deep  appreciation 
of  the  efforts  of  my  scientific  colleagues  in  making  proper  studies  of  the 
rather  large  collections  that  I  was  so  fortunate  as  to  assemble. 


I. 


TERTIARY  CALCAREOUS  ALGAE  FROM  THE  ISLANDS  OF 
ST.  BARTHOLOMEW,  ANTIGUA,  AND  ANGUILLA. 


BY  MARSHALL  A.  HOWE. 


With  six  plates. 


TERTIARY  CALCAREOUS  ALGJE  FROM  THE  ISLANDS  OF 
ST.  BARTHOLOMEW,  ANTIGUA,  AND  ANGUILLA. 


BY  MARSHALL  A.  HOWE. 


The  present  paper  contains  descriptions  and  illustrations  of  the  fossil 
calcareous  algae  collected  in  February  and  March  1914,  by  Dr.  T.  W. 
Vaughan,  in  the  Eocene  St.  Bartholomew  limestone  of  the  island  of  St. 
Bartholomew,  the  middle  Oligocene  Antigua  formation  of  the  island  of 
Antigua,  and  the  upper  Oligocene  Anguilla  formation  of  the  island  of 
Anguilla. 

ALOE. 
Class  RHODOPHYCE^:. 

Family  CORALLINACE^E. 

Genus  ARCH^OLITHOTHAMNIUM  Rothpletz. 

Archaeolithothamnium  affine,  new  species. 

(Plate  4,  Figure  1;  Plate  5.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Thallus  terete  or  slightly  flattened,  3  cm.  (or  more?)  long,  3.5  to  6.0  mm.  in 
diameter  (8  mm.  at  a  dichotomy),  somewhat  divaricately  dichotomous,  more 
or  less  sinuous  and  nodose,  the  apices  broad  and  rounded-obtuse  or  subacute; 
medullary  hypothallium  zonate,  its  cells  mostly  16  to  30  M  by  8  to  13  /x,  transi- 
tion to  the  perithallium  gradual;  perithallium  more  or  less  distinctly  zonate, 
its  cells  8  to  26  /*  by  8  to  13  /z,  often  about  14  \*.  high  and  12  /i  broad;  sporangial 
sori  becoming  overgrown  and  embedded,  the  sporangial  cavities  elliptic-oval 
in  longitudinal  section,  55  to  78  \L  high  and  27  to  46  ju  broad. 

In  the  Carlisle  marl  pit  (Oligocene,  lower  part  of  Antigua  forma- 
tion), on  slope  just  above  the  level  of  the  central  plain,  Antigua,  West 
Indies,  T.  W.  Vaughan,  station  No.  6873  (type),  February  10,  1914; 
also  at  McKinnon's  (Oligocene,  Antigua  formation),  Antigua,  T.  W. 
Vaughan,  No.  6888,  March  1914.  The  latter  of  the  two  specimens 
is  partially  embedded,  but  the  former  (plate  4)  is  free.  The  structure 
in  both  is  well  preserved  and  ground  sections  exhibit  their  structure 
nearly  as  well  as  would  be  the  case  with  living  or  recent  material. 
A.  affine  appears  to  be  closely  related  to  the  living  A.  sibogce  A.  Web. 
and  Fosl.1  of  the  region  of  the  Sulu  Archipelago,  Borneo,  and  Celebes, 
from  which  it  seems  to  differ  in  its  larger  cells,  especially  of  the  peri- 
thallium, which  are  8  to  26  ^  by  8  to  13  /z,  while  in  A.  sibogce  they  were 
described  by  Weber  and  Foslie  as  5  to  12  /z  by  5  to  8  M;  in  microtome 

1  Foslie,  MM  Three  new  Lithothamnia,  Kgl.  Norsk.  Vidensk.  Selsk.  Skr.t  1901,  No.  1,  p.  3;  Weber- 
van  Bosse,  A.,  and  M.  Foslie,  The  Corallinaceae  of  the  Siboga  Expedition,  Siboga  Exped. 
Monog.  61,  1904,  p.  41,  pi.  vn. 

11 


12    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

sections  made  from  decalcified  material  of  authentic  A.  sibogce  furnished 
by  Madam  Weber,  the  perithallic  cells  often  seem  larger  than  these 
measurements  would  indicate,  yet  the  cells  are  rarely  more  than  13  ju 
long,  while  in  our  fossil  plant  most  of  the  cells,  in  radio-vertical  section, 
are  more  than  13  M  long.  Moreover,  our  sections  of  A.  affine  are  mostly 
oblique  and  our  measurements  may  not  do  full  justice  to  the  length  of 
its  cells.  Numerous  "minute  square  and  oblique  intermediate  cells 
*  *  *  2  to  4  ju  in  diameter/ '  ascribed  to  A.  sibogce,  we  have  not 
observed  in  A.  affine. 

The  sporangial  cavities  are  numerous  and  they  appear  in  thallus 
sections  sometimes  in  rows  of  30  or  40.  Some  of  the  embedded  sori 
are  near  the  surface  and  others  are  so  close  to  the  medulla  that  two- 
thirds  of  the  radius  of  the  thallus-branch  would  lie  external  to  them. 

Archceolithothamnium  curasavicum  (K.  Mart.)  Foslie,1  a  Cretaceous 
fossil  from  the  island  of  Curagao,  is  described  and  figured  as  having  a 
crustaceous  rather  than  a  terete  fruticose  thallus.  Martin's  figure  23, 
however,  looks  a  little  like  a  cross-section  through  an  eccentric  terete 
thallus,  but  it  is  described  as  a  longitudinal  section  and  is  probably 
designed  to  represent  the  coralline  as  attached  to  and  partially  inclosing 
some  foreign  object,  an  explanation  that  gains  support  from  the 
author's  description  of  the  plant. 

Of  the  hitherto  described  fossil  species  of  Archceolithothamnium ,  A. 
affine  is  probably  best  compared  with  A.  turonicum  (Rothpl.)  Fosl.,2 
from  the  Turonian  of  Le  Beausset,  De"p.  Var,  France,  but  it  is  coarser, 
having  branches  3.5  to  6  mm.  instead  of  3  mm.  in  diameter. 

Genus  LITHOTHAMNIUM  Philippi. 

Lithothamnium  concretum,  new  species. 

(Plate  1,  Figure  2;  Plate  2.) 


ya  ***vv/    A)    A  Agyiux/    •"  j    •*•  M*V\X    **•/ 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 


Thallus  forming  irregularly  hemispheric,  subglobose,  or  ellipsoidal,  solid  or 
more  or  less  hollow,  concretionary  masses,  mostly  2  to  5  cm.  in  diameter,  the 
surface  exhibiting  a  few  rounded,  slightly  pronounced  irregular  knobs  or 
lobes,  these  usually  5  to  15  mm.  broad  and  5  to  8  mm.  high;  medulla  irregularly 
oblong  in  section,  5  to  15  mm.  broad,  becoming  hollow  on  exposure;  weathered 
fractures  of  thallus  showing  numerous  tortuous  or  irregularly  plicate  more  or 
less  concentric  lamellae,  these  mostly  0.5  to  1.0  mm.  thick,  at  length  somewhat 
elevated  or  solute;  cells  of  primary  medullary  hypothallia  8  to  13  /u  broad;3 
secondary  hypothallia  infrequent,  100  to  170  /z  thick,  scarcely  "coaxial,"  their 
cells  14  to  18  M  (rarely  26  M)  by  8  to  13  M;  perithallium  conspicuously,  sharply, 
narrowly,  and  irregularly  zonate,  its  larger  cells  10  to  15  n  by  8  to  12  /*,  its 
smaller  8  M  by  6  /u  or  subquadrate  (8  to  11  p  square)  or  occasionally  broader 

1  Lithothamnium  curasavicum  K.  Mart.  Bericht  fiber  eine  Reise  nach  Niederlandisch  West- 
Indien  und  darauf  gegriindete  Studien.  II.  Geologie,  1888,  p.  26,  pi.  n,  figs.  22  to  25. 

1  Lithothamnium  turonicum  Rothpl.  Zeitschr.  deutsch.  Geol.  Ges.f  vol.  43, 1891,  pi.  xvi,  figs.  9,  13. 
[Plate  is  wrongly  numbered  xv.] 

3  Not  well  shown  in  longitudinal  view  in  the  sections  thus  far  made. 


TERTIARY   CALCAREOUS  ALG^3.  13 

than  high;  tetrasporangial  conceptacles  numerous,  becoming  embedded, 
oblong  or  elliptic-oblong  in  radio-vertical  section,  380  to  770  M  in  maximum 
width,  122  to  168  /*  in  height;  roof  of  conceptacle  flat  or  very  slightly  convex, 
its  cells  6  to  10  M  (rarely  13  n)  high,  only  slightly  higher  than  broad. 

Hodges  Bluff,  lower  bed  (Oligocene,  middle  part  of  Antigua  forma- 
tion), Antigua,  West  Indies,  T.  W.  Vaughan,  No.  6862,1  February  6, 
1914. 

Lithothamnium  concretum  may  deserve  comparison  with  Lithotham- 
nium  suganum  Rothpl.,2  from  the  Tertiary  ("Scio-Schichten")  of  Val 
Sugana,  near  Borgo  in  the  Austrian  Tyrol,  but  its  perithallic  cells 
appear  to  be  often  larger  (8  to  15  ju  by  6  to  12  ju  as  compared  with  9 
to  12  /*  by  7  to  9  ju)  and  its  conceptacles  also  are  much  larger  (380  to 
770  M  by  122  to  168  ju  vs.  250  M  by  100  /*).  We  have  seen  no  pub- 
lished figure  or  description  of  external  form  of  L.  suganum.  Possibly 
Lithothamnium  torulosum  Giimbel3  is  a  nearer  relative.  This  was  first 
found  near  Traunstein,  in  Bavaria,  and  was  originally  attributed  to 
the  Oligocene,  but  Rothpletz4  reports  it  from  other  localities  in  Europe 
and  thinks  it  belongs  primarily  to  the  Eocene.  This  forms  rounded, 
slightly  lobed  or  warted  masses  (specimen  figured  is  about  3  cm.  by 
1.5  cm.,  with  elevations  about  5  mm.  in  diameter).  Giimbel  gives  cell 
measurements  as  8  /*  by  6  ju,  but  Rothpletz  makes  the  perithallic  cells 

7  to  12  JJL  by  7  to  9  JJL,  from  which  it  would  appear  that  those  of  L. 
concretum  are  a  little  larger.     Giimbel  did  not  describe  or  figure  con- 
ceptacles, but  Rothpletz  states  that  they  are  400 /z  by  150/z,  which  prob- 
ably means  that  they  are  considerably  smaller  than  in  L.  concretum. 

The  plant  is  not  closely  related  to  any  species  of  Lithothamnium 
now  living  in  the  West  Indian  region,  so  far  as  is  known  to  the  writer. 
In  fact,  it  is  not  obvious  with  what  living  or  recent  species  it  may 
best  be  compared. 

Since  the  above  was  written,  the  writer  has  received  (May  1919)  an 
important  paper  by  Madame  Paul  Lemoine  on  some  fossil  coralline 
algae  of  Martinique,5  the  distribution  of  which  paper  has  possibly  been 
somewhat  delayed  by  war  conditions.  In  this  treatise  several  new 
species  are  described,  one  of  which,  Lithothamnium  lacroixi  Lemoine, 
based  upon  thin  sections  of  pieces  of  calcareous  rock  thrown  up  by  the 
volcano  Mount  Pelee  and  of  uncertain  geologic  age,  evidently  shows  a 
close  affinity  to  L.  concretum.  It  would,  however,  seem  to  be  a  more 
crustaceous  and  less  massive  plant  than  L.  concretum,  with  cells  of  the 

1  The  sections  shown  in  the  micrographs,  which  may  be  considered  the  type  material  in  a  narrow 

sense,  came  from  a  fragment  that  has  been  labeled  aa ;  6  is  another  alga,  both  from  station  6862. 

2  Zeitschr.  deutsch.  Geol.  Ges.,  vol.  43,  1891,  p.  319,  plate  xvn,  fig.  4.     Compare  also  Capeder,  G., 

Malpighia,  vol.  14,  1900,  pp.  176,  177,  plate  vi,  fig.  3. 

8  Abhandl.  mat.-phys.  Cl.  k.  bayer.  Akad.  Wiss.,  vol.  11,  abth.  1,  1871,  p.  40,  plate  n,  figs.  6a,  66. 

4  Zeitschr.  deutsch.  Geol.  Ges.,  vol.  43,  1891,  p.  318. 

5  Contribution  a  1'etude  des  Corallinacees  fossiles.     Bull.  Soc.  Geol.  de  France,  ser.  4,  vol.  17 

1917,  pp.  233-279.     (Date  of  distribution,  Dec.  1918;  fide  auct.  in  litt.) 


14    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

perithallium  in  more  manifest  vertical  rows;  in  radio- vertical  sections 
of  L.  concretum  it  is  the  horizontal  or  concentric  alignment  of  the  peri- 
thallic  cells  that  is  the  regular  and  obvious  thing  (see  plate  2),  while  in 
L.  lacroixi  the  vertical  or  radial  alignment  would  often  appear  to  be 
more  manifest. 

Genus  LITHOPHYLLUM  Philippi. 

Lithophyllum  homogeneum,  new  species. 
(Plate  1,  Figure  1;  Plate  3.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Thallus  massive  or  coarsely  subfrutescent,  forming  concrescent  masses  7  to 
18  cm.  (or  more?)  broad,  the  main  branches  or  axes  subterete,  subtrigonous  or 
irregularly  flattened,  5  to  20  mm.  in  diameter;  weathered  fractures  showing 
rather  indistinct  irregularly  concentric  lamellae,  these  'ess  than  1  mm.  thick; 
cells  of  both  hypothallium  and  perithallium  in  regular  layers;  secondary 
hypothallia  of  rare  occurrence;  cells  of  hypothallium  20  to  26  M  by  8  to  13  M; 
perithallium  for  the  most  part  obscurely,  or  now  and  then  distinctly,  zonate, 
rather  homogeneous  in  structure,  its  cells  mostly  13  to  20  M  by  10  to  13  n, 
occasionally  reaching  length  of  25  M;  conceptacles  unknown. 

Embedded  in  limestone  (upper  Eocene  or  lower  Oligocene),  above 
head  of  Governor's  Bay,  St.  Bartholomew,  T.  W.  Vaughan,  station 
No.  6923,  February  22,  1914. 

In  its  massive,  coarsely  subfrutescent  habit,  Lithophyllum  homo- 
geneum may  have  borne  some  resemblance  to  the  recent  L.  antillarum 
Foslie  and  Howe,1  but  it  is  very  different  in  structure,  having  a  gen- 
eral ground  substance  of  much  larger  cells  and  failing  to  show  (in  sec- 
tion) the  short  rows  of  enlarged  cells  which  characterize  Foslie's  genus 
or  subgenus  Porolithon. 

Among  the  fossil  forms,  a  weathered  section  of  one  of  the  coarser 
branches  of  Lithophyllum  homogeneum  may  bear  a  slight  superficial 
resemblance  to  Lithothamnium  concretum  M.  A.  Howe  (Antigua, 
Vaughan,  No.  6862),  but  a  prepared  section  shows  a  much  more  homo- 
geneous, less  zonate  structure,  with  larger  cells.  Conceptacles  have  not 
been  identified  with  certainty,  but  the  vegetative  structure  suggests 
that  its  place  is  with  Lithophyllum  rather  than  with  Lithothamnium. 
A  possible  relative  is  the  plant  from  Oligocene  strata  at  "Astrup  bei 
Osnabrtick,"  Germany,  described  and  figured  by  Glimbel2  as  Litho- 
thamnium tuberosum  and  afterwards  described  by  Rothpletz.3  The 
specimens  of  the  latter  were  apparently  free,  while  Lithophyllum 
homogeneum  is  embedded,  so  that  it  is  somewhat  difficult  to  compare 
the  two  as  to  external  form,  but  L.  homogeneum  is  probably  a  more 
frutescent  and  less  crustaceous  plant,  with  branches,  or  some  of  them, 

1  Bull.  Torrey  Bot.  Club,  vol.  33,  1906,  p.  579,  fig.  2  and  plates  25,  26. 

9  Abhandl.  mat.-phys.  Cl.  k.  bayer.  Akad.  Wiss.,  vol.  11,  abth.  1, 1871,  p.  39,  plate  i,  figs.  5a,  56,  5c. 

»  Zeitschr.  deutsch.  Geol.  Ges.,  vol.  43,  1891,  p.  317,  318. 


TERTIARY   CALCAREOUS   ALG^J.  15 

coarser  (5  to  20  mm.  in  diameter  vs.  8  to  10  mm.).  Rothpletz  refers 
to  the  thickening  of  the  thallus  by  a  repeated  "  Ueberwucherung "  of 
the  hypothallium — a,  character  that  is  scarcely  noticeable  in  L.  homo- 
geneum,  so  far  as  is  shown  by  the  sections  thus  far  obtained.  No 
conceptacles  were  observed  in  Lithothamnium  tuberosum,  so  the  genus 
remains  in  doubt.  The  cell  measurements  as  given  by  Giimbel  are 
somewhat  less  than  those  obtained  from  our  Liihophyllum  homogeneum, 
while  those  given  by  Rothpletz  from  an  "  Originalstuck  "  are  somewhat 
greater.  Rothpletz  often  finds  GiimbePs  cell  measurements  too  small 
and  he  intimates  that  Giimbel  had  made  some  error  in  calibrating  his 
eye-piece  micrometer. 

Lithophyllum  (?)  molare,  new  species. 
(Plate  4,  Figures  2  to  4.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Thallus  masses  2  to  4  cm.  (and  more?)  in  height,  composed  of  more  or  less 
fused  or  anastomosing  flattened  branches,  these  4  to  10  mm.  broad,  3  to  5  mm. 
thick,  molariform  or  subspatulate,  the  obtuse,  retuse,  or  sparingly  corrugated 
apices  sometimes  free  for  5  to  10  mm. ;  perithallium  and  medullary  hypothallium 
not  clearly  differentiated,  cells  of  both  in  regular  layers;  cells  of  medullary 
hypothallium  20  to  26  ju  by  10  to  13  M;  perithallium  rather  obscurely  or  now 
and  then  distinctly  zonate,  showing  occasionally  1  to  4  layers  of  short  cells 
alternating  with  a  subequal  number  of  layers  of  long  cells,  the  cells  subquad- 
rate  in  section,  the  larger  15  to  18  ju  in  diameter,  often  16  pi  high  and  13  /u 
broad,  the  smaller  about  8  n  in  diameter,  often  broader  than  high;  concepta- 
cles unknown. 

From  bluff  (Oligocene,  middle  of  Antigua  formation)  on  north  side 
of  Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua,  T.  W.  Vaughan,  b  from  station  No. 
6881.  Another  and  evidently  different  coralline  alga  (a  from  station 
No.  6881),  with  subterete,  intricately  intertangled  branches  1.5  to 
3  mm.  in  diameter,  was  collected  at  the  same  time  and  place,  but  the 
two  apparently  do  not  occur  intermingled. 

In  general  form  and  habit,  Lithophyllum  (?)  molare  resembles  certain 
broad-branched  forms  of  the  recent  Lithophyllum  dcedaleum  Fosl.  & 
Howe,1  originally  described  from  Porto  Rico,  and  also,  in  a  less  degree, 
the  recent  Lithophyllum  platyphyllum  Fosl.,2  from  St.  Martin,  of  the 
Leeward  Islands.  It  seems,  however,  to  differ  from  both  of  these  in 
the  thicker,  more  distinctly  zonate  perithallium  and  the  relatively 
shorter  and  (in  section)  more  quadrate  cells.  In  both  L.  dcedaleum  and 
L.  platyphyllumj  the  larger  cells  of  the  inner  perithallium  or  outer 
medullary  hypothallium  (the  two  tissue-systems  commonly  blend 

1  Bull.  N.  Y.  Bot.  Garden,  vol.  4,  1906,  p.  133,  plates  83,  84,  and  85,  f.  1. 

8  Goniolithon  platyphyllum  Fosl.,  Kgl.  Norske  Vidensk.  Selsk.  Skr.  1898,  No.  6,  p.  13;  Lithophyllum 
platyphyllum  Fosl.,  Kgl.  Norske  Vidensk.  Selsk.  Skr.  1900,  No.  5,  p.  18.  As  was  subsequently 
recognized  by  Foslie,  this  species  has  nothing  to  do  with  L.  craspedium  and  L.  africanum, 
between  which  it  was  placed  in  his  "Revised  Systematical  Survey." 


16    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

together  very  gradually)  are  usually  about  26  JLI  long  and  twice  as  long 
as  broad;  in  L.  (?)  molare  the  corresponding  cells  are  about  15  to  18  /z 
long  and  scarcely  longer  than  broad.  Our  best  sections  of  L.  (?)  molare 
are,  however,  somewhat  oblique  and  may  not  do  full  justice  to  the 
length  of  the  cells.  In  L.  platyphyllum  the  much  flattened  branches 
are  thinner  and  less  massive,  being  only  1.25  to  2  mm.  thick. 

Lithoporella  melobesioides  (Foslie)  Foslie. 
(Plate  6.) 

Lithoporella  melobesioides  (Foslie)  Foslie,  Kgl.  Norske  Vidensk.  Selsk.  Skr.,  1909,  No.  2,  p.  59. 
Mastophora  melobesioides   Foslie,  Kgl.   Norske  Vidensk.  Selsk.  Aarsber.  for  1902,   p.  24, 

1903;  Siboga  Exped.  Monog.  61,  1904,  p.  75-77,  figs.  30-32. 
Mastophora  (Lithoporella)  melobesioides  Foslie,  Kgl.  Norske  Vidensk.  Selsk.  Skr.,  No.  7,  p. 

19,  1908;  op.  tit.,  No.  2,  p.  52,  1909. 
Mastophora  (Lithoporella)  atlantica  Foslie,  Kgl.  Norske  Vidensk.  Selsk.  Skr.,  No.  2,  p.  27, 

1906. 

Lithoporella  atlantica  Foslie,  Kgl.  Norske  Vidensk.  Selsk.  Skr.,  No.  2,  p.  59,  1909. 
Mastophora  (Lithoporella)  conjuncta  Foslie,  Kgl.  Norske  Vidensk.  Selsk.  Skr.,  No.  6,  p.  30, 

1907. 
Lithoporella  conjuncta  Foslie,  Kgl.  Norske  Vidensk.  Selsk.  Skr.,  No.  2,  p.  59,  1909. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  the  fossil  West  Indian  forms  of  this 
species: 

Monostromatic  thalli  occurring  singly,  or  2  to  8  of  them  irregularly,  loosely, 
or  now  and  then  rather  compactly  superposed;  cells  (19)  23  to  57  /*  high  and 
13  to  39  M  wide,  1  to  3  (mostly  1.'5  to  2)  times  as  high  as  wide,  in  a  vertical 
section  appearing  for  the  most  part  distinctly  rounded  at  the  angles  and  occa- 
sionally suborbicular  and  submoniliform;  conceptacles  unknown. 

On  and  intercalated  among  other  calcareous  algae  incrusting  a  fossil 
millepore  (?),  in  "top  bed"  (upper  Oligocene),  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla, 
T.  W.  Vaughan,  station  No.  6967  (plate  6,  fig.  2);  with  millepore  (?), 
Crocus  Bay  Hill  (upper  Oligocene),  roadside,  descent  to  Crocus  Bay 
from  valley,  Anguilla,  T.  W.  Vaughan,  station  No.  6893;  intermingled 
with  other  calcareous  algae  from  bluff  (Oligocene,  middle  of  Antigua 
formation)  on  north  side  of  Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua,  T.  W.  Vaughan, 
station  No.  6881;  and  intercalated  with  Lithophyllum  homogeneum  in 
limestone  (upper  Eocene  or  lower  Oligocene)  from  above  head  of 
Governor's  Bay,  St.  Bartholomew,  T.  W.  Vaughan,  No.  6923  (plate  6, 
fig.  1),  February  22,  1914. 

The  description,  as  given  above,  is  drawn  from  the  fossil  West 
Indian  specimens  cited,  but  it  would  require  only  very  slight  changes 
in  the  cell  measurements  to  make  it  include  all  of  the  forms,  recent  and 
fossil,  described  by  Foslie  under  the  names  cited  above.  On  first 
meeting  with  this  plant  in  one  of  the  Anguilla  specimens  from  station 
No.  6967,  it  was  our  impression  that  it  might  be  considered  specifically 
distinct  from  all  of  the  forms  described  by  Foslie  in  its  shorter  cells 
(19  to  42  fj,  in  the  specimen  cited),  but  the  subsequent  discovery  of  the 
other  specimens  showed  both  a  great  variety  of  forms  and  sizes  of  cells 


TERTIARY   CALCAREOUS   ALG.E.  17 

in  a  single  individual  and  also  a  complete  intergrading  with  the  cell 
characters  of  Lithoporella  melobesioides,  L.  atlantica,  and  L.  conjuncta, 
as  described  by  Foslie.  Form  and  size  of  the  vegetative  cells  and  size 
of  the  conceptacles  are  the  characters  relied  upon  by  Foslie  to  dis- 
tinguish his  proposed  species  in  this  genus.  The  following  comparison 
will,  we  think,  illustrate  the  difficulty  of  maintaining  species  based  on 
these  distinctions;  the  numbers  in  parenthesis  denote  occasional 
extremes : 

Cell  dimensions  of  species,  ace.  to  Foslie: 

L.  melobesioides 1903,  30-60  n  X  25  M- 

L.  melobesioides 1904,  30-60  (75)  jt  X  (12)  15-25  (30)  M- 

L.  melobesioides  f.  varians 1908,  40-54  M  X  (18)  25-43  M- 

L.  melobesioides  f.  typica 1909,  (25)  30-60  (75)  M  X  15-30  (40)  /u. 

L.  melobesioides  f.  varians 1909,  (30)  40-60  (85)  ju  X  (18)  25-43  (54)  M. 

L.  atlantica 1906,  (32)  36-55  (60)  n  X  18-36  (40)  /*• 

L.  conjuncta 1907,  (25)  36-54  (65)  M  X  14-29  A*. 

Leeward  Islands  fossils (19)  23-57  /i  X  13-39  M. 

Conceptacles  of  species  ace.  to  Foslie: 

L.  melobesioides 1903,  600-1000  /u. 

L.  melobesioides 1904,  800-1000  /x. 

L.  atlantica 1906,  500-800  M- 

L.  conjuncta 1907,  (400)  500-800  /z. 

From  the  above  showing  it  would  appear  that,  unless  future  researches 
should  reveal  conceptacles  of  a  distinctive  character,  there  is  little  or 
no  ground  for  considering  the  Leeward  Islands  fossil  specifically 
different  from  recent  forms  already  described. 

Lithoporella  melobesioides  was  originally  described  as  a  living  species 
from  the  Maldives,  but  has  since  been  reported  also  as  a  fossil  from 
New  Guinea.1  L.  atlantica  and  L.  conjuncta,  both  recent  species,  were 
described  from  St.  Jan  in  the  Danish  West  Indies  and  the  west  coast  of 
Africa,  respectively.  All  of  these  were  originally  proposed  under  the 
generic  name  Mastophora,  but  in  the  typical  species  of  Mastophora 
the  thallus  consists  of  several  layers  of  thick-walled  cells,  which  are 
very  slightly  or  not  at  all  calcified.  Foslie's  final  establishment2  of  a 
genus  Lithoporella  to  receive  the  monostromatic  calcified  forms  that 
he  had  previously  referred  to  Mastophora  seems  justified,  though 
Madame  Lemoine,  in  a  recent  paper,3  prefers  to  consider  Lithoporella 
a  subgenus  of  Melobesia. 

Lithoporella  pacifica  (Heydrich)  Foslie,4  first  described  as  a  recent 
plant  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  is  said  by  Foslie  to  have  cells  that  are 
32  to  80  (110)  M  by  7  to  12  /*,  which  would  make  them  considerably 
longer  and  narrower  than  those  of  any  of  the  forms  referred  to  above. 
Moreover,  there  are  discrepancies  of  some  importance  between  the 
descriptions  of  this  plant  as  given  by  Heydrich  and  as  given  by  Foslie, 

1  Siboga  Exped.  Monog.  61,  1904,  p.  75-77,  fig.  32. 
a  Kgl.  Norske  Vidensk.  Selsk.  Skr.  1909,  No.  2,  p.  58. 
8  In  B0rgesen,  Dansk  Bot.  Ark.,  vol.  3,  1917,  No.  1,  p.  174. 

4  Melobesia  pacifica  Heydrich,  Bot.  Jahrb.  vol.  28,  1901,  p.  529;  Mastophora  (Lithoporella)  pacifica 
Foslie,  Kgl.  Norske  Vidensk.  Selsk.  1909,  No.  2,  p.  53;  Lithoporella  pacifica  Foslie,  loc.  cit.,  59. 


18    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

though  both  professedly  examined  the  same  material,  preserved  in  the 
Museum  d'Histoire  Naturelle  of  Paris.  Foslie  at  first  considered  the 
plant  to  belong  to  the  Squamariaceae.1  In  case  that  anyone  should 
find  adequate  grounds  for  combining  Lithoporella  pacifica  with  the 
forms  brought  together  above,  it  may  be  remarked  that  the  name 
pacifica  would  appear  to  enjoy  priority  rights  over  melobesioides. 
However,  there  is  a  still  earlier  name  of  probable  applicability  that 
must  be  considered  if  a  " broad"  view  of  species  is  to  be  accepted  and 
if  the  fossil  and  recent  forms  are  to  be  looked  upon  as  representing  a 
single  species.  This  is  the  Lithothamnium  tenuiseptum  of  Capeder,2 
from  the  Pliocene  of  Monte  Mario  (near  Rome?),  Italy.  Capeder's 
figure  of  the  microscopic  structure  is  rather  diagrammatic  and  sketchy 
and  we  do  not  feel  so  confident  that  it  represents  our  Leeward  Islands 
fossil  as  we  do  in  regard  to  FoshVs  more  convincing  figures  of  his  L. 
melobesioides.  Capeder  describes  the  cells  as  60  M  by  18  ju  and  figures 
them  as  3  times  as  high  as  broad,  a  proportion  that  is  of  only  occasional 
occurrence  in  L.  melobesioides  as  we  know  it.  Conceptacles  are  de- 
scribed as  404  jj,  by  202  /z,  but  if  two  cavities  shown  in  his  detailed  figure 
are  the  supposed  conceptacles,  and  if  the  relations  of  the  surrounding 
cells  are  correctly  represented,  it  may  be  suspected  that  these  cavities 
represent  holes  of  boring  animals  or  other  fortuitous  lacunae  rather 
than  conceptacles. 

The  West  Indian  fossils  that  we  are  referring  to  Lithoporella  melo- 
besioides, as  is  usual  with  the  species  of  FoshVs  subgenus  Eulitho- 
porella,  are  very  commonly  overgrown  by  other  calcareous  algae, 
sometimes  lying  in  alternating  layers  with  such  algae,  and  are  not 
always  visible  in  a  surface  view. 

The  collections  made  in  the  Leeward  Islands  by  Dr.  Vaughan  include 
several  representatives  of  the  Lithothamnieae  in  addition  to  the  5 
species  described  and  discussed  in  the  foregoing  report,  but  we  have 
not  felt  justified  in  giving  them  names,  owing  to  the  limited  quantity 
or  unsatisfactory  preservation  of  the  material  or  to  lack  of  success  in 
obtaining  sufficiently  instructive  sections. 

Deserving  special  mention  among  these  specimens  left  undetermined 
is  one,  a,  from  station  No.  6881,  bluff  (Oligocene)  on  north  side  of  Wil- 
loughby  Bay,  Antigua,  which  has  intertangled  subterete  branches 
1.5  to  3.0  mm.  in  diameter. 

A  specimen  from  station  No.  6854,  Rifle  Butts  (Oligocene),  Antigua, 
shows  one  or  more  species  of  thin  crustaceous  Lithothamnieae  closely 
adherent  to  old  millepores  or  corals.  In  general  habit  these  resemble 
the  recent  Goniolithon  solubile  Foslie  and  Howe,  which  now  incrusts 
dead  corals  and  millepores  throughout  the  West  Indian  region. 

1  Kgl.  Norske  Viclensk.  Selsk.  Skr.  1901,  No.  2,  p.  19. 

2  Malpighia,  vol.  14,  1900,  p.  181,  plate  vi,  figs,  17a,  17b. 


TERTIARY   CALCAREOUS   ALG^.  19 

Specimen  a  from  station  No.  6856,  from  Friars'  Hill  (Oligocene), 
Antigua,  includes  an  apparently  sterile  Lithothamnium  which  seems 
to  be  very  close  to  Lithothamnium  isthmi  M.  A.  Howe  from  the  Oligo- 
cene of  the  Panama  Canal  Zone  (MacDonald  and  Vaughan,  No.  6021) 
and  may  be  identical  with  it. 

Specimen  6,  from  station  No.  6862,  Hodges  Bluff,  lower  bed  (Oligo- 
cene), Antigua,  consists  chiefly  of  one  of  the  Lithothamnieae  with  rather 
elongate  subterete  branches  2  to  4  mm.  in  diameter.  In  general  habit 
and  in  structure  it  seems  to  bear  considerable  resemblance  to  certain 
forms  of  the  recent  Goniolithon  strictum  Fosl.  of  the  West  Indian  region. 

A  specimen  from  station  No.  6967,  top  bed  (upper  Oligocene), 
Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  shows  chiefly  a  millepore  or  other  calcareous 
animal,  but  incrusting  it,  in  addition  to  the  Lithoporella  melobesioides 
mentioned  above,  is  a  Lithothamnium  that  appears  to  be  related  to  the 
recent  L.  syntrophicum  Fosl.  of  the  West  Indian  region,  but  probably 
differing  hi  having  a  thallus  that  is  not  always  thin  and  crustaceous, 
but  occasionally  lifted  into  short  knobs  or  wartlike  excrescences. 


HOWE 


PLATE  1 


FIG.  1. — Lithophyllum  homogeneum,  n.  sp.  Photograph  of  all  of  the  embedded  material,  from 
above  head  of  Governor's  Bay,  St.  Bartholomew  (T.  W.  Vaughan,  Station  No.  6923). 
Natural  size. 

FIG.  2. — Lithothamnium  concretum,  n.  sp..  Photograph  of  nearly  free  specimens  from  Hodge's 
Bluff,  Antigua  (T.  W.  Vaughan,  Station  No.  6862).  Natural  size. 


HOWE 


PL 


Lithothamnium  concretum,  n.  sp. 

FIG.  1. — Photograph  of  radio-vertical  section  (from  same  specimen  as  fig.  2),  showing  cell  struc- 
ture, tetrasporic  conceptacles,  etc.,  enlarged  100  diameters.  The  surface  of  the  thallus 
is  toward  the  right. 

FIG.  2. — Photograph  of  radio-vertical  section,  showing  zonations,  tetrasporic  conceptacles,  etc., 
enlarged  42  diameters. 


)WE 


PLATE  3 


Lithophyllum  homogeneum,  n.  sp. 

FIG.  1. — Photograph  of  a  radio-vertical  section  (from  same  fragment  as  section  shown  in  fig.  2), 
showing  secondary  hypothallium,  etc.,  enlarged  100  diameters. 

FIG.  2. — Photograph  of  an  obliquely  transverse  section  of  a  part  of  a  main  axis,  enlarged  42 
diameters. 


HOWE 


PLATE  4 


FIG.  1. — Archceolithothamnium  affine,  n.  sp.  Photograph  of  the  free  type  specimen,  from  Car- 
lisle marl  pit.  Antigua  (T.  W.  Vaughan,  Station  No.  6873);  slightly  enlarged  (V). 

FIGS.  2  to  4.—Lithophyllum  (?)  molare,  n.  sp.  (2)  Photograph  of  all  of  material  from  north 
side  of  Willoughhy  Bay,  Antigua  (T.  W.  Vaughan,  b  from  Station  No.  6881) ;  slightly 
enlarged  (f ).  (3)  Photograph  of  part  of  an  obliquely  transverse  section  of  a  large 
branch,  enlarged  44  diameters.  (4)  Photograph  of  part  of  a  radio-longitudinal 
section  of  same  branch,  showing  perithallic  cells,  etc.,  enlarged  100  diameters. 


Archceolithothamnium  affine  n.  sp. 

FIG.  1. — Photograph  of  part  of  an  obliquely  transverse  section  (Antigua,  T.  W.  Vaughan,  Sta- 
tion No.  6873),  from  branch  at  left  as  shown  in  fig.  1,  plate  4),  enlarged  44  diameters. 

FIG.  2. — Photograph  of  a  part  of  an  obliquely  transverse  section  (Antigua,  T.  W.  Vaughan,  Sta- 
tion No.  6888),  enlarged  72  diameters. 


HOWE 


PLATE  6 


Lithoporella  melobesioides  (Foslie)  Foslie. 

FIG.  1. — Photograph  showing  irregularly  superposed  layers  (near  middle  of  field,  appearing  as 
rows  of  cells  in  section),  Station  No.  6923,  St.  Bartholomew,  T.  W.  Vaughan.  The 
cells  in  section  are  here  mostly  1.5  to  3  times  as  high  as  wide.  Enlarged  72  diameters. 

FIG.  2. — Photograph  of  other  specimens  in  section,  likewise  intercalated  with  various  foreign 
organisms,  from  Anguilla,  T.  W.  Vaughan,  Station  No.  6967.  The  cells  in  section 
here  are  mostly  1  to  2  times  as  high  as  wide.  Enlarged  72  diameters. 


II. 
FOSSIL  FORAMINIFERA  FROM  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

BY  JOSEPH  AUGUSTINE  CUSHMAN. 


With  fifteen  plates  and  eight  text-figures. 


21 


FOSSIL  FORAMINIFERA  FROM  THE  WEST  INDIES. 


BY  JOSEPH  AUGUSTINE  CUSHMAN. 


INTRODUCTION. 

Very  little  has  been  known  of  the  fossil  Foraminifera  of  the  West 
Indies,  perhaps  except  Trinidad  and  Jamaica,  and,  although  the 
present  paper  is  based  on  collections  from  Cuba,  Haiti,  and  Jamaica 
of  the  Greater  Antilles,  and  from  Antigua,  St.  Bartholomew,  Anguilla, 
and  St.  Martins  of  the  Leeward  Islands,  the  area  as  a  whole  has  still 
been  scarcely  more  than  touched.  As  the  larger  orbitoid  genera  were 
heretofore  almost  unknown  from  the  Lesser  Antilles,  it  is  fortunate 
that  the  present  collections  are  fairly  rich  in  them,  both  in  species  and 
in  individuals,  because  from  a  study  of  these  it  has  been  possible  to 
make  some  general  correlations  with  both  continental  America  and 
with  Europe.  The  smaller  Foraminifera  are  at  present  less  valuable 
for  correlation  purposes  on  account  of  the  lack  of  the  sharp  discrimina- 
tion of  the  species  representing  them  in  adjacent  regions.  Some  of  the 
Miocene  species,  however,  afford  a  basis  for  definitely  correlating  some 
West  Indian  exposures  at  least  with  Panama  and  the  Coastal  Plain 
of  the  United  States,  collections  from  both  of  which  I  have  described 
in  reports  recently  published.  The  smaller  Foraminifera,  because 
they  are  very  liable  to  exhibit  differences  in  faunal  assemblage,  accord- 
ing to  different  depths  and  different  conditions  of  temperature,  are  of 
value  in  supplying  information  on  the  physical  conditions  under  which 
sediments  containing  them  were  deposited. 

A  summary  statement  regarding  the  collections  and  the  general 
characters  of  the  f oraminif eral  faunas  from  the  different  islands  will  be 
given  at  once,  so  that  the  data  may  be  available  for  the  later  discussion. 

LEEWARD  ISLANDS. 

Collections,  all  made  by  T.  W.  Vaughan,  in  1914,  from  four  of  the 
Leeward  Islands,  viz,  St.  Bartholomew,  Antigua,  Anguilla,  and  St. 
Martin,  were  submitted  to  me.  Much  of  the  material  is  more  or  less 
indurated  rock,  and  although  it  is  very  rich,  especially  in  specimens  of 
large  forms,  the  species  present  are  comparatively  few.  Because  of 
their  being  firmly  embedded  in  a  matrix,  the  smaller  species  may  be 
discovered  only  by  sections,  which  are  necessarily  more  or  less  at  ran- 
dom. These  reveal  that  smaller  Foraminifera  are  numerous;  but  as  a 
rule  they  are  very  unsatisfactory  as  they  do  not  allow  surface  charac- 
ters, on  which  specific  characters  so  largely  depend,  to  be  studied;  and 
from  them  it  is  usually  possible  to  indicate  little  more  than  the  genus 

23 


24 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 


to  which  a  specimen  belongs.  A  few  of  the  genera  are  noted  here  for 
later  comparisons. 

In  general  the  Foraminifera  show  the  faunal  sequence  already  pub- 
lished by  Vaughan.1  The  presence  in  St.  Bartholomew  of  two  species 
of  Orthophragmina  and  associated  Nummulites  seems  undoubtedly  to 
indicate  upper  Eocene  as  the  age  of  the  St.  Bartholomew  limestone. 
The  presence  in  Antigua  of  abundant  specimens  of  large  species  of 
Lepidocyclina,  as  large  as  or  larger  than  any  species  hitherto  described, 
and  the  absence  of  Orthophragmina  seem  clearly  to  indicate  an  Oligo- 
cene  age;  while  Orbitolites  (Sorites)  duplex  from  Anguilla  and  St. 
Martin  seems  to  indicate  a  still  younger  horizon. 

One  of  the  species  of  Orthophragmina  from  St.  Bartholomew  appears 
to  be  close  to  a  species  already  described  from  Marianna,  Florida 
(0.  mariannensis) ,  but  none  similar  to  the  other  has  yet  been  found 
on  the  continent.  Nearly  all  the  larger  species  are  believed  to  be 
undescribed  and  should  furnish  excellent  means  of  correlation  with 
other  West  Indian  or  continental  geologic  formations. 

The  following  table  of  species  from  the  four  islands  contains  the 
station  numbers,  the  full  data  for  which  are  given  in  the  distribution  of 
each  species: 

List  of  species  of  Foraminifera  from  the  Leeward  Islands. 


Species. 

Station 
No. 

Species. 

Station 
No. 

From  Saint  Bartholomew: 
Globigerina  

6921 

From  Antigua  —  continued 
Lepidocyclina  undulata,  n.  sp. 

6863 

Conulites  americana,  n.  sp.  . 
Carpenteria  proteus,  n.  sp.  . 

Nummulites  antillea,  n.  sp.  . 
Nummulites  parvula,  n.  sp  .  . 
Lepidocyclina  antillea,  n.  sp  . 

6902 
6921 
6924 
6895 
6924 
6895 
6897 
6903 
6924 
6921 
6897 

Lepidocyclina  undosa,  n.  sp. 
Lepidocyclina  f  avosa,  n.  sp  . 
Lepidocyclina  parvula,  n.  sp. 

From  Anguilla: 
Textularia  

6858 
6880? 
6881 
6942 
6869 
6881 
6862 
6854 

6894 

68976 
6902 

Gypsina  globulus  (Reuss)  .  . 

6966 
6894 

Orthophragmina  antillea,  n. 

6903 

Heterosteginoides    antillea, 
n.  so 

6894 

SD  . 

6895 

6965 

Orthophragmina  marginata, 
n.  sp. 

ig6924 

Quinqueloculina 

6966 
6966 

From  Antigua: 

&=uJ 

Orbitolites  duplex  Carp.  .  .  . 
Alveolina  . 

6894? 
6966 

Heteroategina  antillea,  n.  sp. 
Lepidocyclina  gigas,  n.  sp.  . 

6869 
6854 
6862 

From  St.  Martin's: 
Spiroloculina  

6949 

6854 
6857 

Orbitolites  duplex  Carp.  .  .  . 
Alveolina  . 

6949 
6949 

1  Vaughan,  T.  W.  Study  of  the  stratigraphic  geology  and  of  the  fossil  corals  and  associated 
organisms  in  several  of  the  smaller  West  Indian  Islands.  Carnegie  Inst.  Wash.  Year  Book 
No.  13,  pp.  358-360,  1914. 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  25 

SANTO  DOMINGO. 

The  collection  containing  fossil  Foraminifera  from  Santo  Domingo 
was  placed  in  my  hands  for  study  in  connection  with  the  work  of  Dr. 
T.  W.  Vaughan  on  other  groups  of  the  same  material.  The  collection 
is  that  of  Dr.  Carlotta  J.  Maury  of  Cornell  University,  and  represents 
several  horizons  and  different  localities.  Only  those  localities  at  which 
Foraminifera  were  found  are  mentioned  here. 

Three  localities  with  the  following  data  have  furnished  the  Foramin- 
ifera: Zone  A,  Rio  Gurabo;  Zone  G,  Rio  Gurabo ;  Zone  H,  Rio  Cana ; 
Zone  I,  Rio  Cana;  Bluff  2,  Cercado  de  Mao;Bluff3,CercadodeMao. 

In  all,  these  localities  have  yielded  33  species  of  Foraminifera.  As 
is  usual  in  such  material,  a  few  species  dominate  while  the  others  are 
obtained  only  after  long  and  diligent  search  of  the  finer  material  and 
are  too  often  represented  by  single  specimens.  For  this  reason  the 
occasional  scattered  records  of  one  species  present  in  one  locality  and 
not  in  another  when  the  general  assemblage  in  the  two  is  very  much 
alike  may  mean  that  there  are  certain  uniques  which,  if  the  search 
could  be  prolonged  indefinitely,  would  be  represented  in  the  similar 
lot  of  material  from  which  it  now  appears  to  be  absent.  Such  an 
explanation  is  probably  sufficient  for  most  of  the  records  of  this  sort 
in  Zones  H  and  I  and  Bluffs  2  and  3.  It  explains  probably  the  two 
species  of  Polystomella  which  are  represented  at  single  localities  by 
single  specimens,  while  the  third  species  is  common  and  represented 
at  all  four  of  the  stations.  It  does  not  account  for  the  Orbitolites, 
however,  which  is  almost  if  not  quite  the  most  abundant  genus  in  the 
Bluff  3  material  and  is  lacking  in  the  others.  This  again  may  be 
accounted  for  in  the  possible  slight  difference  in  ecologic  conditions. 
In  the  tropics  especially,  Orbitolites  is  very  apt  to  occur  in  great  num- 
bers under  certain  conditions.  For  example,  about  Montego  Bay, 
Jamaica,  Orbitolites  is  met  with  occasionally  or  even  frequently  in 
dredgings  of  several  fathoms  in  the  sand  among  the  reefs,  but  about  the 
Bogue  Islands  to  the  west  of  the  bay,  in  a  few  inches  of  water,  Orbito- 
lites becomes  very  abundant.  The  short  Posidonia  to  which  the  young 
of  Orbitolites  attach  themselves  is  here  abundant  in  the  comparatively 
quiet  waters  and  the  specimens  of  Orbitolites  make  up  a  large  part  of 
the  deposit  about  the  roots  of  Posidonia.  Some  such  conditions  prob- 
ably explain  the  very  great  abundance  of  Orbitolites  and  of  Asteri- 
gerina  and  Amphistegina  in  certain  of  the  other  localities. 

The  geological  sequence  seems  to  present  three  phases  at  least.  Zone 
A  is  the  youngest  and  is  represented  by  but  2  species  in  the  rather 
limited  material  at  hand.  Both  of  these  species  occur  living  at  the 
present  time  and  the  bed  containing  the  fossils  can  not  be  of  any  but 
late  Tertiary  age. 

Zone  G  is  represented  by  a  single  species  in  considerable  numbers 
unlike  anything  in  the  other  beds,  but  generically  like  those  of  the 
lower  members.  Its  age  from  this  seems  to  be  Miocene. 


26 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 


Zones  H  and  I,  which  may  be  considered  with  the  material  from 
Bluffs  2  and  3  as  one  unit  as  far  as  the  Foraminifera  are  concerned, 
seem  to  be  in  general  early  Miocene,  possibly  upper  Oligocene.  The 

Distribution  of  fossil  Foraminifera,  Santo  Domingo. 


List  of  species. 

Zone  A, 
Rio  Gurabo. 

Zone  G, 
Rio  Gurabo. 

Zone  H, 
Rio  Cana. 

rZone  I, 
Rio  Cana. 

Bluff  2, 
Cercado  de 
Mao. 

Bluff  3, 
Cercado  de 
Mao. 

Cercado  de 
Mao. 

Textulariidse: 
Riilimina  ovata  d'Orb  

x 

Globigerinidae: 
Globigerina  bulloides  d'Orb 

x 

inflata  d'Orb 

i 

x 

x 

x 

conglobata  H.  B.  Brady 

x 

Orbulina  uni  versa  d'Orb  •                .  . 

x 

x 

Rotaliidae: 
Discorbis  orbicularis  Terq  

x 

Truncatulina  lobatula  Walk.  &  Jac  .  . 

x 

haidingcrii  d'Orb 

x 

Gypsina  inhssrens  Schultze. 

x 

x 

x 

globulus  (Reuss  )         .... 

x 

x 

Asterigerina  carinata,  n.  sp         ... 

x 

angulata,  n.  sp  

x 

x 

x 

x 

rotundata,  n.  sp  

x 

tuberculata  n  sp. 

x 

x 

Nummulitidae  : 
Arnphistegina  lessonii  d'Orb.,  fiat  var. 

x 

x 

evolute  var.  .  . 

x 

x 

x 

Nonionina  grateloupi  d'Orb  

x 

x 

sloani  d'Orb   

x 

x 

Polystomella  sagra  d'Orb  

x 

lanieri  d'Orb 

x 

x 

x 

x 

striatopunctata  F.  &  M. 

x 

Miliolidee: 
Quinqueloculina  agglutinans  d'Orb.  . 

x 

x 

x 

cf.   Q.   kerimbatica 
H.  All.  AEarl... 

x 

x 

cuvieriana  d'Orb.  .  .  . 

x 

x 

auberiana  d'Orb 

x 

x 

x 

pulchella  d'Orb.    . 

x 

x 

x 

x 

gualteriana  d'Orb.  .  . 

x 

x 

? 

Triloculina  fichteliana  d'Orb  

x 

Vertebralina  cassis  d'Orb  

x 

Biloculina  sp  

x 

Peneroplis  pertusus  var.  discoideus  Fl. 

x 

var  

x 

Orbiculina  adunca  F.  &  M  

x 

x 

x 

x 

Orbitolites  complanata  Lam.,  var.  .  .  . 

x 

evidence  would  seem  to  favor  Miocene.  Here  is  an  assemblage  of 
31  species,  several  of  which  are  represented  by  abundant  specimens. 
The  foraminiferal  fauna  is  typical  of  shallow-water  tropical  conditions, 
while  the  few  specimens  of  Orbulina  and  Globigerina  do  not  occur  in 
sufficient  numbers  to  indicate  any  considerable  depth.  Their  presence 
in  very  small  numbers  is  only  confirmatory  of  the  shallow-water  condi- 
tions which  the  more  abundant  species  clearly  indicate. 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  27 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  many  of  the  species  fit  much  more 
closely  the  original  figures  and  descriptions  given  by  d'Orbigny  in  his 
Cuba  paper  (d'Orbigny,  in  De  la  Sagra,  Hist.  Fis.  Pol.  Nat.  Cuba, 
1839,  "Foraminiferes")  than  they  do  any  other  later  figures  and 
descriptions,  either  of  these  same  or  other  species.  In  fact,  many  of  the 
d'Orbignyan  species  originally  described  in  the  above  paper  have  since 
been  changed  by  subsequent  authors,  so  that  the  later  figures  assigned 
to  such  species  are  not  at  all  specifically  like  the  originals.  After  care- 
ful comparison  it  has  seemed  best  to  reestablish  several  of  d'Orbigny 's 
species,  such  as  Polystomella  lanieri  and  others,  as  fitting  the  present 
material  under  consideration  much  more  definitely  than  do  the  recent 
species  under  which  they  have  been  placed  as  synonyms. 

Similarly,  in  the  matter  of  the  genus  Asterigerina  d'Orbigny,  it  has 
seemed  best  to  use  that  name  here.  While  it  is  true  that  Discorbis  has 
species  which  have  "asterigerine"  developments  on  the  ventral  side, 
and  while  Amphistegina  also  has  similar  characters,  yet  here  are  several 
species  certainly  not  closely  related  to  Discorbis  nor  yet  with  the 
highly  developed  characters  of  Asterigerina.  Under  such  circum- 
stances, as  they  fit  d'Orbigny's  genus  Asterigerina  perfectly,  that  name 
is  here  applied  to  them. 

Only  those  specimens  are  figured  which  are  believed  to  be  new.  For 
the  others,  a  reference  to  figures,  either  to  d'Orbigny  or  other  authors, 
is  given.  A  few  species  must  be  left  in  a  questionable  condition,  either 
because  they  are  uniques  or  are  too  worn  or  broken  to  give  full  details. 

A  table  is  given  showing  the  distribution  in  the  different  localities. 

JAMAICA. 

In  his  Geology  of  Jamaica,  Hill1  gives  records  of  Foraminifera, 
identified  by  Dr.  R.  M.  Bagg,  from  a  number  of  localities  and  horizons. 
The  collections  available  for  the  present  work  are  limited  to  the  Bowden 
marl  from  Bowden,  Jamaica.  In  1876  Jones  and  Parker,2  gave  a  list 
of  the  species  they  found  in  the  Bowden  marl,  and  Brady,  in  the  same 
volume  (p.  309),  described  a  new  species  from  the  same  formation. 
The  list  given  by  Jones  and  Parker  is  as  follows : 

Nodosaria  raphanistmm  Linne".  Cristellaria  italica  Defrance. 

Dentalina  acicula  Lamarck.  Tinoporus  vesicularis  Parker  and  Jones. 

Vaginulina  striata  d'Orbigny.  Bulimina  ovata  d'Orbigny. 

Frondicularia  complanata  Defrance.  Cuneolina  pavonia  d'Orbigny. 

Cristellaria  rotulata  Lamarck.  Vertebralina  (Articulina)  striata  d'Orbigny. 

cultrata  Montfort.  Lituola  soldani  Parker  and  Jones. 

calcar  Linne". 

1  Hill,  R.  T.  The  geology  and  physical  geography  of  Jamaica.  Study  of  a  type  of  Antillean 
development.  Based  upon  surveys  made  for  Alexander  Agassiz.  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
vol.  34,  pp.  147  et.  seq.,  1899. 

'Jones,  T.  R.,  and  W.  K.  Parker.,  Ann.  Soc.  Mai.  Belg.,  vol.  11,  Mem.  pp.  91-103,  1876. 


28    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

Tinoporus  pilaris  was  described  by  Brady. 

As  lias  already  been  noted  in  discussing  the  species  from  Santo 
Domingo,  occasional  specimens  of  rare  species  in  fossil  deposits  are 
apt  to  be  found  again  only  after  persistent  search,  as  the  chance  of 
finding  them  in  any  definite  amount  of  material  depends  upon  their 
rarity.  Therefore  it  is  not  surprising  to  find  certain  species,  such  as 
Cristellaria  italica,  which  could  hardly  be  mistaken  for  anything  else, 
given  in  Parker  and  Jones's  list  from  Bowden,  but  not  seen  since.  A 
single  specimen  only  was  found,  according  to  the  original  list. 

In  his  Geology  of  Jamaica,  Hill  gives  a  list  of  the  Foraminifera 
identified  by  R.  M.  Bagg  from  Bowden.  Except  for  changes  in 
nomenclature,  this  list  is  very  similar  to  that  given  by  Parker  and 
Jones.  The  list  as  identified  by  Bagg  follows : 

Haplostiche  soldanii  (Parker  and  Jones).  Gypsina  globulus  (Reuss). 

Textularia  barrettii  (Jones  and  Parker).  vesicularis  (Parker  and  Jones). 

trochus  d'Orbigny.  Cuneolina  sp. 
Orbiculina  adunca  (Fichtel  and  Moll).  pavonia  d'Orbigny. 

compressa  d'Orbigny.  Vaginulina  legumen  (Linn6). 

Cristellaria  cultrata  (Montfort).  Nummulites  ramondi  d'Archiac. 

cassis  (Fichtel  and  Moll).  Amphistegina  lessonii  d'Orbigny. 

calcar  (Linne"). 

Each  of  these  lists  contains  the  names  of  14  species,  with  probably 
7  species  in  common,  or  a  possible  total  of  21  species. 

In  this  work  I  have  had,  through  the  kindness  of  Professor  E.  W. 
Berry,  of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  a  considerable  quantity  of  marl 
from  Bowden,  and  persistent  searching  has  added  a  number  of  species 
not  previously  recorded,  and  yet  has  not  revealed  certain  species  listed 
by  earlier  workers;  17  of  these  seem  to  be  additions  to  the  previous  lists. 

Allowing  for  possible  mistakes  in  identification  or  duplication  of 
names,  it  seems  fair  to  limit  the  present  list  to  31  species.  A  number 
of  these  are  also  found  in  the  Miocene  of  Santo  Domingo,  Cuba, 
Panama,  and  the  Coastal  Plain  of  the  United  States.  A  few  of  the 
Bowden  forms  seem  on  critical  examination  to  be  undescribed. 

The  Bowden  marl  is  characterized  by  an  abundance  of  large  species 
of  Haplostiche,  Cuneolina,  Cristellaria,  etc.,  which  do  not  occur  in  the 
collections  from  the  other  Miocene  formations,  already  referred  to,  and 
in  a  way  seems  to  be  unique.  It  is  a  striking  fact  that  the  same  species 
and  varieties  of  Haplostiche  and  Cuneolina  are  found  living  off  the 
Barbados  in  100  fathoms.  They  may  live  at  lesser  depths  in  the  same 
region,  but  are  not  present  in  very  shallow  water  of  the  tropics,  so 
far  as  records  are  available.  Cuneolina  is  also  abundant  in  similar  or 
lesser  depths  in  the  colder  water  off  the  Atlantic  Coast  of  the  eastern 
United  States,  although  no  published  records  give  this.  The  data 
above  given,  therefore,  suggest  that,  if  the  depth  were  slight,  the  water 
conditions  were  cooler  than  at  present.  The  presence  of  Orbiculina 
and  other  Miliolidse  in  very  small  quantities  and  a  lack  of  Polystomella 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES. 


29 


also  seem  to  indicate  that  the  Bowden  was  deposited  at  a  considerable 
depth,  even  if  it  was  less  than  100  fathoms. 
The  revised  list  of  Bowden  species  follows : 

List  of  species  of  fossil  Foraminif era  from  Bowden,  Jamaica. 


Psammosphaera  fusca  Schultze. 
Haplostiche  dubia  var.  dubia  v.  Brk. 
Haddonia  minor  Chapman. 
Texularia  barrettii  Jones  &  Parker. 
Cuneolina  pavonia  d'Orb. 
Cuneolina  pavonia  var.  angusta,  n.  var. 
Bulimina  ovata  d'Orb. 
Nodosaria  vertebralis  Batsch. 
Frondicularia  alata  d'Orb. 
Cristellaria  calcar  Linn. 

bowdenensis,  n.  sp. 

italica  (Defr). 

gemmata  H.  B.  Brady. 
Globigerina  bulloides  d'Orb. 

rubra  d'Orb. 

sacculifera,  H.  B.  Brady 


Globigerina  subcretacea  Chapman. 
Spaeroidina  dehiscens  var.  immatura,  n.  var. 
Discorbis  allomorphinoides  (Reuss) . 
Truncatulina  praecincta  Karrer. 
Gypsina  vesicularis  (Parker  &  Jones). 

globulus  var.  pilaris  (H.  B.  Brady). 
Pulvinulina  sagra  d'Orb. 
Amphistegina  lessonii  d'Orb. 
Quinqueloculina  auberiana  d'Orb. 

parkeri  var.  bowdenensis, 

n.  var. 
Triloculina  brongniartiana  d'Orb. 

tricarinata  d'Orb. 
Vertebralina  striata  d'Orb. 
Orbiculina  compressa  d'Orb. 


CUBA. 


The  Cuban  collections  are  mainly  from  about  Guantanamo  Bay, 
Santiago,  and  Matanzas.  Most  of  the  material  obtained  near  Santiago 
is  from  the  manganese  mines,  and  contains  a  great  number  of  individ- 
uals and  several  species  of  Orthophragmina,  which  seems  clearly  to  be  of 
Eocene  age.  The  collections  from  near  Guantanamo  are  rich  in  Lepi- 
docyclina  and  evidently  represent  deposits  of  Oligocene  age.  A  richly 
fossiliferous,  foraminiferal  marl  from  near  Matanzas,  of  Miocene  age, 
yielded  30  species  of  smaller  Foraminif  era,  a  list  of  which  is  given.  The 
table  on  page  30  shows  the  distribution  at  the  different  stations  of  the 
larger  and  more  important  species  from  the  eastern  end  of  the  island 
about  Santiago  and  Guantdnamo. 

Some  of  the  Eocene  species  seem  to  be  related  to  those  of  St.  Bartho- 
lomew and  the  exposure  near  David,  Panama. 

List  of  species  from  U.  S.  G.  S.  Sta.  3461,  marl  gorge  of  Yumuri  River,  Matanzas,  Cuba. 


Textularia  cf.  T.  candeiana  d'Orb. 
Bolivina  limbata  H.  B.  Brady. 

punctata  d'Orb. 

lobata  var.  cubensis,  n.  var. 
Verneuilina  spinulosa  Reuss. 
Virgulina  punctata  d'Orb. 
Gaudryina  triangularis  Cushman. 
Cassidulina  subglobosa  H.  B.  Brady. 
Uvigerina  cf.  U.  canariensis. 
Globigerina  bulloides  d'Orb. 

subcretacea  Chapman. 
Orbulina  universa  d'Orb. 
Pullenia  obliqueloculata  Parker  &  Jones. 
Anomalina. 
Truncatulina  lobatula  Walk.  &  Jac. 


Siphonina  TetitHjlata  (Czjzek). 

pulchra,  n.  sp. 
Pulvinulina. 

sagra  d'Orb. 

Planorbulina  retinaculata  Parker  &  Jones. 
Discorbis  saulcii  d'Orb. 
Polystomella  lanieri  d'Orb. 
sagra  d'Orb. 
Nonionina  cf.  N.  asterizans  F.  &   M. 

grateloupi  d'Orb. 

sloanii  d'Orb. 

Amphistegina  lessonii  d'Orb. 
Quinqueloculina  sp. 
Biloculina  cf.  B.  bulloides  d'Orb. 


30 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 


Distribution  of  other  Cuban  Foraminifera  according  to  stations  at  which  found. 


X 

CO 

t- 

35 

iO 

t~ 

s 

X 

s 

t^ 

00 

K 

§ 

o 

c<> 

0 

cc 

0 

0 
0 

X 

10 

o> 

0 

s 

s 

ro 

s 

X 

3 

1 

i 

co 

s 

t>. 

!0 

X 
0 

O5 

0 

i 

0 

8 

0 

S3 

0 

s 

0 

3 

o 

Ortnophragiiiina  cubensis^ 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

subtaramellei1 

V 

x? 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

sculpturata1 

V 

crassa1  

V 

V 

V 

V 

x 

V 

V 

y 

pustulata* 

V 

V 

Lepidocyclina  crassata* 

V 

V 

V 

V 

perundosa* 

V 

subraulinii* 

V 

V 

morgani2 

V 

V 

? 

f 

V 

V 

schlumbergeri3  .  . 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

rnarginata' 

V 

? 

V 

V 

V 

•> 

V 

V 

sumatrensis* 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

canellei  var.  yur- 
nagunensi  s* 

V 

Linderina?  sp.? 

V 

V 

V 

Carpenteria  proteus1. 

V 

americana1  

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

Conulites  americana1  

V 

V 

Y 

X 

Textularia  cf  T    agglutinata5 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

1  New  species. 


2  Lemoine  and  R.  Douville. 


3  Michellotti. 


4  Brady. 


6d'Orbigny. 


ASTRORHIZID^:. 
Psammosphaera  fusca  F.  £.  Schulze. 

Psammosphcera  fusca  F.  E.  Schulze,  II  Jahr.  Comm.  wiss.  Unt.  deutsch.  Meer  in  Kiel,  p.  113, 
plate  2,  figs.  8  a  to  /,  1875;  H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9. 
p.  249,  plate  18,  figs.  1,  5  to  8  (not  2  to  4),  1884. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Test  spherical,  composed  of  a  single  layer  of  sand  grains  held  together  by  a 
grayish  cement,  exterior  rough,  aperture  consists  only  of  the  interstitial  spaces. 
Diameter  up  to  2  mm. 

Specimens  from  Bowden  seem  referable  to  this  species. 

LITUOLID^E. 

Haplostiche  dubia  (d'Orbigny)  var.  intermedia  (Vanden  Broeck). 
(Plate  6,  Figures  1  to  4.) 

Lituola  soldanii  Jones  and  Parker  var.  intermedia  Vanden  Broeck,  Ann.  Soc.  Belg.  Micr., 

vol.  2,  p.  74,  plate  2,  figs.  1,  3,  4,  6,  1876. 
Lituola  soldanii  Jones  and  Parker,  Ann.  Soc.  Mai.  Belg.,  vol.  11,  p.  98,  1876;  Hill,  Bull. 

Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  vol.  34,  p.  147,  1899. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  variety: 

Test  elongate,  subcylindrical,  tapering  gradually  from  the  broad  apertural 
end  to  the  almost  pointed  initial  end,  chambers  numerous,  10  to  12,  hemi- 
spherical, the  proximal  portion  overlapping  the  preceding  chamber,  sutures 
excavated,  chambers  in  a  linear  series  with  a  straight  axis  or  often  curved  or 
sharply  bent  toward  the  distal  end ;  wall  composed  of  agglutinated  sand  grains 
with  occasional  tests  of  other  Foraminifera;  aperture  terminal,  central,  usually 
somewhat  dendritic;  interior  of  chamber  labyrinthic,  in  transverse  section 
showing  the  subdivisions  arranged  in  radial  manner. 

Length  up  to  6  mm. 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  31 

This  is  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  and  commonest  of  the  Foram- 
inifera  of  the  Bowden  marl.  It  was  recorded  by  Jones  and  Parker  as 
Lituola  soldanii  Parker  and  Jones,  and  it  is  in  Hill's  list  as  Haplostiche 
soldanii  (Parker  and  Jones). 

The  variety  differs  from  the  typical  form  of  the  species  in  its  much 
more  distinct  chambers,  more  elongate  tapering  form,  and  in  the 
curious  tendency  to  a  bending  of  the  axis  toward  the  apertural  end. 

Vanden  Broeck  described  this  variety  from  recent  material  dredged 
in  84  fathoms  off  the  Barbados.  I  have  seen  some  of  these  specimens 
and  they  are  apparently  identical  with  those  from  Bowden. 

Haddonia  minor  Chapman. 
Haddonia  minor  Chapman,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.,  Zoology,  vol.  28,  p.  384,  plate  36,  figs.  1,  2,  1902. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  attached  at  least  by  the  earlier  chambers,  afterward  growing  erect  or 
in  a  vermiform  manner;  the  earlier  chambers  often  triserial,  later  ones  variable; 
wall  roughened  somewhat;  aperture  horseshoe-shaped. 

Length  2  to  4  mm. 

Two  specimens  from  the  Bowden  marl  seem  very  close  to  this  species, 
described  by  Chapman  from  Funafuti  Atoll.  This  is  not  a  surprising 
distribution,  as  many  things  found  in  the  Tertiary  of  the  West  Indies 
are  represented  by  allied  forms  now  living  in  the  Indo-Pacific. 

TEXTULARHD^E. 

Textularia  barrettii  Jones  and  Parker. 
(Plate  6,  Figures  5  to  7.) 

Textularia  barrettii  Jones  and  Parker,  Report  Brit.  Assoc.,  Newcastle  Meeting,  p.  80  and  p. 
105,  1863;  Ann.  Soc.  Mai.  Belg.,  vol.  11,  p.  99,  woodcut,  1876;  Hill,  Bull.  Mus. 
Comp.  ZooL,  vol.  34,  p.  147,  1899. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  broadly  conical,  circular  or  somewhat  compressed  in  end  view,  the 
compression  parallel  to  the  line  of  union  between  the  series  of  chambers, 
exterior  smoothly  finished,  wall  of  fine  arenaceous  material  with  a  grayish 
cement,  sutures  fairly  distinct  but  not  depressed,  apertural  end  with  the  line 
between  the  last-formed  chambers  depressed,  trough-like,  nearly  straight, 
the  central  third  slightly  excavated  at  the  aperture,  which  is  long  and  low; 
interior  of  the  aperture  often  denticulate,  showing  slightly  at  the  surface; 
chambers  labyrinthic  within,  the  divisions  radially  arranged  in  transverse 
section. 

Length  of  fossil  specimens  up  to  3  mm. 

This  species  is  recorded  from  Bowden  by  Jones  and  Parker  and  by 
Hill.  It  is  rather  a  common  and  conspicuous  species,  but  as  far  as  I 
have  seen  does  not  reach  the  dimensions  of  recent  specimens  from  the 
same  general  region. 

In  HnTs  list  of  species  identified  by  Dr.  R.  M.  Bagg  is  Textularia 
trochus  d'Orbigny.  I  have  failed  to  find  specimens  of  this  species, 


32 


GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 


although  the  younger  specimens  of  T.  barrettii  often  resemble  T. 
trochus  in  contour,  but  the  surface  characters  of  the  two  are  distinctive, 
as  well  as  the  size,  T.  trochus  not  usually  exceeding  a  millimeter  in 
length.  The  later  chambers  of  T.  barrettii  also  tend  to  assume  a  defi- 
nitely cylindrical  shape  which  is  also  distinctive. 

Textularia  species  cf.  T.  candeiana  d'Orbigny. 

Textularia  candeiana  d'Orbigny,  in  De  la  Sagra,  Hist.  Fis.  Pol.  Nat.  Cuba,"  Foraminiferes," 
p.  143,  plate  1,  figs.  25  to  27,  1839;  Cushman,  Bull.  71,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  part  2, 
p.  12,  figs.  14  to  17,  1911. 

A  single  specimen  from  station  3461,  marl,  gorge  of  Yumurf  River, 
Matanzas,  Cuba,  collected  by  T.  W.  Vaughan,  seems  to  be  the  young 
of  this  species.  The  material  of  the  test,  however,  has  little  agglu- 
tinated particles,  consisting  largely  of  clear  shell  material.  The  species 
was  described  by  d'Orbigny  from  sands  of  Cuba,  but  it  is  common  in 
shallow  waters  in  the  Indo-Pacific  region. 

Textularia  species. 
(Plate  5,  Figure  7.) 

A  single  sectioned  specimen  of  Textularia  was  found  in  a  slide  from 
U.S.G.S.  No.  6894,  southwest  side  of  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.  It  is 
elongate,  composed  of  about  25  chambers.  It  is  apparently  the 
microspheric  form,  as  the  early  chambers  are  arranged  in  an  irregularly 
spiral  manner.  In  general  its  shape  suggests 
T.  agglutinata  or  some  related  species,  but  de- 
terminations based  on  the  section  alone  are 
practically  valueless.  The  occurrence  of  the 
genus,  however,  should  be  noted  both  for  corre- 
lation work  and  in  order  that  the  species  may 
be  looked  for  by  others  working  on  the  material 
from  the  same  locality  at  a  later  time. 

A  somewhat  similar  form  occurs  in  the  Cuban 
material  from  several  stations.  It  is  a  form  which 
is  here  figured. 

Textularia  species  cf.  T.  agglutinata  d'Orbigny. 
(Figure  1.) 


There  is  a  large  species  of  Textularia  that  occurs 
in  the  thin  sections  of  material  from  a  number  of  the 
Cuban  stations.  It  is  made  up  evidently  of  rather 
coarse  sand  grains,  elongate,  somewhat  decreasing 
in  diameter  toward  the  apertural  end.  In  general 
characters  it  is  like  T.  agglutinata  d'Orbigny. 

As  it  is  so  large  and  striking  a  species,  it  has  been  used  here  to  check 
up  certain  of  the  Cuban  stations  in  the  table. 


FIG.  1.— Textularia  cf. agglu- 
tinata d'Orbigny.  Lon- 
gitudinal section.  X  35. 
Specimen  from  station 
7516,  west  end  of  Los 
M  clones  Mountain.Cuba. 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  33 

The  species  occurs  in  material  from  the  following  stations  in  Cuba, 
collected  by  O.  E.  Meinzer:  7512,  Ocujal;  7513,  orbitoidal  limestone, 
outcrop  where  Palmer  Trail  joins  Ocujal  Trail;  7516,  west  end,  Los 
Melones  Mountain;  7521,  limestone,  top  of  Mogote  Peak;  7543,  lime- 
stone outcrop,  east  side  of  Yateras;  and  7548,  flexure,  2  miles  south  of 
Yurnaguna. 

This  is  very  similar  to  the  specimen  figured,  plate  5,  figure  7,  from 
Anguilla. 

Bolivina  punctata  d'Orbigny. 

Bolivina,  punctata  d'Orbigny,  Voyage  Amer.  Merid.,  vol.  5,  plate  5,  "Foraminiferes,"  p.  63, 
plate  8,  figs.  10  to  12,  1839;  H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9, 
p.  417,  plate  52,  figs.  18,  19,  1884. 

One  specimen  was  found  in  marl  from  station  3461,  gorge  of  Yumuri 
River,  Matanzas,  Cuba,  collected  by  T.  W.  Vaughan.  It  is  referred 
to  this  species,  although  the  name  Bolivina  punctata  has  had  so  many 
different  forms  of  smooth  Bolivina  placed  under  it  that  it  means  little 
until  a  close  study  can  be  made  of  some  of  the  various  species  now 
passing  under  that  name. 

This  same  species  was  found  in  the  Miocene  Gatun  formation  of  the 
Panama  Canal  Zone. 

Bolivina  lobata  H.  B.  Brady  var.  cubensis,  new  variety. 
(Plate  14,  Figure  1.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  variety: 

Test  elongate,  biserial,  somewhat  compressed,  chambers  of  the  earlier 
portion  close,  those  of  the  later  portions  more  distinct  and  somewhat  separated, 
sutures  deep  and  distinct,  somewhat  thickened,  apertural  end  obliquely 
truncated;  chambers  with  the  walls  more  or  less  granular,  the  outer  margin 
extended  into  elongate  processes  in  most  of  the  chambers,  outline  lobate; 
aperture  elongate,  oval,  with  a  broad  lip  and  a  sharply  defined  border. 

Length,  0.50  mm. 

Type  specimen  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328176)  from  station  3461,  marl  from 
gorge  of  Yumuri  River,  Matanzas,  Cuba,  collected  by  T.  W.  Vaughan. 

The  type  form  of  the  species  was  described  by  Brady  from  off  New 
Guinea,  and  I  have  seen  specimens  of  it  obtained  between  Midway 
Island  and  Guam.  The  variety  above  described  differs  in  its  much 
more  spinose  appearance  and  its  broader  aperture  with  a  flaring  collar- 
like  lip. 

Bolivina  limbata  H.  B.  Brady. 

Bolivina  limbata  H.  B.  Brady,  Quart.  Journ.  Micr.  Sci.,  vol.  21,  p.  57,  1881;  Rep.  Voy. 
Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  419,  plate  52,  figs.  26-28,  1884. 

This  species  is  represented  by  a  single  specimen  from  station  3461, 
from  marl,  gorge  of  Yumuri  River,  Matanzas,  Cuba,  collected  by  T.  W. 
Vaughan.  As  a  recent  species  it  is  most  abundant  in  the  Indo-Pacific 
region,  although  widely  distributed  elsewhere  in  smaller  numbers. 


34    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

Cuneolina  pavonia  d'Orbigny. 
(Plate  7,  Figure  1.) 

Cuneolina  pavonia  d'Orbigny,  Foram.  Foss.  Vienne,  p.  253,  plate  21,  figs.  50  to  52,  1846; 
Cours  616m.  Pal6ont.,  etc.,  vol.  1,  p.  203,  fig.  30,  1849;  vol.  2,  plate  2,  p.  648,  fig. 
526,  1852;  Carpenter,  Parker,  and  Jones,  Introd.  Foram.,  p.  193,  plate  12,  fig.  17, 
1862;  Jones  and  Parker,  Ann.  Soc.  Mai.  Belg.,  vol.  11,  p.  98,  1876;  Schwager,  Boll. 
R.  Com.  Geol.  Ital.,  vol.  8,  p.  26,  plate,  fig.  61,  1877;  Hill,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
vol.  34,  p.  147,  1899. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  strongly  compressed  in  a  plane  parallel  to  that  of  the  junction  between 
the  chambers,  which  are  biserially  arranged,  nearly  as  wide  as  long,  the 
sutures  appearing  at  the  narrow  sides  of  the  test,  outline  from  the  flattened 
side  triangular,  the  apertural  end  broad  and  slightly  convex,  initial  end 
pointed,  in  side  view  test  narrow  with  nearly  parallel  sides,  chambers  slightly 
inflated,  sutures  slightly  depressed,  wall  arenaceous  with  an  abundance  of 
cement,  smoothly  finished  exteriorly;  aperture  extending  nearly  the  entire 
width  of  the  test,  divided  into  a  series  of  smaller  circular  or  elliptical  openings 
by  prolongations  of  the  apertural  wall. 

Length  up  to  4  mm.  or  slightly  more;  breadth  equal  to  the  length. 

This  is  one  of  the  commonest  and  most  striking  of  the  Bowden 
species.  D'Orbigny's  figure  shows  a  specimen  fully  as  broad  as  long 
and  from  its  early  stages  being  very  broad.  In  the  Bowden  material 
there  are  two  forms  which,  although  they  vary  somewhat,  seem  never- 
theless worthy  of  distinction. 

Cuneolina  pavonia  d'Orbigny  var.  angusta,  new  variety. 
(Plate  7,  Figure  2.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  variety: 

Test  differing  from  the  typical  in  its  much  narrower  form,  the  length 
usually  twice  the  width,  slightly  thicker  than  the  typical,  the  chambers 
occasionally  showing  a  tendency  toward  an  angle  in  the  center. 

Length  up  to  5  mm.  or  more. 

This  narrower  variety  is  much  more  common  than  the  broader 
typical  form.  Vanden  Broeck  did  not  record  it  from  his  material  off 
Barbados,  but  it  occurs  in  considerable  numbers  there  in  100  fathoms 
with  Haplostiche  dubia  var.  intermedia  Vanden  Broeck  and  other  species. 
It  is  also  met  with  rather  frequently  off  our  eastern  coast,  although  it  is 
practically  unrecorded  as  a  recent  species. 

Verneuilina  spinulosa  Reuss. 

Verneuilina  spinulosa  Reuss,  Denkschr.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  vol.  1,  p.  374,  plate  47,  fig.  12, 
1850;  H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  384,  plate  47,  figs. 
1  to  3,  1884. 

The  species  is  represented  by  a  single  specimen,  very  typical  in  all 
its  characters,  from  station  3461,  from  marl,  gorge  of  Yumuri  River, 
Matanzas,  Cuba,  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collector. 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  35 

Gaudryina  triangularis  Cushman. 
Gaudryina  triangularis  Cushman,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Bull.  71,  part  2,  p.  65,  fig.  104,  1911. 

A  single  specimen  from  station  3461,  marl,  from  gorge  of  Yumurf 
River,  Matanzas,  Cuba,  collected  by  T.  W.  Vaughan,  is  very  similar 
to  this  species  described  from  the  Pacific.  It  was  found  as  a  fossil  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  Culebra  formation  in  the  Panama  Canal  Zone. 

Bulimina  ovata  d'Orbigny. 
Bulimina  ovata  d'Orbigny,  Foram.  Foss.  Bass.  Tert.  Vienne,  p.  185,  plate  11,  figs.  13, 14, 1846. 

A  single  specimen  from  Bluff  2,  Cercado  de  Mao,  which  is  rather 
too  elongate  for  this  species,  but  in  the  absence  of  more  material  it  is 
referred  here  questionably.  Under  this  name  Jones  and  Parker  record 
a  single  specimen  from  the  Bowden  marl  measuring  2  mm.  in  length. 
I  have  not  been  able  to  find  it  in  the  Bowden  material  I  have  examined. 

Virgulina  punctata  d'Orbigny. 

Virgulina  punctata  d'Orbigny,  in  De  la  Sagra,  Hist.  Fis.  Pol.  Nat.  Cuba,  "  Foraminiferes,"  p. 
139,  plate  1,  figs.  35,  36,  1839. 

This  species,  described  by  d'Orbigny  in  the  Cuba  monograph,  has 
been  referred  to  but  once  since.  Specimens  in  the  material  from 
station  3461,  marl  from  the  gorge  of  the  Yumuri  River,  Matanzas, 
Cuba,  collected  by  T.  W.  Vaughan,  in  their  outline  and  form  of  the 
chambers  are  almost  identical  with  the  figure  given  by  d'Orbigny. 

Cassidulina  subglobosa  H.  B.  Brady. 

Cassidulina  subglobosa  H.  B.  Brady,  Quart.  Journ.  Micr.  Sci.,  vol.  21,  p.  60,  1881;  Rep.  Voy. 
Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  430,  plate  54,  figs.  17  a  to  c,  1884;  Cushman,  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  Bull.  71,  part  2,  p.  98,  figs.  152  a  to  c,  1911. 

A  specimen  that  has  an  aperture  like  that  of  this  species,  but  with  the 
whole  test  somewhat  more  compressed,  was  found  in  the  material 
from  station  3461,  marl  from  gorge  of  Yumuri  River,  Matanzas,  Cuba, 
collected  by  T.  W.  Vaughan.  This  species  is  practically  unknown  in 
the  fossil  state. 

LAGENID^:. 

Nodosaria  vertebralis  (Batsch). 
(Plate  7,  Figures  3  to  5.) 

Nautilus  (Orthoceras)  vertebralis  Batsch,  Conch.  Seesandes,  p.  3,  No.  6,  plate  2,  figs.  6  a,  b, 

1791. 
Nodosaria  vertebralis  H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  514,  plate  63, 

fig.  35;  plate  64,  figs.  11  to  14,  1884;  Flint,  Rep.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  p.  312,  plate  57, 

fig.  5,  1897  (1899) ;  Cushman,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Bull.  71,  part  3,  p.  60,  plate  32, 

fig.  1,  1913. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  elongate,  slender,  somewhat  tapering  to  the  almost  pointed  initial  end, 
straight  or  more  often  somewhat  arcuate,  chambers  numerous,  little  inflated, 
sutures  between  the  chambers  of  clear  shell  material  appearing  darker  than 
the  main,  more  opaque  chamber  walls;  surface  with  a  few  longitudinal  costae, 


36    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

prominent,  and  little  affected  by  the  individual  chambers,  running  uninter- 
ruptedly from  one  end  of  the  test  to  the  other;  specimens,  when  complete, 
with  a  short  spine  at  the  initial  end;  aperture  radiate,  slightly  produced. 
Length  up  to  7.5  mm. 

This  species  is  a  common  one  in  the  Carribbean  and  Gulf  of  Mexico 
at  the  present  time  and  in  the  Pacific  tropical  regions  as  well.  Its  main 
characteristics  are  the  clear  sutural  areas  between  the  chambers  and 
the  slightly  curved  elongate  test.  Although  by  no  means  common, 
well-developed  specimens  are  found  occasionally  in  the  material  from 
Bowden.  Jones  and  Parker  record  Nodosaria  raphanistrum  Linn6 
from  the  Bowden  marl,  and  probably  this  is  the  same  as  recorded  here 
as  N.  vertebralis.  In  Hill's  list  of  species  identified  by  Bagg  no  Nodo- 
saria appears,  but  Vaginulina  legumen  (Linne").  Possibly  this  may 
have  been  a  specimen  of  N.  vertebralis.  Jones  and  Parker  also  record 
single  specimens  referred  to  Dentalina  acicula  Lamarck  and  Vaginulina 
striata  d'Orbigny.  Both  of  these  and  their  N.  raphanistrum  are  given 
as  5.25  mm.  in  length,  and  it  is  a  question  if  they  are  not  perhaps  all 
N.  vertebralis.  In  all  the  material  I  have  examined  the  only  Nodo- 
sarian  specimens  I  have  seen  may  all  be  referred  to  N.  vertebralis. 

Nodosaria  species.  • 

(Figure  2,  a  and  6.) 

In  the  sections  2  specimens  of  Nodosaria  occur,  one  showing  3,  the 
other  4  chambers.  They  are  small,  of  fairly  uniform  diameter,  and 
may  represent  a  small,  few-chambered  species  or  may  be  the  young  of 
some  larger  species,  although  if  the  latter  the  adults  were  not  observed. 

FIG.  2. — Longitudinal  sections  of  either  young  or  few-chambered  speci- 
mens of  Nodosaria.  Figure  a,  four-chambered  specimen  from  station 
7519,  drift  near  top  of  landslide  next  north  of  Los  Melones  Mountain, 
Cuba.  Fig.  b,  three-chambered  specimen  from  station  7513,  lime- 
stone outcrop  where  Palmer  Trail  joins  Ocujal  Trail,  Cuba. 

The  stations  are  7513,  orbitoidal  limestone,  outcrop  where  Palmer 
Trail  joins  Ocujal  Trail  and  7519,  from  drift  near  top  of  landslide  next 
north  of  Los  Melones;  both  collected  by  O.  E.  Meinzer. 

Frondicularia  alata  d'Orbigny. 
(Plate  8,  Figure  1.) 

"Nautili  candiformes"  Soldani,  Testaceographia,  vol.  2,  p.  13,  plate  1,  fig.  c,  1798. 
Frondicularia  alata  d'Orbigny,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  vol.  7,  p.  256,  No.  2,  1826.     Parker,  Jones,  and 

H.  B.  Brady,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  ser.  4,  vol.  8,  p.  161;  plate  10,  fig,  66,  1871; 

H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  522,  plate  65,  figs.  20  to  23; 

plate  66,  figs.  3  to  5,  1884. 
Frondicularia  alata  d'Orbigny  var.  lanceolata  Vanden  Broeck,  Ann.  Soc.  Belg.  Micr.,  vol.  2, 

p.  117,  plate  2,  fig.  13,  1876. 
Frondicularia  complanata  Jones  and  Parker  (not  Defrance),  Ann.  Soc.  Mai.  Belg.,  vol.  11, 

p.  98,  1876. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Test  flattened,  in  outline  triangular,  the  chambers  at  the  initial  end  form- 
ing nearly  a  straight  base,  apertural  end  bluntly  pointed,  chambers  of  nearly 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  37 

uniform  width  throughout,  initial  end  usually  with  several  short,  blunt, 
conical  spines  extending  backward,  usually  best  developed  at  the  angles  and 
near  the  proloculum. 
Length  up  to  7  mm. 

Jones  and  Parker  recorded  2  specimens  in  their  early  list,  "one 
elliptical,  and  another  oval."  In  the  material  I  have  seen  there  are 
several  specimens  showing  considerable  variation.  The  most  common 
form  is  that  figured  by  Vanden  Broeck  as  var.  lanceolate  and  referred 
to  above.  In  the  fossil  specimens  spinosity  of  the  basal  margin  is 
even  more  marked,  in  some  cases  as  many  as  3  short  spines  appearing 
from  the  proloculum  alone  and  occasionally  in  pairs  one  behind  the 
other  in  front  view.  These  may  appear  at  various  parts  of  the  basal 
margin.  Besides  this  common  form  there  are  a  few  specimens  more 
like  Vanden  Broeck's  var.  sagittula  (e.  c.,  plate  2,  figs.  12,  14),  and  one 
at  least  which  closely  resembles  the  form  described  by  him  as  F. 
complanata  var.  concinna  (op.  cit.,  plate  3,  fig.  2).  In  general  the  series 
is  not  unlike  that  of  recent  material  from  the  Carribbean  and  Gulf  of 
Mexico. 

Cristellaria  calcar  (Linne)  var.  aspinosa,  new  variety. 
(Plate  6,  Figure  8.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  variety: 

Test  small,  close-coiled,  biconvex,  umbonate,  smooth,  sutures  not  depressed, 
peripheral  margin  acute,  with  a  distinct  but  very  narrow  carina  with  a  very 
slight  knob-like  spine  opposite  each  chamber. 

Diameter  about  0.75  mm. 

Type  specimen  from  the  Miocene  Bowden  marl,  Jamaica  (U.  S.  N.  M. 
No.  328177). 

This  is  very  close  to  the  typical  form  of  C.  calcar  as  figured  (Cushman, 
Bull.  71,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  part  3,  plate  32,  figure  4),  but  the  spines  in 
the  Bowden  specimens  are  nearly  obsolete.  These  are  not  broken 
spines,  but  are  really  shortened  and  knob-like  or  almost  wanting.  It 
is  rare  in  the  Bowden  material. 

Cristellaria  bowdenensis,  new  species. 
(Plate  8,  Figure  2.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Test  comparatively  large,  much  compressed,  chambers  long  and  narrow, 
broadening  somewhat  toward  the  periphery,  sutures  gently  curved;  peri- 
pheral margin  with  a  thin  keel  of  medium  width  prolonged  at  irregular  inter- 
vals into  a  series  of  rowel-like  spines,  short,  rounded  near  the  base,  and 
apparently  having  little  relation  to  the  chambers;  surface  of  the  chambers 
smooth,  the  sutures  typically  raised,  limbate,  with  a  series  of  tubercles  run- 
ning from  the  umbilical  area  to  the  periphery;  aperture  somewhat  back  from 
the  periphery  in  the  last-formed  chambers,  really  terminal  in  the  young,  and 
early  chambers  peripheral,  stellate. 

Diameter  up  to  4  mm. 


38    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

Type  specimen  from  the  Miocene  Bowden  marl,  Jamaica  (U.  S.  N.  M. 
No.  328178). 

This  is  a  fairly  common  species  at  this  locality  and  is  the  one  from 
Bowden  referred  to  by  various  authors  as  Cristellaria  calcar.  It  is  not 
typical  C.  calcar  and  seems  to  be  distinctive  in  its  size,  form,  and 
ornamentation.  The  nearest  approach  to  it  is  perhaps  the  form 
described  from  the  Carribbean  by  Goes  (Kongl.  Svensk.  Vet.  Akad. 
Handl.,  vol.  19,  No.  4,  p.  49,  plate  3,  figs.  3,  50,  51,  1888)  under  the 
name  Nodosarina  crepidula  var.  cassis  (Fichtel  and  Moll). 

Cristellaria  gemmata  H.  B.  Brady. 

Cristellaria  gemmata  H.  B.  Brady,  Quart.  Journ.  Micr.  Soc.,  vol.  21,  p.  64,  1881;  Rep.  Voy. 
Chatten^er,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  554,  plate  71,  figs.  6,  7,  1884. 

A  single  very  typical  specimen  of  this  species  was  obtained  from  the 
Bowden  marl,  Bowden,  Jamaica.  Brady's  records  of  its  occurrence  as 
a  recent  species  include  the  Fiji  Islands,  Torres  Strait,  and  the  Philip- 
pines. 

Cristellaria  italica  (Defrance). 

Saracenaria  italica  Defrance,  Diet.  Sci.  Nat.,  vol.  32,  p.  177,  1824;  vol.  47,  p.  344;  Atla3 

Conch.,  plate  13,  fig.  6. 

Cristellaria  (Saracenaria)  italica  d'Orbigny,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  vol.  7,  p.  293,  1826. 
Cristellaria  italica  Parker,  Jones,  and  H.  B.  Brady,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  ser.  3,  vol.  16,  pp. 

21,  31,  plate  1,  figs.  41,  42,  1865;  Jones  and  Parker,  Ann.  Soc.  Mai.  Belg.,  vol.  11, 

p.  98,  1876;  H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  544,  plate  68, 

figs.  17,  18,  20,  23,  1884. 

Jones  and  Parker,  in  their  list  of  species  from  the  Bowden  marl, 
record  a  single  specimen  of  this  species,  measuring  about  6  mm.  in 
length.  That  is  about  the  size  of  large  recent  specimens  from  this 
same  general  region.  I  have  not  found  the  species  in  the  material  I 
have  examined  from  the  Bowden,  but  it  occurs  in  material  from  the 
Panama  Canal  Zone. 

Polymorphina  species. 
(Plate  8,  Figure  4.) 

In  the  sections  from  station  7664,  north  slope  La  Piedra,  northeast  of 
Jamaica,  northeast  of  Quanta"  namo,  collected  by  N.  H.  Dart  on,  there 
are  specimens  of  a  large  species  of  Polymorphina,  with  fairly  thick 
walls.  One  of  these  is  figured  in  the  reference  given  above. 

GLOBIGERINIDJS. 
Globigerina  bulloides  d'Orbigny. 

Globigerina  bulloides  d'Orbigny,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  vol.  7,  p.  277,  No.  1,  1826;  in  Barker,  Webb, 
and  Berthelot,  Hibt.  Nat.  Isles  Canaries,  "Foraminiferes,"  p.  132,  plate  2,  figs.  1, 
3,  28,  1839;  Foram.  Foss.  Bass.  Tert.  Vienne,  p.  163,  plate  9,  figs.  4,  6,  1846;  H.  B. 
Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  593,  plate  77,  plate  79,  figs.  3  to 
7,  1884. 

A  few  specimens  of  this  common  species  occur  in  the  Bowden, 
Jamaica,  material,  accompanied  as  usual  by  some  specimens  which 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM  THE   WEST   INDIES.  39 

may  be  referred  to  variety  triloba  Reuss.    A  few  specimens  were  also 
obtained  in  material  from  Bluff  3,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 
This  species  occurs  in  the  Miocene  both  of  Panama  and  the  Coastal 
Plain  of  Florida  and  Virginia. 

Globigerina  rubra  d'Orbigny. 

Globigerina  rubra  d'Orbigny,  in  De  la  Sagra,  Hist.  Fis.  Pol.  Nat.  Cuba,  1839,  Foraminiferes, 
p.  94,  plate  4,  figs.  12  to  14;  H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9, 
p.  602,  plate  79,  figs.  11  to  16,  1884. 

A  single  specimen  was  found  which  seems  referable  to  this  common 
species  so  characteristic  of  the  Caribbean  region.  It  is  from  Jamaica, 
from  the  Bowden  marl. 

Globigerina  sacculifera  H.  B.  Brady. 

Globigerina  helicina  Carpenter  (not  G.  helicina  d'Orbigny),  Intr.  Foram.,  plate  12,  fig.  11, 1862. 
Globigerina  sacculifera  H.  B.  Brady,  Geol.  Mag.,  Dec.  2,  vol.  4,  p.  535,  1877;  Rep.  Voy.  Chal- 
lenger, Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  604,  plate  80,  figs.  11  to  17,  plate  82,  fig.  4,  1884. 

One  or  two  specimens  are  very  evidently  this  common  species,  so 
common  in  Globigerina  ooze  of  recent  ocean  bottoms,  but  almost 
unknown  as  a  fossil  species.  They  occurred  in  the  Bowden  marl  from 
Jamaica. 

Globigerina  subcretacea  Chapman. 

Globigerina  cretacea  H.  B.  Brady  (not  G.  cretacea  d'Orbigny),  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology, 

vol.  9,  p.  596,  plate  82,  fig.  10,  1884. 
Globigerina  subcretacea  Chapman,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.,  Zoology,  vol.  28,  p.  410,  plate  36,  figs. 

16  a,  b,  1902. 

A  single  specimen  of  this  species  was  obtained  in  the  material  from 
Bowden,  Jamaica. 

Globigerina  inflata  d'Orbigny. 

Globigerina  inflata  d'Orbigny,  in  Barker,  Webb,  and  Berthelot,  Hist.  Nat.  lies  Canaries, 
"Foraminiferes,"  p.  134,  plate  2,  figs.  7  to  9,  1839. 

A  few  specimens  from  Zone  I,  Rio  Cana,  and  also  from  both  Bluffs 
2  and  3,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo.  It  is  also  known  from  the 
Miocene  of  the  Panama  Canal  Zone. 

Globigerina  conglobata  H.  B.  Brady. 

Globigerina  conglobata  H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  603,  plate  80, 
figs.  1  to  5,  1884. 

A  single  typical  specimen  from  Bluff  3,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo 
Domingo.  The  species  also  occurs  in  the  Miocene  of  the  Panama  Canal 
Zone. 

Globigerina  species. 
(Plate  5,  Figure  13.) 

A  small  species  of  Globigerina  in  the  section  illustrated,  reminding 
one  of  G.  cequilateralis,  occurs  at  U.  S.  G.  S.  No.  6924  from  limestone 
point  on  northwest  side  of  St.  Jean  Bay,  St.  Bartholomew.  As  the 
sections  do  not  give  the  entire  form  it  is  impossible  to  identify  it 
specifically  with  any  certainty. 


40    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

Globigerina  species. 
(Plate  8,  Figure  3.) 

A  small  species  of  Globigerina  is  very  common  in  the  sections  of 
rock  specimens  from  Cuba.  It  occurred  at  station  7513,  orbitoidal 
limestone,  outcrop  where  Palmer  Trail  joins  Ocujal  Trail;  station  7516, 
west  end,  Los  Melones;  and  station  7521,  limestone,  top  of  Mogote 
Peak;  all  collected  by  O.  E.  Meinzer.  The  figured  specimen  which 
seems  to  be  the  same  is  from  station  7664,  north  slope  La  Piedra, 
northeast  of  Jamaica,  northeast  of  Quanta"  namo,  collected  by  N.  H. 
Darton. 

Orbulina  universa  d'Orbigny. 

Orbulina  universa  d'Orbigny,  in  Barker,  Webb,  and  Berthelot,  Hist.  Nat.  lies  Canaries 
"Foraminiferes,"  p.  123,  plate  1,  fig.  1,  1839. 

Single  specimens  occurred  in  material  from  Zone  A,  Rio  Gurabo, 
and  Bluff  2,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo.  It  is  known  also  from 
the  Miocene  of  the  Panama  Canal  Zone. 

Sphaeroidina  dehiscens  Parker  and  Jones  var.  immature,  new  variety. 
(Plate  14,  Figure  2.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  variety: 

Test  exteriorly  composed  almost  entirely  of  two  visible  chambers,  with  a 
small  portion  of  a  third  sometimes  slightly  showing;  chambers  spherical,  walls 
coarsely  perforate,  suture  between  the  chambers  very  slightly  fissure-like  on 
opposite  sides,  otherwise  closed  and  simply  depressed. 

Diameter  0.4  to  0.5  mm. 

All  of  the  specimens  from  the  Bowden  marl  seem  to  belong  to  this 
species,  but  they  are  very  constant  in  having  the  characters  only 
slightly  developed,  the  usual  separation  of  the  chambers  being  barely 
indicated  and  the  division,  instead  of  being  a  deep-cut  fissure,  is  merely 
a  simple  cut  in  the  central  part  of  the  sutural  region  at  either  side.  The 
specimens  also  are  very  small,  but  are  uniform  in  size  and  in  general 
characters.  A  number  of  specimens  were  obtained. 

Pullenia  obliqueloculata  Parker  and  Jones. 

Pullenia  obliqueloculata  Parker  and  Jones,  Philos.  Trans.,  vol.  155,  p.  368,  plate  19,  figs.  4  a, 
6,  1865;  H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  618,  plate  84,  figs. 
16  to  20,  1884;  Flint,  Rep.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1897,  p.  324,  plate  70,  fig.  6  (1899); 
Cushman,  Bull.  71,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  part  4,  p.  22,  plate  10,  fig.  3;  plate  12,  figs. 
2,  3,  1914. 

This  species  is  very  rare  in  the  marl  from  station  3461,  gorge  of 
Yumuri  River,  Matanzas,  Cuba,  collected  by  T.  W.  Vaughan.  It  is  a 
very  rare  species  in  the  fossil  state. 

ROTALIIDJE. 
Discorbis  orbicularis  (Terquem). 

Discorbina  orbicularis  (Terquem),  H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  647, 
plate  98,  figs.  4  to  8,  1884. 

A  single  specimen  was  found  in  the  material  from  Bluff  3,  Cercado 
de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  41 

Discorbis  saulcii  (d'Orbigny). 

Rosalina  saulcii  d'Orbigny,  Foram.  Amer.  Merid.,  p.  42,  plate  2,  figs.  9  to  11,  1839. 
Discorbina  saulcii  Parker  and  Jones,  Quart.  Journ.  Geol.  Soc.,  vol.  28,  p.  156,  1872;  H.  B. 
Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  653,  plate  91,  figs.  6  a  to  c,  1884. 

Most  of  the  records  for  this  species  are  from  the  Pacific.  The 
specimens  from  station  3461,  marl,  gorge  of  Yumuri  River,  Matanzas, 
Cuba,  collected  by  T.  W.  Vaughan,  are  very  similar  to  the  published 
figures. 

Discorbis  allomorphinoides  (Reuss). 

Valvulina  allomorphinoides  Reuss,  Sitz.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  vol.  40,  p.  223,  plate  11,  fig.  6, 1860. 
Discorbina  allomorphinoides  H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  654,  plate 
91,  figs.  5  and  8,  1884. 

Several  specimens  from  the  Bowden  marl,  Bowden,  Jamaica,  are 
very  close  to  Brady's  figures,  especially  plate  91,  figure  5  in  the  Chal- 
lenger report,  referred  to  above.  Reuss's  material  was  from  the  Creta- 
ceous of  Westphalia,  and  I  am  not  at  all  satisfied  that  Brady  was 
justified  in  referring  the  recent  specimens  from  Torres  Strait  and  the 
Philippines  to  Reuss's  species.  It  seems  more  than  likely  that  the  Indo- 
Pacific  recent  specimens  and  those  from  the  Miocene  of  the  West  Indies 
may  be  identical,  as  there  are  numerous  other  instances  of  West  Indian 
Miocene  species  persisting  in  the  living  fauna  of  the  Indo-Pacific. 

Planorbulina  retinaculata  Parker  and  Jones. 

Planorbulina  retinaculata  Parker  and  Jones,  Phil.  Trans.,  vol.  155,  p.  380,  plate  19,  fig.  2, 1865. 

A  single  specimen  with  irregularly  placed  chambers,  very  coarsely 
perforate,  and  with  the  peripheral  spinose  character  of  the  type  figure, 
was  found  at  station  3461,  marl  from  gorge  of  Yumuri  River,  Matanzas, 
Cuba,  collected  by  T.  W.  Vaughan.  The  type  specimens  were  from  the 

tropics. 

Truncatulina  lobatula  (Walker  and  Jacob). 

Truncatulina  lobatula  (Walker  and  Jacob),  H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol. 
9,  p.  660,  plate  92,  fig.  10;  plate  93,  figs.  1,  4,  5,  1884. 

A  single  specimen  was  found  in  material  from  Bluff  3,  Cercado  de 
Mao,  Santo  Domingo.  The  later  chambers  are  somewhat  irregular, 
as  is  often  the  case  in  attached  recent  specimens.  The  species  also 
occurs  in  the  Miocene  of  South  Carolina  and  Virginia. 

Truncatulina  haidingerii  (d'Orbigny). 
Rotalina  haidingerii  d'Orbigny,  Foram.  Foss.  Bass.  Tert.  Vienne,  p.  154,  plate  8,  figs.  7  to  9, 1846. 

A  single  specimen  from  Bluff  2,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 

Truncatulina  praecincta  (Karrer). 

Rotalia  proedncta  Karrer,  Sitz.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien.,  vol.  58,  p.  189,  plate  5,  fig.  7,  1868; 

Seguenza,  Atti.  Accad.  Lincei,  ser.  3,  vol.  6,  pp.  56,  64,  1897. 
Truncatulina  prcecincta  H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  667,  plate  95, 

figs.  1  to  3,  1884. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  free,  biconvex,  dorsal  side  slightly,  ventral  side  strongly,  peripheral 
margin  bluntly  rounded,  chambers  numerous,  sutures  on  dorsal  side  oblique, 


42    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

ventrally  slightly  curved,  line  between  the  whorls  clearly  marked  by  a  raised 
rounded  ridge  of  clear  shell  material,  sutures  ventrally  marked  in  a  similar 
manner,  strongest  toward  umbilicus,  where  they  often  unite  in  a  raised  ring; 
aperture  elongate,  in  the  middle  of  the  ventral  side  next  to  the  previous  whorl. 
Diameter  about  1  mm. 

Several  specimens  of  this  species  were  found  in  the  Bowden  material 
from  Jamaica.  It  is  a  species  which  as  a  recent  one  is  practically  con- 
fined to  tropical  and  subtropical  regions.  It  was  described  by  Karrer 
from  the  Miocene  of  the  Banat  region  of  Hungary  and  has  been 
recorded  from  the  Miocene  and  Pliocene  of  Italy  by  several  authors. 

Siphonina  reticulata  (Czjzek). 

Rotalina  reticulata  Czjzek,  Haidinger's  Nat.  Abh.,  vol.  2,  p.  145,  plate  13,  figs.  7-9,  1848. 
Siphonina  reticulata  Bronn,  Lethaea  Geognostica,  ed.  3,  vol.  3,  p.  227,  plate  35,  figs.  23  a  to 

c,  1853-1856;  Cushman,  Bull.  71,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  part  5,  p.  43,  fig.  48  (in  text), 

plate  16,  fig.  4,  plate  28,  fig.  3,  1915. 
Truncatulina  reticulata  H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  669,  plate  96, 

figs.  5  to  8,  1884. 

There  are  a  few  specimens  referable  to  this  species  in  the  marl  from 
station  3461,  gorge  of  Yumuri  River,  Matanzas,  Cuba,  collected  by 
T.  W.  Vaughan.  It  was  recorded  from  the  Miocene,  Gatun  formation, 
at  Monkey  Hill,  in  the  Panama  Canal  Zone. 

Various  forms  or  species  are  present  in  the  Tertiary  of  America  and 
need  careful  study  and  separation  rather  than  the  general  lumping 
of  all  these  under  the  one  name  of  S.  reticulata,  as  has  been  the  usual 
procedure.  The  following  species  is  very  different  and  distinct. 

Siphonina  pulchra,  new  species. 
(Plate  14,  Figures  7  a  to  c.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  in  front  view  nearly  circular,  rotaliform,  composed  of  numerous  cham- 
bers in  several  whorls,  in  end  view  much  compressed,  widest  in  the  central 
region.  Thence  gradually  tapering  to  the  subacute  periphery;  chambers 
usually  about  5  to  each  whorl,  indistinct,  except  the  last-formed  chamber, 
which  is  somewhat  more  clearly  defined  by  the  slightly  depressed  suture, 
those  of  the  other  chambers  being  even  with  the  surface  and  very  indistinct; 
aperture  exsert,  with  a  short  neck  extending  out  from  the  periphery,  passing 
into  a  broadly  flaring  lip  with  a  distinct,  extended  border,  aperture  itself 
narrowly  elliptical,  several  times  as  long  as  wide;  wall  of  test  of  a  darker  gray 
with  markings  of  a  lighter  color,  those  of  the  center  rounded,  those  toward  the 
periphery  more  linear;  diameter  about  1  mm. 

Type  specimen  from  Cuba,  station  3461,  in  marl  from  gorge  of 
Yumuri  River,  near  Matanzas. 

This  is  a  much  larger  species  than  the  other  of  the  same  genus  that 
occurs  with  it  and  here  referred  to  S.  reticulata.  S.  pulchra  has  no 
fimbriated  periphery  and  practically  no  keel,  which  with  its  larger  size 
and  peculiar  ornamentation  will  serve  to  distinguish  it. 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES. 


43 


Conulites  americana,  new  species. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  conical,  height  about  two-thirds  the  width  at  the  base,  apex  broadly 
rounded,  base  slightly  convex,  peripheral  angle  subacute,  the  peripheral 
region  standing  out  somewhat  from  the  general  conical  mass  of  the  rest  of  the 
test;  early  chambers  spirally  arranged,  later  ones  annular,  exterior  of  test  in 
section  tubular,  central  portion  made  up  of  irregularly  curved  chambers,  more 
or  less  irregularly  divided  into  labyrinthic  subdivisions;  surface  fairly  smooth. 

Diameter  at  base  slightly  less  than  2  mm. 

Type  specimen  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328179),  section  from  station  6902, 
southeast  section  of  southwest  side  of  island  near  Negre  Point,  ele- 
vation 360  feet,  St.  Bartho- 
lomew, Leeward  Islands. 
Sectioned  specimens  were  also 
observed  in  material  from  the 
following  stations  in  Cuba: 
3448,  limestone 
from  hillside  south 
of  Panupo  man- 
ganese mine,  La 
Maya,  near  Santi- 
ago, collected  by  T. 
W.Vaughan;3478, 
Nuevitas,  collected 
by  A.  C.  Spencer; 
7666,  from  Sierra 
Guaso,  northeast 
of  Guantanamo,  collected  by  N.  H.  Darton. 

This  is  similar  to  the  C.  cegyptiensis  Chapman  from  the  Eocene  of 
Egypt  and  Italy,  but  differs  in  its  general  proportions  and  in  the 
flange-like  extension  of  the  peripheral  border  at  the  base. 

Gypsina  vesicularis  (Parker  and  Jones). 

Orbitolina  vesicularis  Parker  and  Jones,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  ser.  3,  vol.  6,  p.  31,  No.  5, 1860. 
Tinoporus  vesicularis  Carpenter,  Introd.  Foram.,  p.  224,  plate  15,  figs.  1  to  4,  1862;  Parker 

and  Jones,  Ann.  Soc.  Mai.  Belg.,  vol.,  11,  p.  98,  1876. 
Gypsina  vesicularis  Carter,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  ser.  4,  vol.  20,  p.  173,  1877;  H.B.Brady, 

Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  718,  plate  101,  figs.  9  to  12,  1884;  Hill, 

Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  vol.  34,  p.  147,  1899. 

Parker  and  Jones  and  also  Hill  record  this  species  from  the  Bowden 
marl  of  Jamaica,  but  I  have  failed  to  find  it  in  that  I  have  examined. 
Parker  and  Jones  mention  a  single  specimen,  4.75  mm.  in  size. 

Gypsina  inhaerens  (Schultze). 

Gypsina  inhcerens  (Schultze)  H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  718,  plate 
102,  figs.  1  to  6,  1884. 

Specimens  which  are  evidently  of  this  species  were  collected  at  three 
stations:  several  specimens  at  Bluff  3,  Cercado  de  Mao;  rare  at  Bluff 
2,  Cercado  de  Mao;  and  Zone  H,  Rio  Cana,  Santo  Domingo. 


FIG.  3. — Conulites  americana,  new  species.  Vertical  section  show- 
ing coarser  structure  and  outer  layer  with  fine  tubules.  X  35. 
Specimen  from  station  6902,  St.  Bartholomew,  Leeward  Islands. 


44    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

Gypsina  globulus  (Reuss). 

(Plate  4,  Figure  7.) 

Ceriopora  gldbulus  Reuss,  Haidinger's  Nat.  Abh.,  vol.  2,  1847,  p.  33,  plate  5,  fig.  7. 
Gypsina  globulus  H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  717,  plate  101,  fig.  8, 
1884. 

In  the  material  from  U.  S.  G.  S.  No.  6966,  southwest  shore  of  Cro- 
cus Bay,  Anguilla,  occasional  specimens  occur  which  seem  to  belong 
to  this  species.  A  median  section  of  a  small  specimen  is  shown  here. 
There  does  not  seem  to  be  the  definite  radial  arrangement  of  chambers 
that  is  usually  the  case  in  the  fossil  specimens  of  this  species.  I  have 
the  species  in  fossil  condition  from  Santo  Domingo.  Two  specimens 
were  found  at  Bluff  2  and  a  single  one  at  Bluff  3,  Cercado  de  Mao. 

Gypsina  globulus  (Reuss)  var.  pilaris  (H.  B.  Brady). 

(Plate  9,  Figures  1,  2.) 

Tinoporus  pilaris  H.  B.  Brady,  Ann.  Soc.  Mai.  Belg.,  vol.  11,  p.  103,  1876. 
Gypsina  globulus  Hill,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  vol.  34,  p.  147,  1899. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  variety: 

Test  spherical,  comparatively  large,  exterior  appearing  smooth,  but  when 
magnified  showing  an  areolate  surface  due  to  the  walls  of  the  chambers;  wall 
calcareous,  perforate;  chambers  in  radial  columns  increasing  in  diameter  from 
the  center  to  the  periphery. 

Diameter  up  to  4  mm.  or  more. 

Brady  described  this  variety  as  a  species  of  Tinoporus  from  the 
Miocene  of  Jamaica.  It  is  probably  the  most  conspicuous  species  and 
is  very  abundant  in  the  Bowden  material.  The  variety  differs  from 
typical  G.  globulus  mainly  hi  size,  the  typical  having  a  much  smaller 
test.  Plate  9,  figure  2,  gives  a  general  idea  of  the  internal  structure  of 
the  test. 

There  are  specimens  from  station  3446,  first  deep  cutting  on  railroad 
east  of  La  Cruz,  near  Santiago,  Cuba,  collected  by  T.  W.  Vaughan, 
which  in  size,  shape,  and  general  characters  seem  very  close  to  this 
variety.  The  internal  structure,  as  far  as  it  is  preserved,  seems  also 
to  be  identical  with  the  Bowden  material.  The  geologic  occurrence  of 
these  specimens  is  in  the  Miocene  La  Cruz  marl. 

Gypsina  species. 

Sectioned  specimens  from  3  stations  in  Cuba  showed  what  seem  to  be 
sections  of  Gypsina.  They  are  associated  in  each  case  with  Lepidocy- 
clina  and  Carpenteria.  The  stations  are  7513,  outcrops  where  Palmer 
Trail  joins  Ocujal  Trail;  7521,  limestone  in  place,  top  of  Mogote  Peak; 
and  7522,  also  Mogote  Peak;  collected  by  O.  E.  Meinzer. 

Pulvinulina  sagra  (d'Orbigny). 

Rotalina  sagra  d'Orbigny,  in  De  la  Sagra,  Hist.  Fis.  Pol.  Nat.  Cuba,  "Foraminif feres,"  p.  77, 
plate  5,  figs.  13  to  15,  1839. 

Specimens  from  the  Bowden  marl,  Bowden,  Jamaica,  and  from 
station  3461,  marl  from  the  gorge  of  Yumuri  River,  Matanzas,  Cuba, 
collected  by  T.  W.  Vaughan,  seem  to  be  identical  with  the  species 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  45 

described  by  d'Orbigny  from  Cuba  in  1839.  The  exact  proportions 
and  relations  of  the  chambers  that  are  shown  in  d'Orbigny's  figures  are 
found  in  the  fossil  specimens.  The  species  is  known  from  the  Miocene 
of  Florida  and  Virginia,  and  probably  occurs  in  Panama  as  well.  It  is 
a  common  species  in  the  Indo-Pacific. 

Rotalia  species. 
(Plate  8,  Figure  6.) 

A  small,  close-coiled,  rotaliform  species  with  mimerous  chambers  in 
each  volution  occurs  at  a  number  of  the  Cuban  stations,  as  follows: 
7512,  Ocujal;  7513,  orbitoidal  limestone,  outcrop  where  Palmer  Trail 
joins  Ocujal  Trail;  7516,  west  end,  Los  Melones  Mountain;  7519,  from 
drift  near  top  of  landslide  next  north  of  Los  Melones;  and  7543,  lime- 
stone outcrop,  east  side  of  Yateras;  all  collected  by  O.  E.  Meinzer. 

Asterigerina  carinata  d'Orbigny. 

Asterigerina  carinata  d'Orbigny,  in  De  la  Sagra,  Hist,  Fis.  Pol.  Nat.  Cuba,  1839,  "Foramin- 
iferes,"  p.  118,  plate  5,  fig.  25,  plate  6,  figs.  1,  2. 

A  very  typical  specimen  came  from  Bluff  2,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo 

Domingo. 

Asterigerina  angulata,  new  species. 

(Plate  13,  Figure  1.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  free,  rotaliform,  dorsal  side  very  slightly  convex,  ventral  side  high, 
acutely  angled  at  the  peripheral  edge  but  not  carinate ;  last-formed  whorl  with 
typically  about  15  chambers;  sutures  on  the  dorsal  side  obliquely  recurved, 
of  clearer  material  than  the  chamber  walls,  occasionally  with  a  slight  bead- 
like  enlargement  on  the  inner  border,  earlier  whorls  slightly  exposed  and  the 
umbonate  region  with  a  transparent  clear  area;  ventral  side  with  the  sutures 
ending  in  an  angle  about  midway  between  the  center  and  the  periphery,  from 
which  a  secondary  chamber  is  developed  to  the  umbilical  region,  alternating 
with  the  main  chambers;  umbilical  region  solid,  of  clearer  shell  material; 
aperture  rather  long  and  narrow  at  the  inner  margin  of  the  ventral  face; 
surface  granular  or  slightly  papillate,  especially  about  the  aperture. 

Average  diameter  1.5  to  2  mm. 

Specimens  of  Asterigerina  angulata  are  frequent  or  abundant  at  the 
four  stations — Zones  H  and  I,  Rio  Cana,  and  Bluffs  2  and  3,  Cercado 
de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 

It  is  thicker  species  than  A.  carinata  d'Orbigny;  and  it  has  an  acute 
but  not  carinate  angle  and  nearly  double  the  number  of  chambers. 

Asterigerina  rotundata,  new  species. 
(Plate  13,  Figure  2.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  free,  rotaliform,  biconvex,  dorsal  side  less  convex  than  the  ventral, 
peripheral  angle  broadly  rounded;  last-formed  coil  with  15  to  18  chambers; 
sutures  on  the  dorsal  side  gently  recurved,  slightly  limbate,  earlier  whorls 
exposed  and  forming  nearly  half  the  width  of  the  dorsal  side  of  the  test 


46    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

ventral  side  with  the  sutures  very  similar  to  those  of  A.  angulata;  the  umbilicate 
region  solid,  with  clearer  shell  material;  surface  of  test  granular  throughout, 
opaque,  causing  the  sutures  on  both  sides  to  be  indistinct;  aperture  ventral, 
elongate. 
Diameter,  1  to  1.25  mm. 

This  species  was  found  in  considerable  numbers  at  Zone  G,  Rio 
Gurabo,  Santo  Domingo.  It  differs  from  A.  angulata  in  its  rounded 
periphery,  granular,  opaque  surface,  broadly  rounded  ventral  side, 
and  inconspicuous  sutures. 

Asterigerina  tuberculata,  new  species. 
(Plate  13,  Figures  3,  4.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Test  free,  rotaliform,  biconvex,  becoming  truncate  and  short  cylindical, 
peripheral  angle  in  young  subangular,  becoming  rounded  in  the  adult,  outline 
regular  in  the  early  stages,  in  the  adult  becoming  lobed,  especially  in  the  last 
few  chambers;  dorsal  surface  rather  flat,  slightly  convex,  conspicuously  pitted 
or  scrobiculate,  last-formed  coil  narrow,  making  only  the  extreme  peripheral 
portion  in  the  adult  on  the  dorsal  side;  ventral  side  with  large  tubercles  or 
knobs  developed  near  the  peripheral  border,  remainder  of  surface  with  coarse 
granulations;  in  some  specimens  the  height  of  the  test  equals  its  diameter  and 
the  ventral  and  dorsal  sides  are  nearly  parallel;  the  periphery  high  and 
flattened  to  make  a  short  cylindical  test;  sutures  as  typical  in  the  genus; 
aperture  ventral,  narrow. 

Diameter  up  to  2  mm. 

Specimens  were  obtained  from  Zone  I,  Rio  Cana,  and  a  single  one 
from  Zone  3,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 

This  is  a  peculiarly  ornamented  and  shaped  species,  the  change  in 
outline  during  development  being  very  marked,  as  is  the  very  strongly 
tuberculate  ornamentation. 

Carpentaria  americana,  new  species. 


FIG.  4. — Carpenteria  americana  new  species.  Transverse  section  of  a  specimen  showing  deeply- 
pitted  surface  of  shell  tissue  surrounding  chambers.  X  35.  From  station  7518, 
south  side,  near  west  end,  Los  Melones  Mountain,  Cuba. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  attached,   composed  of  several  subglobular  chambers  forming  an 
irregular  Globigerina-like  mass,  the  base  conforming  to  the  object  to  which 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE   WEST    INDIES. 


47 


it  is  attached,  the  rest  of  the  test  in  an  irregular  rounded  mass;  chambers 
rounded,  thick-walled,  with  numerous  coarse,  tubular  perforations. 
Diameter  2  to  3  mm. 

Distribution. — Specimens  referable  to  this  species  occurred  in  the 
sectioned  material  from  the  following  stations  in  Cuba:  7513,  outcrops 
where  Palmer  Trail  joins  Ocujal  Trail;  7518,  south  side  near  west  end, 
Los  Melones  Mountain;  7521,  limestone  in  place,  Mogote  Peak;  7522, 
also  Mogote  Peak,  collected  by  0.  E. 
Meinzer;  and  at  7664,  north  slope  La 
Piedra,  northeast  of  Jamaica,  north- 
east of  Guantanamo,  collected  by 
N.  H.  Barton. 

Carpentaria  proteus,  new  species. 
(Plate  5,  Figure  3.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of 
this  species : 

Test  composed  of  a  few  subglobular 
chambers,  the  smaller  end  attached,  the 
later  chambers  larger  and  extending 
upward,  forming  a  roughly  club-shaped 
column,  walls  thick  but  rather  finely 
perforate,  the  exterior  comparatively 
smooth. 

Length  2  to  3  mm. 

Type  specimen  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No. 
328180),  section  from  station  6921, 
Governor's  Bay,  point  between  the 
bay  and  Grand  or  N£gre  Point, 
St.  Bartholomew,  collected  by  T. 
W.  Vaughan.  It  was  also  collected 
at  6924,  from  bed  of  limestone  on 
point  on  northwest  side  of  St.  Jean 
Bay,  St.  Bartholomew,  and  6895,  spur 
on  southeast  side  of  cay  northwest  of  St.  Jean  Bay,  170  feet  above  sea- 
level,  both  collected  by  T.W.  Vaughan.  In  the  last  two  stations  it  occurs 
in  association  with  Orthophragmina.  A  similar  form  occurs  in  Cuba,  sta- 
tion 7666,  from  Sierra  Guaso,  northeast  of  GuanUnamo,  collected  by  N. 
H.  Darton,  again  in  association  with  Orthophragmina.  It  is  also  very 
similar  to  a  specimen  obtained  at  station  6512,  Panama,  limestone  in 
river-bed  at  David,  which  specimen  is  also  associated  with  Ortho- 
phragmina. 

Linderina  species. 
(Plate  8,  Figures  7  and  8.) 

A  few  sectioned  specimens  which  seem  to  represent  Foraminifera 
belonging  to  this  genus  occur  in  association  with  Conulites  americana 


FIG.  5. — Carpenteria  americana,  new  sp. 
A  longitudinal  section  through  a  well- 
developed  specimen,  longest  part  of 
figure  representing  basal  portion  of 
specimen.  X  50.  From  station  7513, 
limestone  outcrop  where  Palmer  Trail 
joins  Ocujal  Trail.  Cuba. 


48    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

at  the  three  stations  in  Cuba,  as  follows :  Station  3448,  limestone  from 
hillside  south  of  Panupo  manganese  mine,  La  Maya,  near  Santiago,  col- 
lected by  T.  W.  Vaughan;  3478,  Nuevitas,  collected  by  A.  C.  Spencer; 
and  7666,  Sierra  Guaso,  northeast  of  Guantanamo,  collected  by  N.  H. 
Darton.  It  was  also  obtained  at  station  6125,  railroad  cut  near  San 
Nicolas  manganese  mine,  west  of  San  Luis,  by  C.  W.  Hayes.  The  two 
figured  specimens  give  only  a  somewhat  general  idea  of  the  sections. 

At  each  of  the  three  stations  there  is  an  association  of  Linderinaf, 
Conulites,  and  Orthophragmina,  three  genera  usually  associated  with 
the  Eocene.  Linderina  is,  so  far  as  known,  an  Eocene  genus,  recorded 
from  England  and  Belgium,  from  Celebes,  Borneo,  and  the  Loo  Choo 
Islands. 

A  somewhat  similar  form  occurs  at  station  6512,  Panama,  river-bed 
at  David. 

NUMMULITID^:. 
Nonionina  grateloupi  d'Orbigny. 

Nonionina  grateloupi  d'Orbigny,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  vol.  7,  p.  294,  1826;  in  De  la  Sagra,  Hist. 
Fis.  Pol.  Nat.  Cuba,  "Foraminiferes,"  p.  46,  plate  6,  figs.  6,  7,  1839. 

Specimens  identical  with  d'Orbigny 's  figures  were  found  in  the  Cuban 
material,  station  3461,  marl,  gorge  of  Yumuri  River,  Matanzas,  col- 
lected by  T.  W.  Vaughan,  and  a  single  specimen  in  Doctor  Maury's 
material  from  Santo  Domingo,  Bluff  3,  Cercado  de  Mao. 

Nonionina  sloani  d'Orbigny. 

Nonionina  sloani  d'Orbigny,  in   De  la  Sagra,  Hist.  Fis.  Pol.  Nat.  Cuba,  "Foraminiferes," 
p.  46,  plate  6,  fig.  18,  1839. 

This  species  was  found  in  the  Cuban  material,  station  3461,  marl, 
gorge  of  Yumuri  River,  Matanzas,  collected  by  T.  W.  Vaughan,  and 
a  single  specimen  in  Doctor  Maury's  material  from  Bluff  2,  Cercado 
de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 

Nonionina  species  cf.  N.  asterizans  (Fichtel  and  Moll). 

Nautilus  asterizans  Fichtel  and  Moll,  Test.  Micr.,  p.  37,  plate  3,  figs,  e  to  h,  1803. 
Pulmnulus  asterizans  Lamarck,  Tab.  Encycl.  et  Method.,  plate  23,  plate  466,  figs.  10  a  to  d, 

1816. 
Nonionina  asterizans  Parker  and  Jones,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  ser.  2,  vol.  19,  p.  287,  plate  11, 

figs.  20,  21,  1857. 

A  specimen  from  station  3461,  marl  from  gorge  of  Yumuri  River, 
Matanzas,  Cuba,  collected  by  T.  W.  Vaughan,  has  many  of  the  charac- 
ters of  this  species,  but  differs  in  the  smaller  amount  of  the  umbilical 
projections  and  rounder  outline  from  the  published  figures.  It  is 
referred  here  provisionally. 

Nonionina  species. 
(Plate  5,  Figure  11;  Plate  8,  Figure  5.) 

Occasional  specimens  occur  in  the  sections  as  shown  in  the  figure, 
apparently  sections  of  a  small  species  of  Nonionina.  The  specimen 
illustrated  by  plate  5,  fig.  11,  is  from  Anguilla,  U.S.G.S.  No.  6894, 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE    WEST   INDIES.  49 

southwest  side  of  Crocus  Bay.  Sections,  plate  8,  fig.  5,  which  also 
seem  to  be  Nonionina  occur  in  the  material  from  station  6117  from 
the  band  of  limestone,  hill  east  of  railroad  and  south  of  Cristo,  near 
Santiago,  C.  W.  Hayes,  collector. 

Polystomella  sagra  (d'Orbigny). 

Rotalina  sagra  d'Orbigiiy,  in  De  la  Sagra,  Hist.  Fis.  Pol.  Nat.  Cuba,  "Foraminiferes,"  p.  77, 
plate  5,  figs.  13  to  15,  1839. 

A  single  specimen  very  exactly  fitting  the  figure  given  by  d'Orbigny 
was  obtained  in  material  from  Bluff  2,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 
It  was  also  found  in  the  marl  from  station  3461,  gorge  of  Yumuri 
River,  Matanzas,  Cuba,  collected  by  T.  W.  Vaughan.  It  was  also  found 
in  the  Miocene  material  from  Panama  Canal  Zone. 

Polystomella  lanieri  d'Orbigny. 

Polystomella  lanieri  d'Orbigny,  in  De  la  Sagra,  Hist.  Fis.  Pol.  Nat.  Cuba,  "Foraminiferes," 
p.  54,  plate  7,  figs.  12,  13,  1839. 

Specimens  showing  very  little  variation  and  almost  precisely  like 
the  figure  given  by  d'Orbigny  occur  in  both  Zones  H  and  I,  Rio  Cana, 
and  Bluffs  2  and  3,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo.  Brady,  in  the 
Challenger  Report,  places  this  species  as  a  synonym  of  Polystomella 
crispa  Linne,  but  these  fossil  specimens  are  very  different  from  the 
typical  P.  crispa  and  are  exactly  like  the  figure  of  P.  lanieri  given  by 
d'Orbigny.  In  fact,  most  of  our  specimens  might  have  been  taken  for 
the  illustration,  so  close  are  the  essential  details.  It  certainly  seems 
that  this  is  a  valid  species  and  one  common  in  the  Tertiary  and  perhaps 
the  recent  seas  of  the  West  Indies. 

Very  typical  material  was  also  obtained  at  station  3461,  marl  from 
gorge  of  Yumuri  River,  Matanzas,  Cuba,  collected  by  T.  W.  Vaughan. 

Polystomella  striatopunctata  (Fichtel  and  Moll). 

Polystomella  striatopunctata  (Fichtel  and  Moll),  H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology, 
vol.  9,  p.  733,  plate  109,  figs.  22,  23,  1884. 

Two  specimens,  rather  more  compressed  and  rounded  in  side  view 
than  usual,  are  here  assigned  to  this  rather  overworked  species.  It  has 
become  the  habit  to  place  under  this  species  almost  any  Polystomella 
which  has  short  and  simple  depressions  close  to  the  suture.  The 
specimens  are  from  Bluff  3,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 

Heterostegina  antillea,  new  species. 
(Plate  2,  Figure  1,  6;  Plate  5,  Figures  1,  2.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  compressed,  unequally  lenticular,  umbo  excentric,  somewhat  thicker 
than  the  remainder  of  the  test,  surface  over  the  septal  lines  slightly  raised  in 
a  series  of  somewhat  papillate  ribs,  area  between  granular;  chambers  regularly 
curved,  divided  into  numerous  chamber-lets. 

Diameter  up  to  6  mm.  or  more. 

Type  specimens  from  U.  S.  G.  S.  No.  6869,  Long  Island,  Antigua. 
The  vertical  sections,  plate  5,  figure  1,  which  are  probably  the  same 


50    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

species  are  from  U.  S.  G.  S.  No.  6854,  Rifle  Butts,  Antigua,  and  the 
horizontal  section,  plate  5,  figure  2,  from  the  same  station.  At  this 
latter  station  the  specimens  are  very  numerous,  making  up  a  large 
proportion  of  the  rock. 

It  may  be  noted  here  that  the  material  under  No.  6854  is  of 
two  kinds,  as  some  of  the  hand  specimens  are  made  up  almost  entirely 
of  Heterostegina  and  are  of  a  slightly  pinkish  tinge,  while  others  are 
white  and  are  made  up  almost  entirely  of  Lepidocydina. 

Heterosteginoides  antillea,  new  species. 
(Plate  5,  Figures  5,  6.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Test  small,  irregularly  lenticular,  surface  somewhat  papillate,  in  vertical 
section  the  central  line  of  chambers  slightly  irregular,  the  lateral  chambers 
piled  in  vertical  rows  in  some  specimens,  in  others  variously  placed. 

Diameter  2  to  3  mm.  or  more. 

Type  specimens  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328181)  from  U.  S.  G.  S.  No.  6965, 
lowest  10  to  15  feet  of  fossiliferous  marls,  southwest  shore  of  Crocus 
Bay,  Anguilla.  At  this  station  the  species  is  very  abundant,  making 
up  a  large  part  of  the  rock.  Specimens  also  are  numerous  at  6966,  same 
locality,  30  to  50  feet  above  sea-level,  and  at  6894,  Anguilla. 

This  is  more  regular  than  its  relative,  H.  panamensis  Cushman,  from 
the  Canal  Zone,  although  the  figured  specimen,  plate  5,  figure  6,  is 
more  than  usually  regular. 

Amphistegina  lessonii  d'Orbigny. 

(Plate  7,  Figure  7.) 

In  the  Bowden  marl  there  are  two  distinct  forms,  possibly  species, 
of  Amphistegina.  One  of  these  is  large,  about  3  mm.  in  diameter,  thick, 
the  lower  side  very  granular,  the  sutures  very  obscure.  The  other 
is  about  half  the  diameter,  flatter,  both  sides  fairly  smooth,  a  few 
granules  about  the  aperture,  the  sutures  very  distinct.  Both  these 
forms  are  abundant  in  the  Bowden  marl  of  Jamaica. 

Amphistegina  lessonii  d'Orbigny,  variety. 

Specimens  of  a  very  thin,  biconvex  form  of  this  species,  with  the 
last-formed  whorl  making  the  entire  surface  of  the  test,  that  is  com- 
pletely involute,  occur  abundantly  at  Zone  A,  Rio  Gurabo,  Santo 
Domingo. 

Amphistegina  lessonii  d'Orbigny,  evolute  variety. 

A  large  evolute  variety  of  Amphistegina  is  common  at  Zone  I,  Rio 
Cana,  and  both  Bluffs  2  and  3,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 

The  status  of  the  various  species  or  varieties  of  Amphistegina  is  very 
unsatisfactory.  They  form  a  very  common  constituent  of  our  Tertiary 
deposits  and  are  often  very  decided  and  constant  in  their  characters, 
especially  in  fossil  material. 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE    WEST   INDIES.  51 

Nummulities  antillea,  new  species. 
(Plate  4,  Figures  1,  2.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  large,  much  compressed,  only  partially  involute,  the  last  coil  broad 
and  thin,  surface  with  the  suture  lines  raised,  evenly  curved,  with  a  trace  of 
papillate  ornamentation  along  the  ribs,  peripheral  margin  somewhat  thickened 
and  rounded. 

Diameter  15  to  18  mm.  or  more. 

Type  specimens  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328182)  fromU.  S.  G.  S.  station  6924, 
from  bed  of  limestone  at  top  of  described  section,  point  on  northwest 
side  of  St.  Jean  Bay,  St.  Bartholomew,  collected  by  T.  W.  Vaughan. 
At  this  station  specimens  are  abundant.  The  sectioned  specimen, 
plate  4,  figure  2,  which  seems  to  represent  a  young  or  the  central  por- 
tion of  this  species,  is  from  U.  S.  G.  S.  No.  6895,  spur  on  southwest 
side  of  cay  northwest  of  St.  Jean  Bay,  St.  Bartholomew,  170  feet  above 
sea-level.  It  may  be  noted  that  Orthophragmina  occurs  at  both  of 
these  stations,  although  not  the  same  species.  A  few  of  the  equatorial 
chambers  of  Orthophragmina,  probably  0.  antillea,  may  be  noted  in 
the  upper  right-hand  corner  of  figure  2. 

This  seems  to  be  one  of  the  larger  of  our  American  species  of  Num- 
mulites. 

Nummulites  parvula,  new  species. 

(Plate  4,  Figures  3  to  6.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  small,  closely  involute,  increase  in  breadth  of  test  slight  with  each 
coil,  sutures  simple,  slightly  curved,  test  rather  evenly  lenticular,  biconvex, 
chambers  thick-walled,  usually  consisting  of  4  or  5  coils. 

Diameter  up  to  4  mm. 

Type  specimen  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328183)  from  U.  S.  G.  S.  station  6903, 
220  feet  above  sea-level,  N.  67°  E.  from  summit  of  Negre  Point,  across 
low  saddleback  of  point,  St.  Bartholomew.  The  vertical  sections  may 
not  represent  this  species,  although  they  are  very  similar,  but  some- 
what smaller.  They  are  all  from  St.  Bartholomew;  plate  4,  figures 
4,  5,  from  U.  S.  G.  S.  No.  6924,  from  bed  of  limestone  top  of  section, 
point  on  northwest  side  of  St.  Jean  Bay;  figure  6  from  6921,  point 
between  Governor's  Bay  and  Nigre  Point. 

Nummulites  species. 

In  the  Cuban  material  species  of  Nummulites  occasionally  occur, 
but  are  abundant  at  only  one  station.  From  station  3567,  lowermost 
100  feet  of  Tertiary  running  in  above  serpentine,  northwest  of  Recreo, 
Matanzas  Province,  Cuba,  collected  by  A.  C.  Spencer,  Nummulites  is 
very  common,  but  the  species  have  not  been  identified.  This  abun- 
dance with  accompanying  species  of  Orthophragmina  and  absence  of 
Lepidocyclina  would  seem  strongly  to  indicate  the  Eocene  age  of  this 
particular  material. 


52    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

Orthophragmina  cubensis,  new  species. 
(Plate  9,  Figure  3;  Plate  10,  Figures  2  to  4.) 


(riate  y,  Figure  6;  nate  lu,  Figures  z 
The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

I^/iO'f    ow*oll       1^T"fc4'  i  siiil  n  >»      rtfi»/»Til  m*      />rf*\VY^fM"k'i*ri-f  Trr^lir   •fV^ir*' 


Test  small,  lenticular,  circular,  comparatively  thick,  thickness  in  the  center 
greatest,  about  three-fifths  the  diameter,  circular,  gradually  thinning  toward 
the  periphery,  but  without  a  definite  border,  periphery  rounded ;  surface  with 
numerous  rather  large  papillae  in  the  center,  gradually  growing  smaller  toward 
the  periphery. 

Vertical  sections  showing  the  general  shape  of  the  test,  which,  due  to  the 
straightness  of  the  slope  from  center  to  periphery,  makes  almost  a  diamond- 
shaped  vertical  section;  pillars  of  the  center  very  heavy,  thick,  increasing 
rapidly  in  diameter  toward  the  surface,  the  peripheral  ends  projecting  above 
the  adjacent  lateral  chambers;  equatorial  chambers  of  the  same  height,  the 
band  hardly  increasing  in  diameter  from  center  to  periphery,  very  small; 
lateral  chambers  in  vertical  columns,  up  to  20  or  more  in  a  column  in  the 
thickest  central  portion,  the  individual  chambers  at  least  4  or  5  times  as  wide 
as  high  in  section. 

Horizontal  sections  show  the  rectangular  chambers  of  the  equatorial  region 
several  times  as  long  as  wide,  the  lateral  chambers  forming  an  irregular  net- 
work about  the  sections  of  the  pillars,  often  several  columns  of  vertical  cham- 
bers between  the  pillars. 

Diameter  1.5  to  3.5  mm. 

Type  specimens  (U.S.N.M.  No.  328184)  from  station  3475,  Boston 
mine,  near  Santiago,  Cuba,  collected  by  A.  C.  Spencer. 

This  seems  to  be  a  common  Cuban  species,  occurring  in  material 
from  several  stations,  as  follows:  6117,  boulder  from  the  band  of  lime- 
stone, hill  east  of  railroad  and  south  of  Cristo,  near  Santiago,  Cuba, 
collected  by  C.  W.  Hayes,  April  1901;  6118,  limestone  near  railroad 
on  trail  to  mines  south  of  Cristo,  collected  by  C.  W.  Hayes;  6119, 
Isabella  and  Boston  manganese  mine  near  Santiago,  Cuba,  collected 
by  C.  W.  Hayes;  6120,  loose  material,  Santiago  Province,  Cuba,  exact 
locality  unknown;  6122,  greensand  limestone,  Boston  manganese  mine, 
3  miles  east  of  Cristo,  Santiago  Province,  Cuba,  collected  by  A.  C. 
Spencer;  6123,  resting  on  ore-bed  4  to  6  feet  thick,  Ponupo  manganese 
mine,  Santiago  Province,  Cuba,  collected  by  A.  C.  Spencer;  6124, 
foraminiferal  limestone,  Ponupo  manganese  mine,  Ponupo,  Santiago 
Province,  Cuba,  collected  by  R.  T.  Hill;  6125,  railroad  cut  near  San 
Nicolas  manganese  mine,  west  of  San  Luis,  Santiago  Province,  Cuba, 
collected  by  C.  W.  Hayes;  3448,  limestone  from  hillside  south  of  Ponupo 
manganese  mine,  La  Maya,  near  Santiago,  Cuba,  collected  by  T.  W. 
Vaughan;  7666,  from  Sierra  Guaso,  northeast  of  Guantdnamo,  Cuba, 
collected  by  N.  H.  Barton,  1916. 

The  embryonic  chambers  of  this  species,  so  far  as  seen,  are  unequal  in 
size  and  comparable  to  those  seen  in  the  subgenus  Nephrolepidina 
of  Lepidocyclina,  the  larger  one  kidney-shaped  and  partially  embracing 
the  smaller. 

In  its  general  characters  this  species  suggests  0.  douvillei  Schlum- 
berger,  but  differs  in  several  essential  details. 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  53 

Orthophragmina  crassa,  new  species. 

(Plate  9,  Figures  4  and  5;  Plate  10,  Figures  2  and  4.) 


^naie  y,  ngures  *  ana  o,  jriate  iu,  figures 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

'"Poet   rnvrMilav     IcnrHmilaT     ^ror^r  •fVnr>V  in    r»r»1mTiaTvicn'n 


Test  circular,  lenticular,  very  thick  in  comparison  to  the  diameter,  central 
portion  broadly  convex,  thence  straight  or  even  slightly  concave  to  the  rather 
acute  periphery;  surface  fairly  smooth,  with  a  few  raised  ends  of  pillars  making 
the  surface  slightly  papillate. 

Vertical  section  shows  the  general  shape,  in  some  specimens  at  least  two- 
thirds  as  thick  as  the  diameter,  central  portion  broadly  rounded,  with  numer- 
ous large  pillars,  increasing  in  diameter  toward  the  surface,  lateral  chambers 
very  numerous,  about  three  times  as  wide  as  high,  usually  at  least  2  columns 
between  each  two  adjacent  pillars  even  in  the  center;  over  30  chambers  in  the 
center  in  some  of  the  columns  are  indicated;  equatorial  chambers  increasing 
very  slowly  in  height  toward  the  periphery,  but  more  rapidly  than  in  most 
species,  so  that  the  equatorial  band  at  the  periphery  may  be  double  the  width 
near  the  center;  embryonic  chamber  comparatively  large,  elongate  in  this 
section. 

Horizontal  section  shows  the  usual  elongate,  rectangular  equatorial  cham- 
bers; the  pillars  subpolygonal,  largest  in  the  center,  thence  smaller  toward 
the  periphery,  intermediate  lateral  chambers  irregularly  polygonal. 

Diameter  3.5  to  5.5  mm. 

Type  specimen  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328185)  from  station  6122,  greensand 
limestone,  Boston  manganese  mine,  Santiago  Province,  Cuba,  col- 
lected by  A.  C.  Spencer.  The  species  also  appears  to  be  present  at  the 
following  stations:  6123,  Ponupo  manganese  mine,  resting  on  ore-bed 
4  to  6  feet  thick,  Santiago  Province,  Cuba,  collected  by  A.  C.  Spencer; 
6124,  foraminiferal  limestone,  Ponupo  manganese  mine,  collected  by 
R.  T.  Hill;  6125,  railroad  cut  near  San  Nicolas  manganese  mine,  west 
of  San  Luis,  Cuba,  collected  by  C.  W.  Hayes;  6118,  fossil  limestone 
near  railroad,  on  trail  to  mines  south  of  Cristo,  and  6119,  Isabella  and 
Boston  manganese  mine,  Cuba,  collected  by  C.  W.  Hayes;  3475, 
Boston  mine,  near  Santiago,  Cuba,  collected  by  A.  C.  Spencer;  and 
apparently  from  6117,  bowlder  from  the  band  of  limestone,  hill  east  of 
railroad  and  south  of  Cristo,  near  Santiago,  Cuba,  collected  by  C.  W. 
Hayes. 

Orthophragmina  subtaramellei,  new  species. 
(Plate  10,  Figure  2;  Plate  15,  Figures  1  to  3.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  stellate,  usually  with  5  arms,  occasionally  6,  arms  well  distinguished 
from  the  central  body  and  extending  outward  freely;  thickest  in  the  central 
region,  thence  gradually  sloping  to  the  angles  between  the  arms,  and  gradually 
merging  into  the  median  axis  of  the  arms;  the  arms  themselves  thickest  in  the 
middle,  thence  sloping  to  the  sides,  which  are  thin  and  angled,  ends  of  the 
arms  round-pointed;  surface  with  numerous  granulations,  more  pronounced 
in  the  central  portion. 

Vertical  sections  show  the  general  shape,  the  equatorial  band  of  chambers 
increasing  slightly  if  at  all  from  the  center  to  the  periphery,  pillars  well 
developed,  especially  in  the  central  region,  but  not  numerous,  usually  several 
columns  of  lateral  chambers  between  them. 

Diameter  1.5  to  2  mm. 


54    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

Type  specimen  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328186)  from  Boston  manganese 
mine,  Santiago  Province,  Cuba.  Besides  the  type  station,  according 
to  the  sections  obtained,  the  species  evidently  also  occurs  at  the  fol- 
lowing stations:  6119,  Isabella  and  Boston  manganese  mine,  Santiago 
Province,  Cuba,  collected  by  C.  W.  Hayes;  6123,  Ponupo  manganese 
mine,  Santiago  Province,  Cuba,  resting  or  ore-bed  4  to  6  feet  thick, 
collected  by  A.  C.  Spencer;  6124,  foraminiferal  limestone,  Ponupo 
manganese  mine,  collected  by  T.  R.  Hill;  6125,  railroad  cut  near  San 
Nicolas  manganese  mine,  west  of  San  Luis,  Cuba,  collected  by  C.  W. 
Hayes;  3475,  Boston  mine,  near  Santiago,  Cuba,  collected  by  A.  C. 
Spencer;  7666,  from  Sierra  Guaso,  northeast  of  Guantdnamo,  Cuba, 
collected  by  N.  H.  Darton. 

This  species  is  very  close  to  0.  taramellei  Munier-Chalmas,  but  is 
decidedly  smaller,  all  the  species  seen  from  Cuba  being  less  than  2  mm. 
in  diameter  between  the  tips  of  the  arms. 

The  specimens  from  station  6120  are  weathered  out  and  are  numer- 
ous, greenish  in  color. 

0.  taramellei  was  described  from  Villa  Lady  Bruce  (Biarritz) ;  Monte 
Spilecco  (Vicentin) ;  Schonegg,  near  Kressenburg. 

Orthophragmina  sculpturata,  new  species. 
(Plate  9,  Figures  8,  9.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Test  circular,  somewhat  sellseform,  often  very  slightly  so;  central  portion 
considerably  thickened  and  occupying  one-third  to  one-fourth  the  diameter 
of  the  test;  peripheral  portion  much  flattened  and  comparatively  thin;  exterior 
of  central  thickened  portion,  when  well  preserved,  beautifully  sculptured, 
with  comparatively  few  raised  papillae,  between  which  the  surface  is  depressed 
and  reticulated  as  in  0.  marthce  Schlumberger;  peripheral  thin  portion  of  the 
test  usually  smooth  when  the  surface  is  well  preserved. 

Vertical  sections  show  thickening  up  to  1.5  mm.  in  the  central  portion, 
while  the  periphery  is  often  but  0.25  mm.  in  thickness.  Equatorial  chambers 
small,  increasing  hardly  at  all  in  diameter  from  the  center  to  the  periphery, 
central  embryonic  chambers  not  well  shown  in  the  sections,  but  at  least  6  to  8 
times  the  diameter  of  adjacent  equatorial  chambers.  Peripheral  portion 
without  pillars,  central  portion  with  very  strong  pillars,  thick,  with  a  diameter 
one-third  to  one-half  their  length  and  increasing  very  slightly  in  diameter 
toward  the  surface ;  lateral  chambers  in  columns  between  the  pillars  very  thin 
compared  to  their  breadth.  Central  portion  of  the  outline  decidedly  undulate 
from  the  projecting  ends  of  the  pillars. 

Horizontal  sections  show  very  numerous  equatorial  chambers,  elongate, 
several  times  as  long  as  broad;  lateral  chambers  in  section  appearing  as 
polygonal  lighter  spaces  surrounding  in  a  single  row  the  solid,  opaque,  circular, 
elliptical,  or  irregularly  polygonal  pillar  sections,  toward  the  periphery,  where 
the  pillars  are  wanting,  forming  an  irregular  network  somewhat  similar  to  the 
arrangement  in  0.  dispansa  Sowerby  (Bull.  Soc.  Geol.  France,  ser.  4,  vol.  3, 
plate  12,  fig.  51). 

Diameter  5  to  7  mm. 


FOSSIL   FORANIMIFERA    FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  55 

Type  specimen  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328187)  from  Nuevitas,  Cuba,  col- 
lected by  A.  C.  Spencer. 

This  species  in  general  appearance  resembles  0.  marthce  Schlum- 
berger,  especially  in  its  characteristic  surface  ornamentation,  but  the 
vertical  section  seems  to  be  very  different  from  that  figured  by  Schlum- 
berger. 

Orthophragmina  pustulate,  new  species. 
(Plate  9,  Figures  6,  7;  Plate  10,  Figure  1.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  circular,  lenticular,  thickest  in  the  middle,  thence  gradually  thinning 
toward  the  periphery,  which  is  without  a  carina  or  thinner  portion,  thickness 
about  one-fifth  the  diameter;  surface  finely  pustulose,  papillae  larger  and  more 
numerous  near  the  central  region,  thence  gradually  decreasing  in  size  and 
number  toward  the  periphery. 

Vertical  section  shows  the  general  form,  equatorial  band  very  thin,  increas- 
ing hardly  at  all  toward  the  periphery,  pillars  numerous,  somewhat  thickened 
toward  the  surface. 

Horizontal  section  shows  equatorial  chambers  elongate,  rectangular, 
length  about  three  times  the  breadth,  annuli  irregular  in  width,  pillars  irregu- 
larly rounded,  remote,  largest  in  center,  decreasing  gradually  in  size  toward 
the  periphery,  intermediate  space  filled  with  the  irregularly  polygonal  lateral 
chambers. 

Diameter  3.5  to  5  mm. 

Type  specimen  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328188),  section  from  station  3567, 
lowermost  100  feet  of  Tertiary  running  in  above  serpentine,  northwest 
of  Recreo,  Matanzas  Province,  Cuba,  collected  by  A,  C.  Spencer. 
Specimens,  also  apparently  of  this  species,  were  obtained  at  station 
3448,  limestone  from  hillside  south  of  Ponupo  manganese  mine,  La 
Maya,  near  Santiago,  Cuba,  collected  by  T.  W.  Vaughan. 

This  is  a  larger,  flatter  species  than  0.  cubensis  and  is  easily  distin- 
guished in  the  sections. 

Orthophragmina  antillea,  new  species. 
(Plate  1,  Figure  1;  Plate  2,  Figures  2  and  3;  Plate  4,  Figures  2  and  4.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  flattened,  octagonal,  surface  with  8  raised  ribs  radiating  from  the 
central,  somewhat  raised  umbo  to  the  periphery,  triangular  areas  between 
thin  and  flattened;  umbpnal  area  raised  and  rounded,  with  definite  pillars 
appearing  as  differences  in  coloration  in  the  type,  radial  ribs  with  numerous 
raised  areas  and  pillars  scattered  along  their  whole  length;  diameter  about 
12  mm. 

Vertical  sections  show  the  greater  diameter  of  the  equatorial  chambers  at 
irregular  intervals  and  the  irregular,  almost  serrate  character  of  the  dorsal 
and  ventral  surfaces  due  to  the  fine  projections  of  the  surface,  especially 
along  the  ribs. 

Horizontal  sections  through  the  equatorial  chambers  were  obtained  only 
in  small  fragmentary  bits,  but  enough  to  show  the  typical  rectangular  cham- 
bers of  the  genus. 


56    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

Type  specimen  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328189)  from  St.  Bartholomew, 
Leeward  Islands,  U.  S.  G.  S.  No.  6895,  spur  on  southeast  side  of  cay 
northwest  of  St.  Jean  Bay,  170  feet  above  sea-level;  T.  W.  Vaughan 
collector. 

Specimens  are  very  numerous  in  this  material;  but  a  single  specimen 
was  obtained  showing  the  surface  conditions  with  the  radiating  ribs. 

Although  it  is  specifically  different,  this  species  is  closely  related  to 
Orthophragmina  mariannensis  Cushman,  from  Marianna,  Florida. 

There  appear  to  be  from  5  to  8  layers  of  superimposed  chambers  at 
each  side  of  the  horizontal  zone  of  chambers  as  shown  in  the  sections. 
A  few  of  the  smallest  specimens  show  the  proloculum,  but  it  is  not  well 
developed  or  not  sufficiently  well  preserved  to  make  out  its  characters 
clearly.  The  sections  given  on  plate  2,  figures  2  and  3,  show  the  general 
characters  of  the  vertical  section. 

Occasional  oblique  sections  show  the  rectangular  equatorial  cham- 
bers characteristic  of  Orthophragmina. 

This  is  the  specimen  mentioned  by  Vaughan  as  "Orbitoides  sp., 
large,  stellate  form"  (Vaughan,  T.  Wayland,  Carnegie  Inst.  Wash. 
Year  Book  No.  13,  p.  359,  1914). 

Orthophragmina  marginata,  new  species. 
(Plate  1,  Figure  2;  Plate  2,  Figure  4.) 


The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

TVio-f     lon-f  i^nlar*       r»it»/>iilaT»       n/ir»-fT«ol     T\/~vi»-f  i/~vr»     o-f  •nrvnrrl-' 


Test  lenticular,  circular,  central  portion  strongly  raised  and  umbonate, 
regularly  curved  down  to  the  broad  peripheral  flange,  which  is  again  thickened 
near  the  peripheral  margin;  surface  comparatively  smooth,  very  slightly 
granular,  but  not  at  all  papillate. 

In  vertical  section  the  central  portion  is  seen  to  be  strongly  biconvex,  but 
not  much  wider  than  either  part  of  the  surrounding  margin-like  thinner  portion, 
again  thickening  toward  the  extreme  peripheral  margin,  which  is  rounded. 

Equatorial  chambers  small,  in  the  center  very  narrow  but  increasing 
slightly  but  gradually  toward  the  periphery,  where  they  are  not  more  than 
0.1  mm.  in  height.  The  chambers  are  convex  on  the  peripheral  side,  almost 
semicircular  in  some  specimens.  Lateral  chambers  very  small  and  often 
difficult  to  distinguish,  even  with  an  enlargement  of  20  diameters  (plate  2, 
fig.  4).  In  the  central  portion  there  are  many  layers  of  these  lateral  chambers, 
often  30  to  40  layers  on  either  side  of  the  equatorial  band.  This  number 
decreases  as  the  convexity  becomes  less,  and  over  the  flattened  margin  there 
are  but  6  to  8  layers  of  lateral  chambers.  At  the  border  this  number  is  some- 
what increased,  but  falls  off  again  at  the  extreme  outer  margin.  There  are 
traces  of  pillars  in  the  central  umbonate  region,  but  they  are  not  prominent. 

Diameter  of  the  type  specimen  12  to  14  mm. 

Type  specimen  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328190)  from  St.  Bartholomew, 
Leeward  Islands;  U.  S.  G.  S.  No.  6924,  from  a  bed  of  limestone  on 
point  on  the  northwest  side  of  St.  Jean  Bay;  T.  Wayland  Vaughan 
collector. 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FEOM   THE    WEST   INDIES. 


57 


Lepidocyclina  canellei  Lemoine  and  Douville  var.  yurnagunensis,  new  variety. 
(Plate  12,  Figures  7,  8.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  variety: 

Test  differing  from  the  typical  form  of  the  species  mainly  in  the  form  of  the 
lateral  chambers,  which  are  somewhat  broader,  and  with  the  upper  wall 
decidedly  arched;  embryonic  chambers  either  two,  subequal  or  very  unequal, 
or  several,  the  equatorial  chambers  hexagonal  or  obscurely  diamond-shaped. 

Type  material  from  U.  S.  G.  S.  station  7348,  from  flexure  2  miles 
south  of  Yurnaguna,  Cuba,  collected  by  O.  E.  Meinzer. 

At  this  station  the  material  is  largely  composed  of  this  Species,  as  the 
section  (plate  12,  fig.  8)  shows.  None  of  these  sections  happens  to 
be  exactly  vertical.  The  variety  shows  the  embryonic  characters  of 
all  three  of  Douvill6's  subgenera :  equal  chambers,  as  in  the  type  from 
Panama  (Isolepidina) ;  unequal,  one  small,  the  other  partially  encircling 
and  kidney-shaped  (Nephrolepidina)]  and  with  two  irregular  large 
embryonic  chambers  and  two  or  more  small  ones  (Pliolepidina) .  The 
latter  condition  is  shown  in  plate  12,  figure  7. 

In  gross  appearance,  color,  and  general  characters  this  material 
very  strikingly  resembles  that  from  Bohio,  Panama,  the  type  locality 
for  L.  canellei. 


FIG.  6. — Lepidocyclina  canellei  Lemoine  and  R.  Douville  var.  yurnagunensis,  new  variety. 
X  50.  o,  embryonic  chambers,  several  in  number  and  irregular  in  size  (Pliolepidina). 
b,  showing  embryonic  chambers  of  a  specimen  where  these  chambers  are  equal  in  size 
(Isolepidind).  Specimens  from  station  7548,  2  miles  south  of  Yurnaguna,  Cuba. 


Lepidocyclina  schlumbergeri  Lemoine  and  R.  Douville. 

Lepidocyclina  schlumbergeri  Lemoine  and  R.  DouvillS,  Soc.  g6ol.  France,  Pal6ont.,  vol.  12, 
Mem.  32,  p.  14,  plate  1,  fig.  10;  plate  2,  fig.  6;  1904. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Test  large,  compressed,  lenticular,  thickest  in  the  central  region,  from  which 
it  gradually  thins  out  toward  the  periphery,  somewhat  flexuous  and  slightly 
saddle-shaped ;  surface  fairly  smooth  or  somewhat  finely  granular,  the  granules 


58    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

representing  the  ends  of  the  small  pillars;  surface  often  uneven,  due  to  the 
raised  peripheral  walls  of  the  lateral  chambers. 

Vertical  section  shows  the  general  shape,  thin,  gently  curving  from  the 
center  to  the  periphery,  slightly  curved;  the  pillars  numerous  and  compara- 
tively small,  a  very  few  larger  pillars  in  the  central  region,  vertical  columns 
of  lateral  chambers  with  numerous  low,  flattened  chambers  making  up  each 
column. 

Horizontal  section  shows  hexagonal  chambers,  but  more  numerous  equa- 
torial ones  with  the  outer  wall  convexly  curved,  walls  rather  thick. 

Diameter  25  to  35  mm. 

Lemoine  and  Douville*  regard  this  as  a  mutation  of  L.  dilatata.  They 
record  this  species,  especially  from  Spain  at  four  localities  in  Anda- 
lusia, at  Baena,  and  Pont  du  Guadalquiver  (Puente  Viejo),  and  at 
Sella  and  Peiiaguila,  province  of  Alicante,  stages  not  given.  It  was 
collected  by  O.  E.  Meinzer  in  Cuba  at  the  following  stations:  7512, 
Ocujal;  7518,  south  side  near  west  end,  Los  Melones  Mountain;  7522, 
Mogote  Peak;  7543,  limestone  outcrop,  east  side  of  Yateras;  and  by 
N.  H.  Darton  at  7664,  north  slope  of  La  Piedra,  northeast  of  Jamaica, 
northeast  of  Guantdnamo. 

Lepidocyclina  parvula,  new  species. 
(Plate  3,  Figures  4  to  7.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Test  lenticular,  circular,  central  region  thickened,  gradually  diminishing  in 
breadth  toward  the  periphery,  which  has  a  thin  flange-like  border,  surface 
fairly  smooth. 

Vertical  section  showing  the  general  form  of  the  species;  equatorial  chambers 
gradually  increasing  in  size  toward  the  periphery,  where  they  may  be  4  to  5 
times  as  high  as  long;  outer  surface  slightly  convex,  chambers  of  the  central 
region  in  section  nearly  square;  lateral  chambers  8  to  10  in  a  vertical  column 
in  the  central  region,  and  thence  gradually  diminishing  in  number  until  near 
the  periphery  there  may  be  but  a  single  layer  of  the  lateral  chambers,  central 
portion  with  definite  pillars,  largely  confined  to  this  region. 

Horizontal  section  shows  the  usual  form  of  the  equatorial  chambers  for  this 
genus,  the  embryonic  chambers  either  subequal  or  with  one  slightly  larger 
than  the  other.  In  the  section  illustrated  on  plate  3,  figure  4,  a  peculiar  con- 
dition of  these  chambers  is  shown,  where  the  two  embryonic  chambers  have 
a  series  of  chambers,  apparently  coiled  about  them.  This  is  an  unusual  char- 
acter in  this  genus. 

Diameter  5  mm. 

Type  specimen  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328191)  from  U.  S.  G.  S.  station 
6862,  from  lower  bed  at  Hodge's  Bluff,  Antigua,  T.  W.  Vaughan, 
collector.  It  is  very  abundant  in  material  from  certain  layers  at  this 
locality.  This  species  also  occurs  at  station  6854,  Rifle  Butts,  Antigua. 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  59 

Lepidocyclina  morgani  Lemoine  and  R.  Douville. 
(Plate  11,  Figures  1  to  3;  Text-fig.  7.) 

Lepidocyclina  cf.  marginata  H.  Douvill6,  Soc.  Geol.  France  Bull.,  ser.  3,  vol.  18,  p.  1001,  1900. 
Lepidocyclina  morgani  Lemoine  and  R.  Douville,  Soc.  Geol.  France,  Paleont.,  vol.  12,  Mem. 
32,  p.  17,  plate  1,  figs.  12,  15,  17;  plate  2,  figs.  4,  12;  plate  3,  fig.  2;  1904. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this 
species : 

Test  small,  discoidal,  much  thickened  in 
the  central  portion,  from  which  it  tapers 
rather  rapidly  to  the  subacute  periphery; 
central  protuberant  portion  with  a  series  of 
large  pustules  ranging  from  5  to  12  or  more  in 
number,  of  which  one  is  usually  central, 
surface  reticulate  between  the  pustules;  the 
margins  stellate;  periphery  of  the  test  thin 

and  slightly  reticulated  by  the  walls  of  the  _ 

equatorial  chambers.  FlG<  7.-.Lepidocycii/na   morgani  Le- 

Vertical  sections    show    the  general  form  moine  and  R.  Douville.  Embryonic 

and  curvature  of  the  surface  of  the  test,  the  chambers.     X  35.    Specimen  from 

few  pillars  in  the  central  region  rapidly  in-  station  7543  limestone  outcrop, 
creasing  in  diameter  toward  the  surface  of  east  ade  of  Yateras'  Cuba' 
the  test;  lateral  chambers  with  the  outer  wall  convex,  averaging  about  three 
times  as  wide  as  high;  in  the  central  region  with  as  many  as  10  chambers  in  the 
vertical  columns;  equatorial  chambers  not  increasing  rapidly  in  height;  height 
of  those  at  the  periphery  not  more  than  double  that  of  those  near  the  center. 

Horizontal  sections  show  the  embryonic  chambers,  which  are  unequal,  the 
larger  one  partially  surrounding  the  smaller,  as  in  the  subgenus  Nephrolepidina 
of  H.  Douville"  and  the  equatorial  chambers  more  or  less  diamond-shaped,  as 
in  that  subgenus.  In  other  specimens  the  outer  wall  of  the  chamber  is  convex. 

Diameter  2  to  5  mm. 

Distribution. — Specimens  seemingly  identical  with  this  species  were 
found  at  the  following  stations  in  Cuba:  7513,  limestone,  outcrop  where 
Palmer  Trail  joins  Ocujal  Trail;  7516,  west  end,  Los  Melones  Moun- 
tain; 7543,  limestone  outcrop,  east  side  of  Yateras;  7554,  south  of  El 
Jigue,  5  miles  above  mouth  of  Yateras  River  on  west  side,  collected 
by  O.  E.  Meinzer.  Specimens,  the  sections  of  which  are  imperfect,  but 
probably  belonging  to  L.  morgani,  were  obtained  by  O.  E.  Meinzer  at 
station  7519,  limestone  from  drift  near  top  of  landslide  next  north  of 
Los  Melones,  and  7522,  Mogote  Peak.  The  specimens  whose  exteriors 
are  figured  were  obtained  by  N.  H.  Barton  at  station  7664,  north  slope, 
La  Piedra,  northeast  of  Jamaica,  northeast  of  Guantdnamo,  Cuba. 

Lemoine  and  R.  Douville*  record  this  species  from  four  localities  in 
Aquitaine  (Abesse,  Mimbaste,  Saint-Etienne-d'Orthe,  and  Le  Man- 
dillot),  from  four  localities  in  Spain  (Ba6na,  Pont  du  Guadalquiver, 
Sella,  and  Peiiaguila),  and  from  Madagascar.  The  stage  is  indicated 
as  Aquitanian  but  not  definitely  given. 

It  is  a  very  distinctive  species,  and  the  Cuban  specimens  seem  to  differ 
in  no  essential  characters  from  those  figured  by  Lemoine  and  Douville'. 


60    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

Lepidocyclina  marginata  (Michelotti). 
(Plate  12,  Figures  1,  2.) 

Nummulites  marginata  Michelotti,  Soc.  Ital.  Sci.  Mem.,  vol.  22,  p.  297,  plate  3,  fig.  4,  1841. 

Lepidocyclina  marginata  Lemoine  and  R.  Douville,  Soc.  Geol.  France,  Paleont.,  vol.  12, 

Mem.  32,  p.  16,  plate  1,  fig.  7;  plate  2,  figs.  7,  9,  11,  20;  plate  3,  figs.  3,  8,  9,  13;  1904. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  of  small  or  medium  size,  lenticular,  thickest  in  the  central  region,  thence 
tapering  gradually  to  the  periphery,  which  in  the  adult  forms  a  thin  flange 
around  the  thicker  central  portion;  central  portion  with  numerous  prominent 
pustules,  rather  evenly  placed  and  of  good  size,  representing  the  outer  end  of 
the  pillars;  flange  smooth,  except  for  roughness  caused  by  weathering. 

Vertical  section  shows  the  general  shape  already  noted,  the  numerous  pillars 
giving  an  undulate  outline  to  the  central  thickened  region,  pillars  rather 
crowded  at  the  center,  but  separating  toward  the  periphery,  increasing  very 
rapidly  in  diameter  in  the  first  quarter  or  third  of  their  length,  thence  keeping 
about  the  same  diameter  to  the  surface;  lateral  chambers  in  single  columns 
between  the  pillars,  equatorial  band  of  chambers  rather  narrow  and  thin, 
increasing  in  height  toward  the  periphery. 

Horizontal  section  shows  the  equatorial  chambers  to  be  in  general  hexagonal, 
occasionally  with  the  peripheral  portion  conyexly  curved;  the  lateral  chambers 
also  hexagonal,  especially  in  the  central  region,  where  they  are  compressed  by 
the  pillars. 

Diameter  up  to  12  or  15  mm.,  usually  less. 

Distribution. — Lemoine  and  R.  Douville"  record  this  species  from 
Rosignano,  Montferrat,  Pie'mont,  and  Colli  Torinesi,  Turin,  Italy, 
and  from  Pont  du  Guadalquiver  and  Bae"na,  Andalusia,  Spain,  stage 
not  given.  It  was  collected  at  the  following  stations  in  Cuba  by  O.  E. 
Meinzer:  7512,  Ocujal;  7513  ?,  orbitoidal  limestone,  outcrop  where 
Palmer  Trail  joins  Ocujal  Trail;  7518,  south  side  near  west  end,  Los 
Melones  Mountain;  7519,  orbitoidal  limestone,  from  drift  near  top  of 
landslide  next  north  of  Los  Melones;  7521,  limestone,  top  of  Mogote 
Peak;  7522  ?,  Mogote  Peak;  7543,  limestone  outcrop,  east  side  of 
Yateras;  and  by  N.  H.  Darton  at  station  7664,  north  slope  of  La  Piedra, 
northeast  of  Jamaica,  northeast  of  Guantdnamo. 

Lemoine  and  R.  Douville*  had  only  the  microspheric  form  of  the 
species,  but  the  Cuban  material  has  megalospheric  specimens.  The 
embryonic  chambers  are  rather  thick-walled  and  unequal  in  size. 

Lepidocyclina  sumatrensis  (H.  B.  Brady). 
(Plate  12,  Figures  3,  4.) 

Orbitoides  sumatrensis  H.  B.  Brady,  Geol.  Mag.,  ser.  2.  vol.  2,  p.  536,  plate  14,  fig.  3,  1875; 
Jaarb.  Mijn.  Ned.-Oost.-Indie,  vol.  7,  pt.  2,  p.  165,  plate  2,  fig.  3,  1878;  Newton  and 
Holland,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  ser.  7,  vol.  3,  p.  259,  plate  10,  figs.  7  to  12,  1899. 

Lepidocyclina  sumatrensis  Jones  and  Chapman,  in  Andrews,  A  Monograph  of  Christmas 
Island,  London,  p.  244,  plate  20,  fig.  6,  1900;  Newton  and  Holland,  Journ.  Coll. 
of  Sci.,  Imp.  Univ.  Tokyo,  vol.  27,  art.  6,  p.  11,  plate  1,  fig.  7,  1903;  Lemoine 
and  R.  Douville,  Soc.  geol.  France,  Paleont.,  vol.  12,  Mem.  32,  p.  18,  plate  1,  fig. 
14;  plate  2,  fig.  15;  plate  3,  fig.  6;  1904. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Test  small,  discoidal,  thickened  in  the  central  portion,  from  which  it  tapers 
gradually  to  the  subacute  periphery,  central  protuberant  portion  more  or  less 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  61 

pustulate  throughout,  but  these  protuberant  spots  of  small  size  and  covering 
the  larger  part  of  the  area  more  or  less  evenly;  surface  otherwise  smooth; 
periphery  thin. 

Vertical  sections  show  the  general  form  and  curvature  of  the  test,  pillars 
entirely  lacking,  lateral  chambers  with  the  outer  surface  convex,  three  or  four 
times  as  wide  as  high;  6  to  10  chambers  in  a  vertical  column. 

Horizontal  sections  show  the  embryonic  chambers,  which  are  unequal,  the 
larger  curved  about  the  smaller  semicircular  one;  equatorial  chambers  irregu- 
larly hexagonal. 

Diameter  2  to  5  mm. 

Distribution. — L.  sumatrensis  was  obtained  in  Cuba  by  0.  E.  Meinzer 
at  the  following  stations:  7513,  limestone  outcrop  where  Palmer  Trail 
joins  Ocujal  Trail;  7516,  west  end  Los  Melones  Mountain;  7519,  lime- 
stone from  drift  near  top  of  landslide  next  north  of  Los  Melones;  7543, 
limestone  outcrop,  east  side  of  Yateras;  7554,  south  of  El  Jigue,  5 
miles  above  mouth  of  Yateras  River  on  west  side;  and  by  N.  H.  Darton 
at  7664,  north  slope  of  La  Piedra,  northeast  of  Jamaica,  northeast  of 
Guantanamo. 

This  species  was  described  by  Brady  from  Sumatra.  It  is  recorded 
elsewhere  in  the  East  from  Formosa  and  the  East  Indies,  and  Lemoine 
and  R.  Douville*  record  it  from  Rosignano,  Montferrat,  Pi6mont, 
Italy;  Ba6na,  Pont  du  Guadalquiver,  Pefiaguila,  and  Sella,  Spain;  and 
Saint-Etienne-d'Orthe  and  Mandillot,  near  Dax,  France,  probably 
Aquitanian  in  age. 

In  the  Cuban  material  it  occurs  usually  in  company  with  L.  morgani, 
and  in  this  connection  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  both  species  are 
given  by  Lemoine  and  R.  Douville  from  all  four  of  the  stations  in 
Spain  and  from  three  of  the  four  stations  in  France. 

This  species  may  easily  be  distinguished  from  L.  morgani  by  its  lack 
of  pillars.  The  pustulate  appearance  of  L.  sumatrensis  is  due  to  the 
convex  surface  of  the  lateral  chambers,  those  of  adjacent  columns  being 
of  unequal  height  at  the  surface. 

Lepidocyclina  crassata,  new  species. 
(Plate  11,  Figures  4,  5.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  of  medium  size,  lenticular,  comparatively  thick  in  the  center,  thence 
tapering  toward  the  sides;  central  portion  convex,  changing  to  a  concave 
curve  toward  the  periphery;  surface  irregularly  pustulate,  especially  where 
somewhat  weathered. 

Vertical  section  shows  the  general  shape,  convex  at  the  center  and  broadly 
rounded,  thence  thinning  rapidly  toward  the  periphery,  where  the  surface  is 
concave,  to  the  rather  poorly  developed  peripheral  border;  height  or  thickness 
of  the  test  about  one-third  the  diameter.  Embryonic  chamber  large  and  very 
thick-walled,  often  showing  1  or  2  accessory  chambers,  also  thick-walled  and 
rather  conspicuously  perforate;  young  specimens  show  that  for  a  time  the 
embryonic  chamber  is  the  greater  part  of  the  test.  Equatorial  band  of  cham- 
bers rather  large,  even  at  the  beginning,  the  outer  wall  convex  and  coarsely 
perforate.  Lateral  chambers  comparatively  thick-walled,  several  times  as 
broad  as  high,  somewhat  lenticular  in  section,  highest  in  the  middle;  thence 


62    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

their  height  decreases  toward  the  sides.  A  comparatively  small  number  of 
pillars  in  the  central  part  originating  in  the  wall  of  the  embryonic  chamber  and 
extending  to  the  periphery. 

Horizontal  section  shows  that  the  equatorial  chambers  are  regularly 
hexagonal  and  fairly  thick-walled,  and  that  those  of  successive  annuli  are  of 
very  different  sizes. 

Diameter  up  to  9  mm. ;  height  up  to  3  mm.  or  more. 


:, 


Fio.  8. — Sections  of  embryonic  chambers  of  Lepidocyclina  crassata,  new  species,  showing  variation 
in  position  of  two  or  more  divisions,  and  the  comparatively  thick  outer  wall.  X  25. 
Specimens  from  limestone  from  drift  near  top  of  landslide  next  north  of  Los  Melones, 
Cuba. 

Type  specimen,  section  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328192)  from  station  7513, 
orbitoidal  limestone,  outcrop  where  Palmer  Trail  joins  Ocujal  Trail, 
Cuba.  Specimens  are  also  numerous  in  material  from  7512,  Ocujal; 
7519,  orbitoidal  limestone,  from  drift  near  top  of  landslide  next  north 
of  Los  Melones;  7521,  limestone,  top  of  Mogote  Peak,  Cuba.  All  the 
specimens  were  collected  by  O.  E.  Meinzer. 

L.  crassata  is  very  heavy  and  thick-walled  and  in  section  may  be 
easily  distinguished  from  any  other  Cuban  or  West  Indian  species  of 

Lepidocyclina. 

Lepidocyclina  subraulinii,  new  species. 

(Plate  11,  Figures  6,  7;  Plate  12,  Figures  5,  6.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  circular,  much  thickened  in  the  central  portion,  which  occupies  about 
one-third  the  diameter  of  the  test;  peripheral  portion  much  flattened,  thin; 
thick  central  portion  irregularly  papillate,  peripheral  portion  smooth,  showing 
almost  no  tendency  to  become  saddle-shaped. 

Vertical  section  shows  the  general  thickness,  the  central  lenticular  body, 
and  the  thin  periphery;  central  portion  with  very  numerous  pillars,  increasing 
in  diameter  toward  the  surface;  lateral  chambers  crowded  between  the  pillars, 
very  numerous  in  the  vertical  columns  and  much  wider  than  high ;  equatorial 
chambers  increasing  in  diameter  toward  the  periphery,  the  outer  margin 
convex  and  with  a  series  of  fine  pores. 

Horizontal  section  shows  the  equatorial  chambers,  which  are  polygonal ;  the 
outer  margin  strongly  convex;  pillars  subpolygonal,  with  the  lateral  chambers 
making  irregular  polygonal  meshes  between  them,  toward  the  periphery  the 
lateral  chambers  making  up  the  entire  test  as  the  pillars  decrease  in  number. 

Diameter  up  to  24  mm. ;  thickness  in  center  4.5  mm. 

Type  specimen  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328193)  from  station  3478,  Nue- 
vitas,  Cuba,  collected  by  A.  C.  Spencer.  Other  specimens  apparently 
this  species  occur  at  7666,  Sierra  Guaso,  northeast  of  Guantanamo, 
collected  by  N.  H.  Darton. 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  63 

In  diameter  and  general  shape  L.  subraulinii  suggests  L.  raulinii 
Lemoine  and  R.  Douville"  from  Saint-Ge*ours-en-Maremmes,  Landes, 
France,  and  Columbres,  Province  of  Santander  in  Spain,  but  it  differs 
in  that  it  has  very  definite  pillars  and  a  papillose  surface  at  the  center. 
The  age  of  the  European  material  of  L.  raulinii  is  not  definitely  given. 

Lepidocyclina  perundosa,  new  species. 
(Plate  11,  Figure  8.) 


^riaie  ii,  ngure  o.; 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

'TVics-f    tr£\r>iT  Tv»i-i/-»V»    niiv-\Tiir\    irt    -frim   rlifon'f.irmc!     cr»   •f.ViQ'f. 


Test  very  much  curved  in  two  directions,  so  that  at  points  180°  from  one 
another  the  two  planes  of  each  set  are  nearly  parallel  to  one  another  and  nearly 
at  right  angles  to  those  of  the  other  set,  strongly  "saddle-shaped/'  surface 
smooth  when  well  preserved,  but  usually  somewhat  cancellate,  due  to  erosion. 

Vertical  section  difficult  to  obtain  on  account  of  the  very  much  doubly 
curved  shape  of  the  test,  but  shows  no  pillars;  the  lateral  chambers  about 
three  times  as  long  as  high;  central  chamber  large;  equatorial  chambers 
increasing  gradually  in  size  toward  the  periphery,  their  height  and  breadth 
about  equal. 

Horizontal  section,  which  from  the  shape  of  the  test  can  be  at  best  only 
fragmentary,  shows  equatorial  chambers  roughly  triangular,  with  the  outer 
surface  convexly  curved. 

Diameter  8  to  12  mm. 

Type  specimen,  section  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328194),  from  station  3478, 
Nue vitas,  Cuba,  collected  by  A.  C.  Spencer. 

This  is  a  very  sellseform  species  about  one-half  the  size  of  L.  undosa 
Cushman  from  Antigua. 

Lepidocyclina  antillea,  new  species. 
(Plate  3,  Figure  3.) 


V-riaie  o,  rigure  <>.; 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

TtfcQ'f'   r*f\m  r\ip£iC2C!£ir\     /*ii»/»filoit»     fo-f  r»rkt»  £V¥r£\TiiTr  Vvi/>/"\T*TrriV     1 


Test  compressed,  circular,  rather  evenly  biconvex,  lenticular,  central  portion 
highest,  thence  gradually  thinning  toward  the  periphery,  central  area  strongly 
papillate,  remainder  of  surface  less  strongly  so. 

Vertical  section  shows  equatorial  chambers  gradually  increasing  in  height 
toward  the  periphery,  those  of  the  central  region  measuring  less  than  0.1  mm., 
those  of  the  periphery  as  much  as  0.5  mm.  in  height;  outer  wall  of  the  equa- 
torial chambers  very  squarely  truncated. 

Lateral  chambers  not  numerous  in  the  central  thickened  region,  with  only 
6  or  7  chambers  in  a  column,  and  this  number  is  gradually  reduced  toward 
the  periphery.  Central  region  and  the  whole  test  in  lesser  degree  marked  by 
very  heavy  and  numerous  pillars,  greatest  width  near  the  outer  end,  thence 
gradually  tapering  toward  the  center,  outer  ends  rounded,  forming  the 
papillae  of  the  surface.  In  the  central  region  the  surface  area  occupied  by  the 
pillars  is  greater  than  that  taken  up  by  the  lateral  chambers. 

In  the  horizontal  section,  or  at  least  in  the  somewhat  broadly  oblique  sec- 
tion, the  equatorial  chambers  are  of  the  curved  Lepidocyclina  form  instead 
of  the  more  typical  hexagonal  shape. 

Diameter  of  the  test  averages  about  5  mm. 

Type  specimen  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328195)  from  U.  S.  G.  S.  No.  6897, 
from  St.  Bartholomew,  Leeward  Islands,  from  conglomerate  and  sand- 


64    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

stone  below  upper  limestone  bed,  Anse  Ecaille  side  of  point  between 
Anse  Ecaille  and  Anse  Lizard;  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collector;  specimens 
apparently  weathered  out  from  the  matrix  are  abundant.  Also  from 
68976,  point  between  Colombier  Point  and  bay  next  to  St.  Jean  Bay. 
Hand  specimens  showing  sections  of  this  heavy-pillared  species  are 
abundant  in  a  hard  cherty  material,  No.  6902,  southeast  section  of 
southwest  side  of  island  near  Negre  Point,  altitude  360  feet;  and  6903, 
N.  67°  E.  from  summit  of  Negre  Point,  across  low  saddle-back  of  point, 
elevation  220  feet.  All  the  above  are  from  St.  Bartholomew. 

This  species  is  related  in  many  ways  to  Lepidocyclina  macdonaldi 
Cushman  from  Panama,  in  the  white  limestone  at  David.  The  general 
vertical  section  is  much  more  heavily  pillared  in  L.  antilka,  although 
the  figured  specimen,  not  being  exactly  central,  shows  this  much  less 
strongly  than  in  many  of  the  weathered  sections  in  hand  specimens. 

Lepidocyclina  gigas,  new  species. 
(Plate  1,  Figures  3  to  5;  Plate  5,  Figure  4.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  large,  flattened,  somewhat  lenticular,  circular  in  outline,  central  por- 
tion slightly  umbonate,  thence  gradually  thinning  toward  the  periphery, 
which  is  bluntly  angular;  surface  generally  flat  and  smooth,  occasionally 
slightly  undulating. 

Vertical  section  shows  the  equatorial  chambers  increasing  somewhat  in 
height  from  the  central  area  toward  the  periphery,  the  peripheral  end  of  each 
chamber  slightly  convex  toward  the  exterior;  lateral  chambers  broad  and  low, 
in  vertical  columns,  usually  from  7  to  10  chambers  in  each  column  in  the 
central  portion  of  the  test  outside  the  umbonal  region,  thence  gradually 
decreasing  in  number  toward  the  periphery.  There  are  pillars  developed  at 
irregular  intervals,  but  these  are  few  in  number  and  of  very  small  diameter. 

Horizontal  sections  show  the  hexagonal  equatorial  chambers,  the  annular 
rows  of  which  are  very  uneven  in  size. 

Diameter  of  largest  specimens  up  to  80  mm.  or  more. 

Type  specimen  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328196)  from  Antigua,  Leeward 
Islands,  U.  S.  G.  S.  No.  6862,  from  lower  bed  at  Hodge's  Bluff;  T.  W. 
Vaughan,  collector.  Specimens  from  this  Locality  are  numerous  and 
very  fine.  Poorer  material,  but  apparently  specifically  the  same, 
occurs  at  6854,  Rifle  Butts,  and  6857,  southwest  side  of  Wetherell  Mill, 
both  from  Antigua. 

This  species  is  very  near  to  L.  elephantina  Munier-Chalmas,  but  the 
two  early  chambers  in  the  two  species  do  not  seem  to  be  at  all  alike, 
those  of  L.  elephantina  being  very  dissimilar  in  size  and  shape,  while 
those  of  L.  gigas,  as  far  as  made  out,  seem  to  be  much  more  nearly 
equal,  as  is  usual  in  American  species  of  Lepidocyclina. 

This  is  a  very  fine,  large  species,  abundant  at  the  type  station. 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  65 

Lepidocyclina  undulata,  new  species. 
(Plate  3,  Figures  la,  2,  8,  9;  Plate  15,  Figure  5.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  of  large  size,  slightly  papillate,  lenticular,  the  umbonate  region  scarcely 
if  at  all  raised,  whole  test  undulate  or  saddle-shaped,  often  bent  nearly  double. 

Vertical  sections  of  this  species  show  pillars  very  constant  but  of  small 
diameter  scattered  throughout  the  central  half  of  the  test  and  a  few  toward 
the  peripheral  portion;  equatorial  chambers  fairly  high  and  with  a  series  of 
6  to  8  rather  large  perforations  in  the  peripheral  wall  of  each;  lateral  chambers 
thick-walled  and  rather  large,  comparatively  few,  usually  not  more  than  6  in 
a  vertical  column. 

Diameter  in  the  largest  specimens  apparently  exceeding  100  mm.  when 
complete. 

Type  specimen  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328197)  from  Antigua,  Leeward 
Islands,  U.  S.  G.  S.  No.  6863,  High  Point,  collected  by  T.  W  Vaughan. 
Specimens  are  abundant  at  this  station.  Other  material  from  Antigua 
apparently  referable  to  this  species  is  from  No.  6858,  Wetherell  Point ; 
6874,  Blizzard's  Mill;  (?)  6880,  west  side  Otto's  estate,  west  side  of 
Golden  Grove  road;  6881,  from  bluffs  on  north  side  of  Willoughby 
Bay;  and  6942,  bowlders  on  south  side  of  Monk's  Hill,  Falmouth. 

This  seems  to  be  the  largest  known  species  of  Lepidocyclina,  being 
larger  than  L.  elephantina.  The  material  here  figured  (plate  3,  figs. 
1,  2;  plate  14,  fig.  5)  from  6869  and  6881  are  for  the  most  part  com- 
posed of  other  species,  but  a  few  large  specimens  apparently  referable 
to  this  are  shown  with  the  others. 

Lepidocyclina  undosa,  new  species. 

(Plate  2,  Figure  1,  a.) 


The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species; 

I^OO'f'    r\T    YYI  cn'i  m  1-Yi    c<i  r7£*      W^n  rt  ri    />rf~vW"fc<v\TVicioifH"^      o^- f^xr^rrlTT  T 


Test  of  medium  size,  much  compressed,  strongly  undulate  or  saddle-shaped, 
not  at  all  umbonate,  thin  throughout,  surface  slightly  granulate,  otherwise 
smooth,  where  worn  usually  netted  by  the  walls  of  the  chambers. 

Vertical  section  showing  apparently  an  entire  absence  of  pillars  throughout, 
equatorial  chambers  nearly  square  in  section,  walls  straight,  lateral  chambers 
very  numerous,  low  and  broad,  very  thin-walled,  12  to  15  in  a  vertical  column 
in  the  thicker  portions  of  the  test. 

Horizontal  sections  showing  typical  hexagonal  equatorial  chambers. 

Diameter  up  to  25  mm.  or  more. 

Type  material  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328198)  from  Antigua,  Leeward 
Islands,  U.  S.  G.  S.  No.  6869,  Long  Island,  Antigua.  The  species  is 
very  abundant  in  this  material,  making  up  a  large  proportion  of  the 
rock-mass.  Specimens  are  associated  with  Heterostegina. 

This  may  be  distinguished  from  other  species  of  Lepidocyclina  by 
its  saddle-shaped  test,  the  flat,  non-umbonate  center,  the  finely  netted 
surface  in  worn  specimens,  and  the  absence  of  pillars  in  the  vertical 
section  with  the  thin-walled  chambers. 


66    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

Lepidocyclina  favosa,  new  species. 
(Plate  3,  Figures  1,  2,  6;  Plate  15,  Figure  4.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Test  of  medium  size,  compressed,  strongly  undulate  or  saddle-shaped,  the 
central  portion  umbonate,  much  curved,  thick;  the  remainder  of  the  test  thin 
and  flange-like;  central  umbonate  mass  with  an  ornamentation  of  polygonal 
areas  formed  by  raised  ribs;  remainder  of  test  fairly  smooth  but  irregularly 
eroded  in  most  cases. 

Vertical  section  with  numerous  distinct  pillars  in  the  umbonate  region, 
broad  at  the  exterior  and  narrowing  to  a  point  near  the  equatorial  chambers, 
flattened  peripheral  portion  with  few  indistinct  pillars. 

Diameter  15  to  18  mm.  for  typical  specimens. 

Type  specimens  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328199)  from  Antigua,  Leeward 
Islands,  U.  S.  G.  S.  No.  6881,  from  bluffs  on  north  side  of  Willoughby 
Bay. 

This  is  a  very  strikingly  ornamented  species  and  hardly  likely  to 
be  mistaken  for  any  other,  especially  with  its  very  strong  saddle- 
shape  in  addition.  It  was  not  seen  in  any  material  from  the  other 
Antigua  stations,  but  is  very  abundant  at  this  station,  as  the  photo- 
graph (plate  3,  fig.  1)  will  show. 

MILIOLIDJE. 

Spiroloculina  species  (?). 
(Plate  5,  Figures  9  and  12.) 

A  section  showing  longitudinally  a  specimen  of  Spirolculina  and 
an  oblique  section  of  a  similar  specimen  are  reproduced  on  plate  5, 
figure  9.  This  is  from  U.  S.  G.  S.  No.  6949,  Simson  Bay  Point,  St. 
Martin,  Leeward  Islands.  In  this  material,  in  which  specimens  of 
Orbitolites  are  abundant,  specimens  of  Spiroloculina  are  frequent,  but 
as  they  show  only  in  section,  it  is  not  possible  accurately  to  determine 
them  specifically.  In  a  section  from  U.  S.  G.  S.  No.  6966,  southwest 
shore  of  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  there  is  a  transverse  section  of  a  Spiro- 
loculina with  convex  periphery  and  concave  faces  (plate  5,  fig.  12), 
but  whether  it  is  the  same  species  as  that  from  St.  Martin  is  prob- 
lematical. The  associated  species  at  each  locality  are  very  different, 
however,  as  the  abundant  genus  in  St.  Martin  is  Orbitolites,  while  in 
Anguilla  it  is  Heterosteginoides. 

Quinqueloculina  agglutinans  d'Orbigny. 

Quinqueloculina  agglutinans  d'Orbigny,  in  De  la  Sagra,  Hist.  Fis.  Pol.  Nat.  Cuba,  "Foram- 
iniferes,"  p.  195,  plate  12,  figs.  11  to  13,  1839. 

Occasional  very  typical  specimens  occur  at  Zone  H,  Rio  Cana,  and 
at  Bluffs  2  znd  3,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo.  It  may  be  noted 
that  these  specimens  are  almost  exactly  like  the  figures  given  by 
d'Orbigny  rather  than  those  of  recent  material  given  by  later  authors. 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE    WEST    INDIES.  67 

Quinqueloculina  cuvieriana  d'Orbigny. 

Quinqueloculina  cuvieriana  d'Orbigny,  in  De  la  Sagra,  Hist.  Fis.  Pol.  Nat.  Cuba,  "Foram- 
iniferes,"  p.  190,  plate  11,  figs,  19  to  21,  1839. 

A  few  specimens  with  the  typical  ornamentation  of  the  species 
occurred  at  Zone  I,  Rio  Cana,  and  Bluff  2,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo 
Domingo.  These  are  almost  exactly  like  the  Cuban  monograph  fig- 
ures, but  very  different  from  the  figures  assigned  to  this  species  by  later 
authors. 

Quinqueloculina  auberiana  d'Orbigny. 

Quinqueloculina  auberiana,  d'Orbigny,  in  De  la  Sagra,  Hist.  Fis.  Pol.  Nat.  Cuba,  "  Foram- 
iniferes,"  p.  193,  plate  12,  figs.  1  to  3,  1839. 

Very  typical  specimens  occur  in  material  from  Zone  H,  Rio  Cana, 
and  Bluffs  2  and  3,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo.  These  are  more 
closely  like  the  original  figures  of  the  type  than  of  later  figures  of  other 
authors. 

Specimens  are  rare  in  the  Bowden  marl  of  Jamaica,  but  are  very 
typical,  like  the  Santo  Domingo  specimens,  and  like  the  original  figures 
given  by  d'Orbigny  in  his  Cuba  monograph. 

Typical  specimens  also  occur  in  the  Miocene  of  the  Panama  Canal 
Zone  and  Virginia. 

Quinqueloculina  pulchella  d'Orbigny. 

Miliolina  pulchella  (d'Orbigny)  H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  174, 
plate  6,  figs.  13,  14,  1884. 

A  few  specimens  with  characteristic  ornamentations  occur  at  Zones 
H  and  I,  Rio  Cana,  and  Bluffs  2  and  3,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 

Quinqueloculina  gualteriana  d'Orbigny. 

Quinqueloculina  gualteriana  d'Orbigny,  in  De  la  Sagra,  Hist.  Fis.  Pol.  Nat.  Cuba,  "Foram- 
iniferes,"  p.  186,  plate  11,  figs.  1  to  3,  1839. 

Specimens  seemingly  identical  with  this  species  as  figured  by 
d'Orbigny  occur  at  Zones  H  and  I,  Rio  Cana,  and  there  are  question- 
able specimens  from  Bluff  3,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo;  but 
they  are  rare,  two  being  the  most  from  any  one  station. 

Quinqueloculina  species  cf.  Q.  kerimbatica  (Heron- Allen  and  Earland). 
(Plate  13,  Figure  5.) 

Miliolina  kerimbatica  Heron-Allen  and  Earland,  Trans.  Zool.  Soc.  London,  vol.  20,  p.  574, 
plate  43,  figs.  13  to  23,  1915. 

Large  specimens  seemingly  identical  with  the  recent  species  described 
by  Heron-Allen  and  Earland  from  the  Kerimba  Archipelago  off  the 
southeastern  coast  of  Africa  occur  both  at  Bluffs  2  and  3,  Cercado  de 
Mao,  Santo  Domingo.  In  their  size,  shape,  and  peculiar  type  of 
coarse,  irregularly  reticulate  ornamentation  these  fossil  specimens  are 
strikingly  like  the  recent  African-Indian  Ocean  specimens.  The  same 


68    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

species  occurs  abundantly  in  the  recent  Philippine  material,  and  Millett 
records  it  from  the  Malay  Archipelago  under  the  name  Miliolina 
parkeri.  This  is  a  rather  interesting  distribution,  corresponding  some- 
what with  what  Vaughan  has  shown  for  some  genera  of  corals  now 
extinct  in  the  West  Indies,  but  found  living  in  the  Indo  Pacific. 

Quinqueloculina  parkeri  (H.  B.  Brady)  var.  bowdenensis,  new  variety. 
(Plate  14,  Figure  6.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  variety: 

Variety  differing  from  the  typical  mainly  in  the  reduced  amount  of  the 
ornamentation,  which  in  the  variety  consists  of  several  short  obliquely  trans- 
verse ridges  confined  to  the  periphery  of  the  test,  which  is  bluntly  angled. 

Length  0.5  mm. 

Type  specimen  (U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  328200)  from  the  Miocene  Bowden 
marl,  Jamaica. 

The  typical  form  of  the  species  is  known  from  the  East  Indian  region 
and  the  Red  Sea. 

Quinqueloculina  species  (?). 
(Plate  5,  Figure  8.) 

A  single  section  of  a  portion  of  a  specimen  of  Quinqueloculina  was 
noted  in  a  section  from  U.  S.  G.  S.  No.  6966,  southwest  shore  of  Crocus 
Bay,  Anguilla,  30  to  50  feet  above  sea-level.  From  what  is  present 
this  is  apparently  a  smooth,  angular  species,  but  nothing  further  can 
be  made  of  its  specific  determination. 

Triloculina  tricarinata  d'Orbigny. 
(Plate  14,  Figure  4.) 

Triloculina  tricarinata  d'Orbigny,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  vol.  7,  p.  299,  1826. 

Miliolina  tricarinata  H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  165,  plate  3, 
figs.  17  a,  b,  1884. 

A  single  specimen  of  this  tricarinate  species  was  found  in  the  Bowden 
marl  from  Bowden,  Jamaica.  It  is  not  sharply  carinate,  but  the 
aperture  is  very  characteristic. 

Triloculina  brongniartiana  d'Orbigny. 

Triloculina  brongniartiana  d'Orbigny,  in  De  la  Sagra,  Hist.  Fis.  Pol.  Nat.  Cuba,  "Foramin- 
iferes,"  p.  176,  plate  10,  figs.  6  to  8,  1839. 

A  few  finely  striate  specimens  from  the  Bowden  marl,  Bowden, 
Jamaica,  are  very  similar  to  the  figures  of  this  species  given  by  d'Or- 
bigny from  Cuba.  In  the  Challenger  Report,  Brady  refers  this  species 
with  a  question  to  the  later  name  T.  boueana  of  d'Orbigny,  but  the  two 
seem  to  be  distinct  and  the  fossil  specimens  under  consideration  are 
certainly  very  close  to  T.  brongniartiana.  Brady's  reference  to  their 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  69 

being  " young  examples,  in  a  Triloculine  condition"  is  erroneous,  as 
the  young  of  Triloculina  is  quinqueloculine  in  the  microspheric  form 
at  least,  while  the  young  of  Quinqueloculina  is  quinqueloculine  in  both 
forms,  microspheric  and  megalospheric.  Our  specimens,  too,  are 
larger  than  those  figured  by  Brady  as  T.  boueana. 

Triloculina  fichteliana  d'Orbigny. 

Triloculina  fichteliana  d'Orbigny,  in  De  la  Sagra,  Hist.  Fis.  Pol.  Nat.  Cuba,  "  Foraminiferes," 
p.  171,  plate  9,  figs.  8  to  10,  1839. 

A  single  specimen  referred  to  this  species  was  found  in  the  material 
from  Bluff  3,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 

Biloculina  species. 

Two  small  specimens  of  Biloculina  were  found  in  the  material  from 
Bluff  3,  Cercado  de  Mao,  but  are  not  in  condition  to  identify  them 
specifically.  A  single  small  specimen  was  also  found  in  marl  from 
station  3461,  gorge  of  Yumuri  River,  Matanzas,  Cuba,  collected  by 
T.  W.  Vaughan.  Specimens  referred  to  B.  bulloides  d'Orbigny  were 
obtained  from  the  Miocene  of  the  Panama  Canal  Zone  and  from 
Florida. 

Vertebralina  cassis  d'Orbigny. 

Vertebralina  cassis  d'Orbigny,  in  De  la  Sagra,  Hist.  Fis.  Pol.  Nat.  Cuba,  ''Foraminiferes/1 
p.  51,  plate  7,  figs.  14,  15,  1839. 

From  the  material  from  Zone  H,  Rio  Cana,  Santo  Domingo,  a  single 
specimen  was  obtained.  It  is  of  the  form  figured  by  d'Orbigny  as  V. 
cassis  and  has  the  typical  ornamentation,  although  somewhat  eroded. 

Vertebralina  striata  d'Orbigny. 
(Plate  14,  Figure  3.) 

Jones  and  Parker  record  this  species  in  their  list  of  Foraminifera 
from  the  Bowden  marl,  Jamaica.  I  have  found  a  single  specimen  in 
my  material,  figured  here. 

Peneroplis  pertusus  Forskal  var.  discoideus  Flint. 

Peneroplis  pertusus  var.  discoideus  Flint,  Ann.  Rep.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1897,  p.  304,  plate  49, 
figs.  1,  2,  1899. 

These  specimens  from  Bluff  3,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo, 
are  identical  with  this  peculiar  variety  described  by  Flint  from  the 
shallow  water  of  Key  West  Harbor,  Florida. 

Peneroplis  pertusus  Forskal  variety. 

A  single  specimen  from  Bluff  3,  Cercado  de  Mao,  has  the  typical 
form  of  Orbiculina  adunca,  but,  as  the  chambers  throughout  seem  to  be 
undivided,  the  specimen  is  a  true  Peneroplis. 


70    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

Orbiculina  adunca  (Fichtel  and  Moll). 

Orbiculina  adunca  (Fichtel  and  Moll)  d'Orbigny  in  De  la  Sagra,  Hist.  Fis.  Pol.  Nat.  Cuba, 
"Foraminif feres,"  p.  64,  plate  8,  figs.  8  to  16,  1839. 

Specimens  of  this  common  West  Indian  species  occur  at  Zones  H 
and  I,  Rio  Cana,  and  Bluffs  2  and  3,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 

Orbiculina  compressa  d'Orbigny. 
(Plate  7,  Figure  6.) 

Orbiculina  compressa  d'Orbigny,  in  De  la  Sagra,  Hist.  Fis.  Pol.  Nat.  Cuba,  "  Foraminif eres," 
p.  66,  plate  8,  figs.  4  to  7,  1839;  Jones,  Parker,  and  H.  B.  Brady,  Crag  Foram.,  Pal. 
Soc.,  vol.  19,  p.  21,  plate  3,  fig.  43,  1866;  Hill,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  vol.  34,  p. 
147,  1899. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Test  flattened,  circular  or  elliptical  in  outline,  early  chambers  spiral,  soon 
extending  back  to  make  a  crosier-formed  test,  after  which  by  further  elonga- 
tions the  chamber  ends  meet  and  form  annuli;  wall  calcareous,  smooth,  aper- 
tures circular  openings  about  the  peripheral  wall. 

Diameter  up  to  3  mm. 

This  species  is  not  uncommon  in  the  Bowden  material  from  Jamaica, 
but  is  frequently  broken,  due  to  the  thin,  entirely  calcareous  test  and 
the  weakness  that  easily  develops  along  the  sutural  lines.  In  Hill's 
list  of  the  species  identified  by  Doctor  Bagg  both  0.  compressa  and 
0.  adunca  are  given.  Among  the  specimens  I  have  seen  there  is  none 
that  is  the  typical  thick  form  of  0.  adunca;  but  all  are  thin,  flattened, 
and  develop  annuli  very  early,  and,  therefore,  are  typical  0.  compressa. 

Orbitolites  (Sorites)  duplex  Carpenter. 
(Plate  5,  Figures  9,  10.) 

The  material  from  U.  S.  G.  S.  No.  6949,  Simson  Bay  Point,  St.  Martin, 
numerous  specimens  of  a  medium-sized  Orbitolites.  Vertical  sections 
of  material  from  this  station  are  shown  on  plate  5,  figure  9.  As  a  rule 
the  specimens  are  much  like  0.  duplex  in  section.  According  to 
Douville",  current  conceptions  of  Orbitolites  need  much  revision.  The 
true  Orbitolites,  with  0.  complanata  as  the  type,  from  the  Eocene  of  the 
Paris  Basin,  seems  to  be  not  found  living  at  the  present  time.  A 
portion  of  a  horizontal  section  from  U.  S.  G.  S.  No.  6894,  southwest 
side  of  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  shows  a  few  chambers  in  which  the  con- 
nections between  the  adjacent  chambers  seem  much  more  like  those  in 
Sorites  Ehrenberg,  which,  according  to  Douville*,  includes  the  recent 
species  0.  marginata  and  0.  duplex.  The  fossil  Orbitolites  need  a 
careful  revision  from  a  study  of  carefully  sectioned  material. 

Specimens  very  similar  to  the  above  occur  at  the  following  stations 
in  Cuba,  collected  by  T.  W.  Vaughan:  3440,  northeast  part  of  Santiago, 
in  marl  on  hillside;  3443,  northeast  part  of  Santiago,  marl  at  foot  of 
hills,  and  3446,  first  deep  cutting  on  railroad  east  of  La  Cruz,  near 
Santiago. 


FOSSIL   FORAMINIFERA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  71 

Orbitolites  complanata  (Lamarck)  variety. 

Orbitolites  complanata  (Lamarck)  H.  B.  Brady,  Rep.  Voy.  Challenger,  Zoology,  vol.  9,  p.  218, 
plate  16,  fig.  1,  1884. 

The  form  of  0.  complanata)  very  abundant  in  a  fine  sandy  material 
from  Bluff  3,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo,  differs  from  the  ordi- 
nary form  of  this  species  in  being  thinner,  more  like  0.  duplex,  but 
with  the  multiple  chambers  of  0.  complanata;  the  apertures,  however, 
occur  in  a  very  narrow  band  along  the  center  of  the,  peripheral  face. 
These  characters  are  very  constant. 

Alveolina  species  (?). 
(Plate  5,  Figure  14.) 

A  single  specimen,  apparently  a  longitudinal  section  of  Alveolina 
occurs  in  sectioned  material  from  U.S. G.  S.  No.  6949,  Simson  Bay 
Point,  St.  Martin,  Leeward  Islands.  It  occurs  with  abundant  Orbitolites. 


CUSHMAN 


PLATE  1 


1.  Orthophragmina  antillea,  n.  sp.     Type  specimen,    X  4.     Radiating  ribs  and  central  umbonal 

mass  only  shown. 

2.  Orthopragmina  marginata,  n.  sp.     Type  specimen,  X  4.     Upper  marginal  portion  of  specimen 

broken  away. 

3.  Lepidocydina  gigas,  n.  sp.     Type  specimen,  0.8  natural  size.     Specimen  incomplete. 

4  and  5.  Lepidocydina  gigas,  n.  sp.     Two  smaller  specimens  from  type  locality,  0.8  natural  size. 


CUSHMAN 


PLATE  2 


1.  Rock  specimen,  0.8  natural  size,  made  up  largely  of  (a)  Lepidocyclinaundosa,  n.  =p.,  and  (6)  Het- 
erostegina  antillea,  n.  sp. 

2  and  3.  Vertical  sections  of  Orthophragmina  antillea,  n.  sp.      X  16. 

4.  Vertical  section  of  part  of  central  umbonal  portion  and  peripheral  flange  and  thickened  peri- 
phery of  Orthophragmina  marginata,  n.  sp.  X  16. 


CUSHMAN 


PLATE  3 


1.  Rock  specimen,  0.75  natural  nze,  made  up  largely  of  (a)  Lepidocyclina  undulata,  n.  sp.,  (b)  L. 

favosa,  n.  sp. 

2.  Reverse  of  specimen  shown  in  fig.  1. 

3.  Lepidocyclina  antillea,  n.  sp.     Vertical  section.      X  15« 

4.  Lepidocyclina  parvula,  n.  sp.     Section  somewhat  oblique,  showing  two  slightly  unequal  early 

chambers,  with  few  chambers  following  a  trace  of  a  spiral  arrangement.      X  15.         ' 

5.  6,  7.  Lepidocyclina  parvula,  n.  sp.    Vertical  01  slightly  oblique  sections  showing  equatorial  and 

lateral  chambers.     Figs.  5  and  6,   X  15;  fig.  7.   X  7.5. 

8.  Lepidocyclina  undulata,  n.  sp.     Portion  of  horizontal  section.      X  7.5. 

9.  Lepidocyclina  undulata,  n.  sp.     Portion  of  vertical  section.      X  7.5. 


*V-* 


CUSHMAN 


PLATE  4 


1.  Nummulites  antillea,  n.  sp.    Photograph  of  type  specimen.     X  5.     Specimen  somewhat  eroded, 

showing  traces  of  chamber  walls,. 

2.  Section  of  portion  on  N.  antillea,  n.  sp.    X  20.     At  upper  right  hand  are  few  equatorial  cham- 

bers of  Orthophragmina  antillea,  n.  sp. 

3.  Nummulites  parvula,  n.  sp.     Accidental  weathered  specimen.     X  8. 

4.  5,  and  6.  Vertical  section  of  N.  parvula,  n.  sp.     X  20.     Figure  4  also  shows  a  vertical  section 

of  a  portion  of  Orthophragmina  antillea,  n.  sp.,  through  two  radial  ribs. 
7.  Gypsina  globulus,  Reuss.     Transverse  section.    X  20. 


CUSHMAN 


PLATE  5 


1.  Heterostegina  antillea,  n.  sp.,  vertical  sections,  one 

through  the  proloculum.      X  20. 

2.  Oblique   section   of   H.  antillea,  n.  sp.,  showing 

some  of  the  chamberlets.      X  20. 

3.  Carpenteria  proteus,  n.  sp.,  section  through  several 

chambers.      X  20. 

4.  Lepidocydina  gigas,  n.  sp.,  section  through  a  por- 

tion of  the  hexagonal  chambers.      X  20. 
5  and  6.  Heterosteginoides  antillea,  n.  sp.      X  20. 

7.  Textularia  sp.     Longitudinal  section.      X  20. 

8.  Quinqueloculina  sp.     Incomplete  transverse  sec- 

tion.     X  20. 


Spirolociilina  sp.  Section  of  two  specimens,  also 
vertical  sections  of  Orbitolites  (Sorites)  duplex 
Carpenter.  X  20. 

10.  Horizontal  section  through  a  few  chambers  of 

Orbitolites  duplex  Carpenter.      X  20.          « 

11.  Nonionina   sp.     Section,    X    20,   from   Station 

6884,  Anguilla. 

12.  Spiroloculina  sp.    Transverse  section.     X  20. 

13.  Globigerina  sp.     Section.      X  20. 

14.  Alveolina  sp.     Section.      X  20. 


CUSHMAN 


PLATE  6 


1,2,  and  3.  Haplostiche  dubia  var.  intermedia,  n.  var.      X  15. 

4.  Haplostiche  dubia  var.  intermedia,  n.  var..  horizontal  section,  showing  divisions  of  the  interior. 

X  20. 

5.  Textularia  barrettii  Jones  and  Parker,  end  view.      X  20. 

6.  Textularia  barrettii  Jones  and  Parker,  front  view.      X  20. 

7.  Textularia  barrettii  Jones  and  Parker,  horizontal  section,  showing  irregular  labyrinthic  interior. 

8.  Cristellaria  calcar  var.  aspinosa,  n.  var.      X  20. 
All  specimens  from  the  Bowden  marl. 


CUSHMAN 


PLATE  7 


1.  Cuneolina  pavonia  d'Orbigny.      X  12. 

2.  Cuneolina  pavoniva  var.  angusta,  n.  var.    X  12. 

3.  4,  and  5.  Nodosaria  vertebralis  Batsch.    X  12. 


6.  Orbiculina  compressa  d'Orbigny.      X  12. 

7.  Amphistegina  lessonii  d'Orbigny.      X  12. 
All  specimens  from  the  Bowden  marl. 


CUSHMAN 


PLATE  8 


1.  Frondicularia  alata  d'Orbigny.     X  13.     From 

Bowden  marl. 

2.  Cristellaria  bowdenensis,  n.  sp.      X  13.     From 

Bowden  marl. 

3.  Globigerina  sp.?      X  18.     Cuba,  Station  7664. 

4.  Polymorphinasv-t    X  18.  Cuba,  Station  7664. 


5.  Nonionina  sp.?    X  18.  Cuba,  Station  6117. 

6.  Rotaliform  species.     X  18.    Cuba,  Station 

7513. 

7.  Linderina  sp.?     X  18.    Cuba,  Station  3448. 

8.  Linderina  sp.?     X  18.    Cuba,  Station  7666. 


CUSHMAN 


PLATE 


1.  Gypsina  globulus'var.  pilaris  H.  B.  Brady.     Exterior  X  15.     From  Bowden  marl. 

2.  Gypsina  globulus  var.  pilaris  H.  B.  Brady.      X  15.     Section  from  Bowden  marl. 

3.  Orthophragmina  cubensis,  n.  sp.   Vertical  section.      X  20.     Cuba,  Station  3448. 

4  and  5.  Orthophragmina  crassa,  n.  sp.  Vertical  sections.      X  20.     Cuba,  Station  6122. 

6.  Orthophragmina  pustulata,  n.  sp.     Exterior.   X  20.     Cuba,  Station  3478. 

7.  Orthophragmina  pustulata,  n.  sp.     Slightly  oblique  section,  showing  equatorial  chambers,  pil- 

lars, and  lateral  chambers,   X  20.     Cuba,  Station  3667. 

8.  Orthophragmina  sculpturata,  n.  sp.  Vertical  section.      X  20.     Cuba,  Station  3478. 

9.  Orthophragmina  sculpturata,  n.  sp.   Oblique  section,  showing  rectangular,  elongate,  equatorial 

chambers,  large  pillars  with  a  single  series  of  lateral  chambers,  between.      X  20. 


CUSHMAN 


PLATE  10 


1.  Orthophragmina  pustulata,  n.  sp.     Oblique  section.      X  16.     Cuba,  Station  3448. 

2.  Section  of  rock  from  Cuba,  Station  6125,  showing  vertical  sections  of  Orthophragmina  crassa, 

n.  sp.  (large),  O.  cubensis  (small  at  bottom),  and  O.  subtaramellei,  at  right.   X   16. 

3.  Section  of  rock  from  Cuba,  sections  of  Orthophragmina  cubensis.      X  16. 

4.  Section  of  rock  from  Cuba,  Station  3476,  showing  several  sections  of  Orthophragmina  cubensis, 

n.  sp.  on  right  and  one  of  O.  crassa,  n.  sp.  on  left. 


CUSHMAN 


PLATE  11 


1.  Lepidocyclina  morgani  Lemoine  and  R.  Douville. 

2.  Lepidocyclina  morgani  Lenoire  and  R'  Douville. 

3.  Lepidocyclina  morgani  Lenoire  and  R.  Douville. 

4.  Lepidocyclina  crassata,  n.  sp.     Vertical  section,   X 


Exterior.     X  6.     Cuba,  Station  7664. 
Vertical  section.   X  16.     Cuba,  Station  7664. 
Vertical  section.  X  16.     Cuba,  Station  7543. 
16.     Cuba,  Station  7513. 


5.  Lepidocyclina  crassata,  n.  sp.     Vertical  section,  young.      X  16.     Cuba,  Station  7521. 

6.  Lepidocyclina  subraulinii,  n.  sp.     Exterior.      X  4.     Cuba,  Station  3478. 

7.  Lepidocyclina  subraulinii,  n.  sp.     Vertical  section.      X  8.     Cuba,  Station  3478. 

8.  Lepidocyclina  perundosa,  n.  sp.  section.      X  8.     Cuba,  Station  3478. 


CUSHMAN 


PLATE  12 


1  and  2.  Lepidocydina  marginata  (Michellotti).     Exterior.     X  4.     Cuba,  Station  7518. 

3  and  4.  Lepidocydina  sumatrensis  (Brady).     Vertical  sections.1    X  16.     Cuba,  Station  7516. 

5.  Lepidocydina  subraulinii,  n.  sp.     Portion  of  vertical  section.      X  16.     Cuba,  Station  7666. 

6.  Lepidocydina  subraulinii,  n.  sp.     Portion  of  oblique  section,  showing  some  of  the  equatorial 

and  lateral  chambers.     X  16.     Cuba,  Station  7666. 

7.  Lepidocydina  canvellei  var.   yurnagunensis,  n.  var.     Portion  of  horizontal   section,  showing 

several  embryonic  chambers,  a  portion  of  equatorial  chambers,  and  at  the  side  the 
lateral  chambers.    X  16.     Cuba,  Station  7548. 

8.  Rock  section  showing  numerous  nearly  vertical  sections  of  Lepidocydina  canellei  var.  yurna- 

gunensis, n.  var.    X  16.     Cuba,  Station  7548. 


CUSHMAN 


PLATE  13 


1.  Asterigerina  angulata,  n.  sp.     (a)   Dorsal  view;  (6)  ventral  view.     X  24.     Rio  Cana,  Zone  I  . 

2.  Asterigerina  rodundata,  n.  sp.     Apertural  view.      X  24.     Rio  Gurabo,  Zone  G. 

3.  Asterigerina  tuberculata,  n.  sp.     (a)   Dorsal  view;    (b)  ventral  view;    (c)  side  view.      X   24. 

Rio  Cana,  Zone  I. 

4.  Asterigerina  tuberculata,   n.  sp.     Side   view  of   a   more  truncate   specimen   from   the  same 

section.      X  24. 
All  specimens  from  Santo  Domingo. 


CUSHMAN 


PLATE  14 


1.  Bolivina  lobata  var.  cubensis,  n.  var.      X  80.     Matanzas,  Cuba,  Station  3461. 

2.  Sphceroidina  dehiscens  var.  immature,,  n.  var.      X  40.     Bowden  marl,  Bowden,  Jamaica. 

3.  Vertebralina  striata  d'Orbignj^.      X  40.     Bowden,  Jamaica. 

4.  Triloculina  tricarinata  d'Orbigny.      X  40.     Bowden,  Jamaica. 

5.  Quinqueloculina  sp.  cf.  Q.  kerimbatica  Heron-Allen  and  Earland.     X  24.    Bowden,  Jamaica. 

6.  Quinqueloculina  parkeri  var.  bowdenensis,  n.  var.      X  40.     Bowden,  Jamaica. 

7.  Siphonina  pulchra,  n.  sp.    (a)  Dorsal  view;  (6)  ventral  view;  (c)  apertural  view.    X  40.    Matan- 

zas, Cuba,  Station  3461. 


CUSHMAN 


PLATE  15 


1,  2,  and  3.  Orthophragmina  subtaramellei,  n.  sp.  1,  2,  more  regular  pentagonal  specimens; 
3,  irregularly  hexagonal  specimen.  X  32.  Specimens  from  Boston  manganese 
mine,  Santiago,  Cuba. 

4.  Lepidocydina  favosa,  n.  sp.,  showing  central  pitted  and  thickened  portion  and  the   doubly 

curved  test.      X  6. 

5.  Lepidocydina  undulata,   n.   sp.     Fragmentary  specimen,  showing    large    size    and    undulate 

character  of  surface,  0.8  natural  size. 


III. 
FOSSIL  BRYOZOA  FROM  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

BY  FERDINAND  CANU  AND  RAY  S.  BASSLEK. 


With  seven  plates. 


73 


FOSSIL  BRYOZOA  FROM  THE  WEST  INDIES. 


BY  FERDINAND  CANU  AND  RAY  S.  BASSLER. 


The  paper  here  presented  contains  descriptions  and  illustrations  of 
West  Indian  Tertiary  Bryozoa  submitted  to  us  by  Dr.  T.  W.  Vaughan. 
The  collection  from  Antigua  and  Anguilla  was  made  by  Doctor 
Vaughan;  that  from  Bowden,  Jamaica,  was  made  by  Messrs.  J.  B. 
Henderson  and  C.  T.  Simpson;  and  that  from  Santo  Domingo  was 
made  by  Dr.  Carlotta  J.  Maury.  The  specimens  from  Costa  Rica  and 
Panama  were  obtained  by  Messrs.  MacDonald  and  Vaughan. 

The  fossil  bryozoan  faunas  of  the  West  Indies  and  Central  America 
are  of  upper  Oligocene  and  lower  Miocene  age. 

Distribution  of  Oligocene  and  lower  Miocene  Bryozoa  of  West  Indies  and  Central  America. 


Oligocene. 

Lower  Miocene. 

1 
1 

1 
| 

1 

9 

Recent. 

Species  of  Bryozoa. 

Antigua  formation. 

"S 
< 

Emperador,  lime- 
1  stone. 

Bowden  marl  of 
Bowden,  Jamaica. 

Bowden  horizon  at 
Cercado  de  Mao, 
Santo  Domingo. 

Bowden  horizon  at 
Rio  Cana,  Santo 
Domingo,  etc. 

1  Gatun  formation 
1  of  Costa  Rica. 

x 

Membranipora  vaughani,  n.  sp  

X 
X 

x 

Cupuladria  canariensis  Busk,  1859                            

X 

x 

X 

X 

x 

X 

Acanthodesia  savarti  forma  texturata  Reuss,  1847  

Acanthodesia  savarti  forma  monilifera,  new  form  

X 

Callopora  dumerilii  var.  Jata,  n.  var  

x 

Callopora  tenella  Hincks,  1880              

X 

X 

Ogivalina  mutabilis,  n.  sp  

X 

X 

Nellia  oculata  Busk,  1852  

X 

X 

x 

Floridina  pyripora,  n.  sp  

X 
V 

X 

Floridina  f  usifera,  n.  sp  

Lunularia  sp  

X 

x 

X 

x 

Hemiseptella  grandicella,  n.  sp  

x 

Hemiseptella  lata,  n.  sp  

XXXX 

Cupuladria  umbellata  Defrance,  1823         

X 

X 

.... 

x 

X 

Corvnostylus  labiatus,  n.  sp  

Corynostylus  ellipticus,  n.  sp                

Thalamoporella  granulata  Levinsen,  1909  

X 
X 

x 

Thalamoporella  biperforata,  n.  sp     

X 

X 

X 
X 

Steganoporella  parvicella,  n.  sp  

Labiopora  miocenica,  n.  sp  

X 

Puellina  radiata  carolinensis  Gabb  and  Horn,  1862  
Schizopodrella  mutabilis,  n.  sp  

X 

X 

X 

Schizopodrella  unicornis  Johnston,  1847  

x 

X 
X 
X 

X 
X 
X 

Stylopoma  spongites  Pallas,  1766  

x 
x 

X 

Stephanosella  biaperta  Michelin,  1842  

Gemelliporella  punctata,  n.  sp  

X 

Hippomenella  infratelum,  n.  sp  

X 

X 

x 

Hippoporina  lata  Smitt,  1862  

x 

Porella  bella  Busk,  1860  

X 

Smittina  (?)  brevis,  n.  sp  

X 

Rhamphostomella  laticella,  n.  sp  

x 

Rhynchozoon  vaughani,  n.  sp  

X 
X 

Metrarabdotos  colligatum,  n.  sp  

X 

X 

Metrarabdotos  lacrymosum,  n.  sp  

Adeona  porosa,  n.  sp  

X 

Adeona  heckeli  Reuss,  1847  

x 

x 

x 

X 

'x' 

Bracebridgia  deformis,  n.  sp  

x 

Holoporella  albirostris  Smitt,  1873  

X 

X 

X 

x 

X 

Stichoporina  tuberosa,  n.  sp  

X 
X 

X 

X 

Idmonea  milneana  d'Orbigny,  1839  

75 


76    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

Locality  and  faunal  list. 

Oligocene  (Emperador  limestone)  old  quarry,  one-third  mile  north  of  west  of  Empire,  Panama 
Canal  Zone  (loc.  No.  6016) : 

Ogivalina  mutabilis,  n.  sp.  Holoporella  albirostris  Smitt,  1873. 

Oligocene  (Antigua  formation),  Carlisle  marl  pit,  Antigua,  Leeward  Islands  (loc.  No.  6873): 
Calpensia  impressa  Moll,  1803. 

Oligocene  (Antigua  formation),  Rifle  Butts,  Antigua,  Leeward  Islands  (loc.  No.  6854) : 
Floridina  pyripora,  n.  sp.  Hippoporina  lata  Smitt,  1862. 

Floridina  fusifera,  n.  sp.  Porella  bella  Busk,  1860. 

Puellina   radiata  carolinensis  Gabb  and 
Horn,  1862. 

Oligocene  (Anguilla  formation),  southwest  side  of  Crocus  Bay  bluffs,  uppermost  horizon,   125 
feet  above  sea-level,  Anguilla,  Leeward  Islands  (loc.  No.  6967) : 

Callopora  dumerilli  var.  lata,  n.  var.  Puellina    radiata    carolinensis    Gabb    and 

Floridina  pyripora,  n.  sp.  Horn,  1862. 

Oligocene  (Anguilla  formation),  southwest  side  of  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  Leeward  Islands  (loc. 
No.  6894) : 

Holoporella  albirostris  Smitt,  1873.  Stylopoma  spongites  Pallas,  1766. 

Oligocene  (Anguilla  formation),  along  roadside,  Crocus  Bay  Hill,  descent  to  Crocus  Bay  from 
valley,  Anguilla,  Leeward  Islands  (loc.  No.  6893) : 

Stephanosella  biaperta  Michelin,  1842.         Ogivalina  mutabilis,  n.  sp. 

Lower  Miocene  (Gatun  formation),  Banana  River,  Costa  Rica: 

Cupularia  umbellata  Def ranee,  1823.  Stichopoiina  tuberosa,  n.  sp. 

Cupuladria  canariensis  Busk,  1859 

Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  marl),  Bowden,  Jamaica: 

Steganoporella  parvicella,  n.  sp.  Stylopoma  spongites  Pallas,  1766. 

Cupularia  umbellata  Defrance,  1823.  Schizopodrella  unicornis  Johnston,  1847. 

Cupuladria  canariensis  Busk,  1859.  Gemelliporella  punctata,  n.  sp. 

Conopeum  ovale,  n.  sp  Rhamphostomella  laticella,  n.  sp. 

Acanthodesia  savarti  forma  texturata  Metrarabdotos  lacrymosum,  n.  sp. 

Reuss,  1847.  Adeona  heckeli  Reuss,  1847. 

Callopora  tenella  Hincks,  1880.  Bracebridgia  deformis,  n.  sp. 

Hemiseptella  grandicella,  n.  sp.  Holoporella  albirostris  Smitt,  1873. 

Thalamoporella  biperforata,  n.  sp.  Stichoporina  tuberosa,  n.  ap. 

Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao  (bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo: 

Membranippra  vaughani,  n.  sp.  Hippomenella  infratelum,  n.  sp. 

Acanthodesia  savarti  forma  monilifera,  Schizopodrella  (?)  mutabilis,  n.  sp. 

new  form.  Smittina  (?)  brevis,  n.  sp. 

Nellia  oculata  Busk,  1852.  Rhynchozoon  vaughani  n.  sp. 

Cupuladria  umbellata  Defrance,  1823.  Metrarabdotos  colligatum,  n.  sp. 

Cupuladria  canariensis  Busk,  1859.  Adeona  porosa,  n.  sp. 

Steganoporella  parvicella,  n.  sp.  Idmonea  milneana  D  'Orbigny,  1839. 

Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao  (bluff  2),  Santo  Domingo: 
Cupularia  umbellata  Defrance,  1823. 

Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Rio  Gurabo  (zone  D),  Santo  Domingo: 

Lunularia  species.  Thalamoporella  biperforata,  n.  sp. 

Cupularia  umbellata  Defrance,  1823.  Labiopora  miocenica,  n.  sp. 

Cupuladria  canariensis  Busk,  1859.  Stichoporina  tuberosa,  n.  sp. 

Thalamoporella  granulata  Levinsen,  1909. 

Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Rio  Cana  (zone  I),  Santo  Domingo: 

Stichoporina  tuberosa,  n.  sp.  Cupuladria  canariensis  Busk,  1859. 

Thalamoporella  biperforata,  n.  ap. 

Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Rio  Cana  (zone  H),  Santo  Domingo: 
Metrarabdotos  colligatum,  n.  sp. 


FOSSIL   BRYOZOA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  77 

Class  BRYOZOA. 
Order  CHEILOSTOMATA  Busk. 

Suborder  ANASCA  Levinsen. 

Group  MEMBRANrPORE  Canu  and  Bassler. 

Genus  CONOPEUM  Norman,  1903. 

Conopeum  ovale,  new  species. 

(Plate  5,  Figure  6.) 

The  zoarium  incrusts  shells.  The  zooecia  are  oval,  elongate,  distinct, 
separated  by  a  deep  furrow;  the  mural  rim  is  wide,  flat,  almost  smooth;  the 
opesium  is  elliptical  or  oval. 

Measurements.1 — Opesium :  ho  =  0.30  mm.,  lo  =  0.15  mm. ;  zocecium :  Lz  =  0.35 
mm.,  te  =  0.25  mm. 

Affinities. — The  figured  specimen  is  the  only  one  that  has  been 
found  and  as  it  is  incomplete  it  is  impossible  for  us  to  present  a  detailed 
study  of  the  species.  The  ancestrular  zooecia  are  calcified.  A  small 
avicularium  appears  to  be  present  between  the  mural  rims  of  some 
zooecia. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  marl),  Bowden,  Jamaica 
(very  rare). 

Genus  MEMBRANIPORA  Blainville,  1834. 

Membranipora  vaughani,  new  species. 

(Plate  2,  Figure  1.) 

Cfr.  Membranipora  tuberculata  Busk,  Fossil  Polyzoa  of  the  Crag,  Paleontographical  Society, 
p.  30,  plate  n,  fig.  1,  1859. 

Measurements. — Opesium:  /io  =  0.32  to  0.36  mm.,  Zo  =  0.22  to  0.24  mm.; 
zocecium:  1/2  =  0.40  to  0.44  mm.,  Zz  =  0.32  mm. 

The  figured  specimen  is  the  only  one  found.  It  incrusts  a  small, 
very  convex  mollusc  which  has  deformed  the  zooecia  by  its  shape. 
This  is  not  the  species  of  Busk,  1858,  nor  that  of  Bosc,  1830,  which  it 
resembles  only  in  the  presence  of  large  interopesial  tubercles,  but  we 
can  not  fully  define  a  new  species  upon  such  a  minute  fragment. 

The  figured  specimen  is  really  too  large  in  its  micrometric  measure- 
ments to  be  compared  with  the  species  figured  by  Busk,  1859. 

Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao  (Bluff  3),  Santo 
Domingo. 

CUPULADRIA,  new  genus. 

Etymology. — Modification  of  Cupularia. 

No  ovicell.    The  zoarium  bears  vibracula.    No  gymnocyst. 

Genotype. — Cupuladria  (Cupularia)  canariensis  Busk,  1859. 

Range. — Miocene-Recent. 

The  genotype  does  not  belong  at  all  to  the  genus  Cupularia  as  we 
now,  understand  this  genus  and  as  it  is  defined  by  its  type  species. 
There  are  neither  opesiules  nor  cryptocyst.  Previously,  Smitt,  in  1872, 

1  In  the  citation  of  measurements,  ho  is  the  length  and  lo  the  width  of  the  opesia,  Lz  and  Iz  simi- 
larly the  length  and  width  of  the  zooecia,  Lv  and  Iv  the  same  for  the  vibraculum,  I/on  and 
Ion  for  the  onychocellaria,  ha  and  la  for  the  apertura,  etc. 


78    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

classified  the  genotype  more  correctly  in  Membranipora,  as  this  genus 
was  then  understood.  It  can  not,  however,  be  maintained  in  Mem- 
branipora,  since  its  significance  has  been  more  restricted.  We  have 
therefore  been  obliged  to  create  a  new  genus  characterized  by  the 
presence  of  vibracula,  although  these  organs  of  zoarial  adaptation  may 
not  logically  furnish  good  generic  characters.  We  only  add  a  letter  to 
the  primitive  term  to  modify  the  long  synonymy  of  this  species  as  little 
as  possible. 

This  genus  differs  from  Heliodoma  Calvet,  1907,  in  the  absence  of  a 
gymnocyst.  The  absence  of  an  endozooecial  ovicell  does  not  permit 
it  to  be  confused  with  either  Vibracellina  Canu  and  Bassler,  1917,  or 
Setosellina  Calvet,  1907. 

Cupuladria  canariensis  Busk,  1859. 
(Plate  1,  Figures  8  to  10.) 

Cupularia  canariensis  Busk,  Monograph  fossil  Polyzoa  of  the  Crag,  Publications  Paleonto" 

graphical  Society,  London,  XIV,  p.  87,  plate  13,  fig.  2,  1859. 
Membranipora  canariensis  Smitt,  Floridan  Bryozoa,  collected  by  Count  L.  F.  de  Pourtales, 

Pt.  I,  Kongl.  Svenska  Vetenskaps-Akademiens  Handlingar,  X,  No.  11,  p.  10, 1872. 
Cupularia  canariensis  Canu,  Iconographie  des  Bryozoaires  fossiles  de  L' Argentina,  Premiere 

partie.     Anales  del  Museo  Nacional  de  Buenos  Aires,  tome  XVII,  p.  275,  plate  v 

figs.  8  to  10  (gives  bibliography),  1908. 
Cupularia  guineensis  Norman,  The  Polyzoa  of  Madeira  and  neighboring  islands,  Journal 

Linnean  Society  London,  Zoology,  XXX,  p.  289,  plate  37,  figs.  2  and  6,  1909. 
Cupularia  canariensis  Canu,  Contributions  a  1'etude  des  Bryozoaires  fossiles,  IV,  Pliocene 

d'Alger,  Bulletin  Societe  Geologique  France  (4),  XIII,  p.  124,  128,  1914. 
Cupularia  guiniensis  Osburn,  The  Bryozoa  of  the  Tortugas  Islands,  Florida,  Carnegie  Inst. 

Wash.  Pub.  No.  182,  p.  194,  1914. 
Cupularia  canariensis  Canu,  Bryozoaires  fossiles  des  Terraines  du  Sud-Ouest  de  la  France, 

IX,  Aquitanien,  Bulletin  de  la  Societe  Geologique  de  France  (4),  XVI,  p.  137,  plate 

m,  figs.  4  to  6. 

This  species  may  be  considered  as  equatorial.  In  spite  of  its  geologic 
extension,  it  has  never  left  the  tropical  zone  or  its  immediate  latitudes. 
Like  Membranipora  tuber culata  Bosc,  1802,  it  appears  to  have  been 
carried  to  America  by  the  equatorial  current.  It  is  comparatively 
rare  in  our  fossils  and  has  never  been  found  north  of  southern  Florida. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Bowden,  Jamaica 
(rare);  Rio  Gurabo,  Rio  Cana,  and  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo 
(rare);  lower  Miocene  (Gatun  formation),  Banana  River,  Costa  Rica 
(rare);  Miocene  (Choctawhatchee  marl),  Jackson  Bluff,  Ochlockonee 
River,  25  miles  southwest  of  Tallahassee,  Florida  (rare) ;  upper  Pliocene 
(Caloosahatchee  marl),  Monroe  County,  Florida  (rare). 

Geological  distribution. — Burdigalian  of  Bordeaux  (collection  Canu) ; 
Helvetian  of  France  (Canu) ;  of  Spain  (De  Angelis) ;  Tortonian  of 
Austria-Hungary  (Reuss);  of  Italy  (Seguenza);  Plaisancian  of  Italy 
(Manzoni) ;  of  England  (Busk) ;  of  Spain  (De  Angelis) ;  of  Algeria 
(Canu);  Astian  of  Italy  (Neviani,  Canu);  Sicilian  of  Rhodes  (Man- 
zoni); of  Italy  (Neviani);  Quaternary  of  Italy  (Neviani),  of  Argentina 
(Canu);  Miocene  of  Australia?  (Waters). 


FOSSIL   BRYOZOA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  79 

ACANTHODESIA,  new  genus. 
Greek:  aKav6i65ris  =  full  of  bristles. 
The  following  is  a  description  of  this  genus: 

No  ovicell.  The  opesium  is  garnished  laterally  by  small  spinous  processes 
and  inferiorly  by  a  serrate  denticle.  15  tentacles. 

Genotype. — Acanthodesia  (Flustra)  savartii  Savigny-Audouin,  1826. 

Range. — Lutetian-Recent. 

Another  species  of  this  new  genus  is  Membranipora  limosa  Waters, 
1908.  Waters  classified  the  genotype  in  the  same  group  as  Mem- 
branipora hians  Hincks,  1885.  This  is  incorrect,  since  Flustra  savartii 
is  deprived  of  opesiules  and  its  large  retractor  muscle  of  the  polypide 
inserted  on  the  median  axis  of  the  zocecium  assures  the  symmetry  of 
the  opesium;  moreover,  there  is  no  ovicell. 

The  spinous  processes  are  of  the  same  nature  as  those  of  the  genera 
Hemiseptella  Levinsen,  1909,  and  Cupularia  Def ranee,  1821,  but  they 
are  very  inconstant;  in  fact  they  have  not  been  noted  on  the  recent 
specimens,  nor  are  they  very  frequent  on  the  fossils.  On  the  contrary, 
the  serrate  denticle  is  rarely  found  in  the  fossil  examples. 

Acanthodesia  savartii  forma  monilifera,  new  form. 

(Plate  2,  Figures  2,  3.) 
The  following  is  a  description  of  this  form: 

The  zoarium  is  a  tube  formed  of  8  longitudinal  rows  of  zocecia,  incrusting 
the  radicells  of  algae.  The  zooecia  are  distinct,  much  elongated,  adjacent  at 
their  mural  rims,  almost  rectangular;  the  mural  rim  is  round,  salient,  orna- 
mented with  large,  regular  beads,  arranged  like  a  collar  around  each  zocecium. 
The  opesium  is  elongate,  elliptical  or  oval,  surrounded  and  crenulated  by  large 
tuberosities.  There  is  no  cryptocyst  developed. 

Measurements. — Opesium:  /io  =  0.34  mm.,  Zo  =  0.18  mm.;  zocecium:  1/2  =  0.48 
mm.,  Zz  =  0.28  mm. 

This  form  differs  from  typical  A  canthodesia  savartii  Savigny-Audouin, 
1826,  which  has  analogous  zocecia,  in  the  presence  of  granulations  on 
the  mural  rim.  Often  a  large  tubercle  is  developed  in  the  interzooecial 
angle.  But  a  single  specimen  of  this  superb  form  has  been  found. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao, 
(Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo. 

Acanthodesia  savartii  forma  texturata  Reuss,  1847. 
(Plate  5,  Figures  1  to  5.) 

Flustrellaria  texturata  Reuss,  Die  fossilen  Polyparien  des  Wiener-Tertiarbeckens,  Haidinger'a 

naturwissenschaftliche  Abhandlungen,  II,  p.  73,  plate  ix,  fig.  1,  1847. 
Biflustra  savarti  Smitt,  Floridan  Bryozoa,  collected  by  Count  L.  F.  de  Pourtales,  Part  I, 

Kongl.  Svenska  Vetenskaps-Akademiens  Handlingar,  X,  No.  11,  p.   20,   plate  iv, 

figs.  92  to  95,  1872. 
Flustrellaria  texturata  Manzoni,  I  Briozoi  fossili  del  Miocene  d'Austria  ed  Ungheria,  II  Parte 

Denkschriften  der  math,   natur.   Classe    der    k.  Akademie    der  Wissenschaften, 

XXXVII,  2  Abtheilung,  p.  67,  plate  13,  fig.  43,  1877. 


80    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  form: 

The  cryptocyst  is  developed  on  all  the  zocecia.  No  spinous  processes.  No 
tubercles.  The  zoarium  is  unilamellar  and  subcylindrical. 

Measurements. — Opesia:  /io  =  0.35  mm.,  Zo  =  0.20  mm.;  zocecia:  Lz  =  0.50 
mm.,  Zz  =  0.28  mm. 

Variations. — The  zoarium  incrusts  fine  algae  at  their  bifurcation;  it 
is  therefore  unilamellar  and  subcylindrical. 

The  zocecia  are  elongated,  ogival,  distinct;  the  mural  rim  is  striated, 
salient  only  in  the  distal  portion;  the  cryptocyst  is  large  and  concave. 
The  opesium  is  elliptical,  very  finely  denticulated  anteriorly;  it  often 
bears  thin  and  short  spinous  processes. 

Smitt  figured  the  serrate  denticle  on  the  recent  specimens;  it  never 
persists  on  the  fossil  examples.  On  the  inner  face  the  zooecia  are 
rectangular. 

Affinities. — The  presence  of  the  spinous  processes  differentiates  our 
specimens  from  Flustrellaria  texturata  from  the  European  Tortonian, 
which,  according  to  the  figures,  does  not  bear  them. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Bowden,  Jamaica; 
Pleistocene  or  Recent,  Vero,  Florida. 

Geologic  distribution. — Tortonian  of  Austria-Hungary  (Manzoni); 
Recent  off  Florida  (Smitt). 

Genus  OGIVALINA  Canu  and  Bassler,  1917. 

Ogivalina  mutabilis,  new  species. 

(Plate  1,  Figure  4.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

The  zoarium  is  incrusting.  The  zocecia  are  elongated,  oval,  distinct, 
separated  by  a  deep  furrow;  the  mural  rim  is  thin,  smooth,  rounded;  there  is 
often  a  small  gymnocyst.  The  opesium  is  very  large,  irregular,  more  often 
oval.  The  ovicell  is  endozocecial,  small,  little  convex.  Sometimes  there  is  a 
small  interzocecial  fusiform  avicularium  (?). 

Measurements. — Opesium:  /io=0.60  to  0.70  mm.,  £0  =  0.30  to  0.45  mm.; 
zocecium:  Lz=0.75  to  0.95  mm.,  Zz  =  0.50  to  0.70  mm. 

The  great  irregularity  of  form  and  zocecial  dimensions  of  this  species 
justifies  its  name.  There  are  some  variations  which  recall  those  of 
Membranipora  irregularis  Manzoni,  1875,1  which  possesses  a  mural 
rim  enlarged  at  the  base  and  also  some  large  interzocecial  avicularia. 

The  present  species  differs  from  the  splendid  Ogivalina  eximipora 
(Canu  and  Bassler,  1917)  from  the  middle  Jacksonian  in  its  smaller 
dimensions,  in  the  absence  of  cryptocyst,  and  in  the  presence  of  a 
gymnocyst.  The  avicularium  (?)  is  identical  in  form  and  position. 

Occurrence. — Oligocene  (Emperador  limestone),  old  quarry, one-third 
mile  north  of  west  of  Empire,  Panama  Canal  Zone,  D.  F.  MacDonald 
and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors,  1914,  loc.  No.  6016.  Oligocene  (Anguilla 
formation),  southwest  side  Crocus  Bay  Hill,  Anguilla,  Leeward  Islands, 
T.  W.  Vaughan,  collector,  1914,  loc.  No.  6893. 

1  Briozoi  del  pliocene  antico  di  Castrocaro,  Bologna,  p.  10,  plate  1,  figs.  5  and  8,  1875. 


FOSSIL   BRYOZOA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  81 

Genus  CALLOPORA  Gray,  1848. 

Callopora  dumerilii  var.  lata,  new  variety. 

(Plate  1,  Figure  1.) 

Membranipora  dumerilii  Canu,  fitude  des  bryozoaires  helvetiens  de  1'figypte,  M6moires  de 

1'Institut  figyptien,  VI,  p.  196,  plate  x,  fig.  7  (see  for  complete  bibliography),  1913. 
Membranipora  dumerilii  Levinsen,  Mosdyr,  Zoologica  danica,  heft  9,  p.  57,  plate  iv,  figs. 

22-25,  1894. 
Membranipora  guernei  Jullien,  Resultats  des  campagnes  scientifiques  du  Prince  de  Monaco, 

Fasc.  XXIII,  Bryozoaires  provenant  des  Campagnes  de  1'Hirondelle,  XXIII,  p.  4, 

plate  v,  fig.  3,  1903. 
Callopora  dumerilii  Norman,  On  the  Polyzoa  of  Madeira  and  neighboring  islands,  Linnean 

Society's  Journal,  Zool.,  XXX,  p.  287,  1909. 

This  new  variety  is  instituted  for  the  form  of  this  species  in  which 
a  certain  number  of  the  zocecia  have  only  a  single  avicularium  placed 
in  front  of  the  opesium,  as  in  the  genus  Ramphonotus.  On  these  speci- 
mens, moreover,  there  is  not  a  single  opesium  resembling  its  neighbor, 
but  in  general  the  elongated  zocecia  are  less  common.  For  this  reason 
we  have  believed  that  the  American  Jacksonian  and  the  Anguilla 
specimens  should  be  separated  as  a  variety.  The  differences  from  the 
recent  type  specimens  are  slight,  the  larger  size  of  the  opesium  measur- 
ing 0.25  mm.  in  the  species  instead  of  0.20  mm.  in  the  variety,  being 
too  small  a  difference  for  the  erection  of  a  new  species. 

American  occurrence. — Oligocene  (Anguilla  formation),  southwest 
side  Crocus  Bay  bluffs,  uppermost  horizon,  125  feet  above  sea-level, 
Anguilla,  Leeward  Islands,  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collector,  1914  (loc.  No. 
6967) ;  middle  Jacksonian,  Wilmington,  North  Carolina. 

Callopora  tenella  Hincks,  1880. 
(Plate  5,  Figure  10.) 

Membranipora  tenella  Hincks,  Annals  and  Magazine  Natural  History  (5),  vol.  6,  p.  25,  plate 

xvi,  fig.  7,  1880. 
Membranipora  tenella  Jelly,  A  synonymic  catalogue  of  recent  marine  Bryozoa,  p.  167,  1889. 

Affinities. — This  species  is  quite  easily  recognized  by  its  very  thin 
mural  rim  and  especially  by  its  small  tubercles  arranged  more  or  less 
symmetrically  on  the  gymnocyst.  These  tubercles  appear  to  be  hollow. 

The  great  geological  distribution  of  this  Recent  species  presupposes 
a  considerable  corresponding  geographical  distribution,  which  has  not 
yet  been  observed.  Osburn  did  not  discover  this  species  in  the  present 
Gulf  of  Mexico. 

The  species  may  perhaps  be  confused  with  Callopora  dumerilii 
Savigny-Audouin,  1826,  in  which  the  exterior  aspect  is  quite  similar; 
it  differs  from  it  in  the  presence  of  nodules  instead  of  avicularia  placed 
on  the  gymnocyst  (and  not  between  the  opesia). 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  marl),  Bowden,  Jamaica. 

Habitat. — Florida  (Hincks). 


82    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

Family  FARCIMINARHD^E  Busk,  1852. 

Genus  NELLIA  Busk,  1852. 

Nellia  oculata  Busk,  1852. 

(Plate  2,  Figures  5  to  7.) 

Farcimia  tenetta  Lamarck,  Histoire  naturelle  des  animaux  sans  vertebres,  vol.  2,  plate  2, 
figs.  26,  27,  1816. 

CeUaria  tenella  Lamarck,  Histoire  naturelle  des  animaux  sans  vertebres,  ed.  1,  11,  p.  135, 
1816,  1836. 

CeUaria  tenetta  Blainville,  Manuel  d'Actinologie  ou  de  Zoophytologie,  1834. 

CeUaria  tenetta  d'Orbigny,  Paleontologie  Francaise,  Terr.  Cretaces,  vol.  V,  p.  28,  1850-52. 

Nellia  oculata  Busk,  British  Museum  Catalogue,  I,  p.  18,  1852. 

Nettia  oculata  Smitt,  Floridan  Bryozoa,  Kongl.  Svenska  Vetenskaps-Akademiens  Handlingar, 
pt.  XI,  p.  3,  1873. 

Nettia  oculata  McCoy,  Prodromus  of  the  Zoology  of  Victoria;  decade  V,  p.  51,  1880. 

Nettia  oculata  Haswell,  On  some  Polyzoa  from  the  Queensland  Coast,  Proceedings  Linnean 
Society  New  South  Wales,  V,  p.  36,  1881. 

Membraniporina  oculata  Waters,   Fossil   Cheilostomatous  Bryozoa  from   Muddy  Creek, 
Victoria,  Quarterly  Journal  Geological  Society,  tome  XXXIX,  p.  434,  1883. 

Nettia  oculata  Busk,  Report  of  the  Voyage  of  H.  M.  S.  Challenger,  pt.  XXX,  p.  27,  1884. 

Nellia  oculata  Hincks,  On  the  Polyzoa  and  Hydroida  of  the  Mergui  Archipelago:  Journal 
Linnean  Society,  Zoology,  XXI,  p.  121,  1887. 

Nellia  oculata  MacGillivray,  Catalogue  of  the  Marine  Polyzoa  of  Victoria,  p.  15  and  p.  34, 1887. 

Farcimia  oculata  Waters,  Bryozoa  from  New  South  Wales,  etc.,  1,  11,  111,  Annals  and  Maga- 
zine Natural  History  (5),  XX,  p.  92,  1887. 

Nellia  tenella  Jelly,  A  Synonymic  Catalogue,  p.  94,  1889. 

Farcimia  oculata  MacGillivray,  A  Monograph  of  the  Tertiary  Polyzoa  of  Victoria,  Transac- 
tions Royal  Society  of  Victoria,  vol.  IV,  p.  50,  plate  6,  figs.  5  to  7,  1895. 

Farcimia  tenetta  Canu,  Bryozoaires  tertiares  des  environs  de  Paris,  Annales  de  Paleontologie, 
tome  III,  p.  20,  plate  2,  figs.  36,  37,  1907. 

Nellia  tenella  Levinsen,  Morphologic  and  Systematic  Studies  on  the  Cheilostomatous  Bry- 
ozoa, p.  120,  plate  i,  fig.  13  (ovicell),  1909. 

Farcimia  oculata  Waters,  Marine  Biology  of  the  Sudanese  Red  Sea,  Journal  Linnean  Society, 
Zoology,  XXXI,  p.  167,  1909. 

Farcimia  oculata  Canu,  Les  Bryozoaires  helv6tiens  de  1'figypte,  Memoires  de  1'Institut 
figyptien,  VI,  p.  191,  1912. 

Farcimia  oculata  Waters,  Marine  Fauna  of  British  East  Africa  and  Zanzibar,  Proceedings 
Zoological  Society  of  London,  p.  489,  plate  LXVII,  figs.  8,  9,  1913. 

Our  small  fragments  are  quite  sufficient  for  the  determination  of  this 
species.  The  dimensions  of  the  opesium  are  not  equal  on  the  four 
sides,  one  of  which  is  often  larger  than  the  other. 

The  authors  are  not  in  accord  as  to  the  name  which  should  be  given 
to  this  species.  We  have  adopted  that  of  Busk. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao 
(Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo. 

Geological  distribution. — Lutetian  of  the  environs  of  Paris  (Canu); 
Helvetian  of  Egypt  (Canu);  Miocene  of  Australia  (Waters). 

This  species  also  occurs  in  the  recent  seas  off  Florida  (Smitt)  and 
the  Isle  of  St.  Thomas  (Levinsen). 

Family  OPESIULED^E  Jullien,  1888. 

Genus  FLORIDINA  Jullien,  1881. 

Floridina  pyripora,  new  species. 

(Plate  1,  Figure  2.) 

Only  two  specimens  of  this  species  have  been  collected  in  the  Lee- 
ward Islands.  These  are  hardly  sufficient  for  description  of  a  new 
Floridina,  for  polymorphism  is  the  rule  in  this  genus;  but  we  believe 


FOSSIL   BRYOZOA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  83 

more  specimens  will  prove  this  to  be  a  good  species.  The  polypidian 
convexity  is  little  salient;  the  opesiules  are  large  and  poorly  defined; 
the  lateral  apophyses  are  very  little  salient;  the  general  aspect  of  the 
opesium  is  pyriform.  The  ovicell  is  endozocecial,  smooth,  and  salient. 

Measurements. — Opesium  (including  opesiules):  fto  =  0.20  mm.,  Zo  =  0.22 
mm.;  zooecium:  Lz  =  0.48  to  0.50  mm.,  Zz  =  0.40  to  0.44  mm. 

Floridina  antiqua  Smitt,  1872,  a  Recent  species  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
is  marked  by  large  lateral  denticles  and  with  small  opesiules;  its  aspect 
is  quite  different  and  its  zoarium  is  not  incrusting. 

Occurrence. — Oligocene  (Antigua  formation),  rare  at  the  Rifle  Butts, 
Antigua,  Leeward  Islands  (loc.  No.  6854),  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collector, 
1914.  Oligocene  (Anguilla  formation),  rare  along  the  southwest  side  of 
Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  Leeward  Islands  (loc.  No.  6967),  T.  W.  Vaughan, 

collector,  1914. 

Floridina  fusifera,  new  species. 

(Plate  1,  Figure  3.) 

The  zoarium  is  incrusting.  The  zocecia  are  hexagonal;  the  crypto- 
cyst  is  larger  than  the  opesium;  it  is  of  little  depth  and  is  finely  granu- 
lated; the  opesium  is  trifoliate;  the  lateral  apophyses  are  very  salient; 
the  opesiules  are  large  and  rounded;  the  polypidian  convexity  is  very 
salient  and  convex.  The  onychocellarium  is  large,  somewhat  con- 
stricted laterally,  and  is  provided  with  a  very  large  orifice.  Here  and 
there  are  small  fusiform  avicularia. 

Measurements. — Opesium:  ho  =  0.20  mm.,  Zo  =  0.18  to  0.20  mm.;  zooecium: 
1/2  =  0.50  mm.,  Zz  =  0.40  mm.;  onychocellarium:  opesium  =  0.30  by  0.20  mm. ; 
zocecium  =  0.60  by  0.36  mm. 

There  are  only  four  zocecia  intact  on  the  single  zoarium  obtained. 
The  presence  of  small  fusiform  avicularia  has  appeared  to  us  sufficient 
to  justify  the  creation  of  this  new  species,  this  feature  never  having 
been  observed  in  the  genus. 

Occurrence. — Oligocene  (Antigua  formation),  rare  at  the  Rifle  Butts, 
Antigua,  Leeward  Islands  (loc.  No.  6854),  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collector, 
1914. 

Genus  LUNULARIA  Busk,  1884. 

Lunularia  species  undetermined. 

(Plate  2,  Figures  15,  16.) 

The  figured  specimen  represents  a  zoarial  fragment  of  a  new  species 
difficult  to  classify  generically.  On  account  of  its  perforated  internal 
side  it  could  be  a  Lunularia.  The  zocecia  on  the  external  side  have 
indeed  the  form  of  that  of  Lunularia,  but  the  interzocecial  vibracula 
do  not  exist. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Rio  Gurabo  (zone 
D),  Santo  Domingo. 


84    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

Family  CALPENSIID^  Canu  and  Bassler. 

Genus  CALPENSIA  Jullien,  1888. 

Calpensia  impressa  Moll,  1803. 

(Plate  1,  Figure  11.) 

Eschara  impressa  Moll,  Die  Seerinde  aus  der  Ordnung  der  Pflanzenthiere,  Wien,  p.  57,  plate 

II,  fig.  9,  1803. 

Eschara  nobilis  Michelin,  Iconographie  zoophytologie,  p.  329,  plate  79,  fig.  1,  1847. 
Membranipora  calpensis  Busk,  Catalogue  of  the  Marine  Polyozoa  in  the  Collection  of  the 

British  Museum,  Cheilostomata,  pt.  2,  p.  60,  plate  104,  figs.  5,  6,  1854. 
Micropora  impressa  Waters,  On  the  Bryozoa  of  the  Bay  of  Naples,  Am.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (5), 

III,  p.  1230,  1879. 

Micropora  impressa  Calvet,  Bryozoaires  marines  des  cotes  de  Coise,  Travaux  de  1'Institut 

de  Zoologie  de  1'Universite  de  Montpellier,  ser.  2,  mem.  12,  p.  17,  1902. 
Micropora  impressa  Canu,  Bryozoaires  fossils  de  terraines  du  Sud-ouest  de  la  France,  Bull. 

Soc.  Geologique  de  France  (4),  X,  p.  844,  plate  16,  fig.  6  (variety),  1910. 
Micropora  impressa  Mme.  Guerin  Guanivet,  Contribution  a  1'etude  des  Bryozoaires  des 

cotes  armoricaines,  I,  Travaux  scientifique  du  Laboratoire  de  Concarneau,  III, 

p.  5,  plate  1,  1911. 

The  discovery  of  this  species  in  America  was  a  great  surprise,  since 
it  has  heretofore  been  noted  only  in  the  Mediterranean  area,  where  its 
zoaria  occur  in  great  abundance,  especially  on  the  African  coast.  Our 
determination  is  nevertheless  an  exact  one,  as  we  possess  so  many 
specimens  for  comparison  that  we  should  not  be  mistaken. 

The  bibliography  of  this  species  given  by  Pergens,  Jelly,  and  Waters 
is  absolutely  false,  for  they  have  confounded  many  distinct  species; 
Canu  noted  five  of  them  in  1911.  In  spite  of  its  antiquity  there  are  no 
undoubted  references  to  the  species  other  than  those  we  have  given 
above. 

The  zoarium  may  be  incrusting  or  Eschara-like.  We  have  never 
observed  an  ovicell;  it  may  have  none.  The  species  therefore  belongs 
to  a  special  family  with  Microporina  Levinsen,  1909;  Diplodidymia 
Reuss,  Calpensia  Jullien,  1888,  and  Hemiseptella  Levinsen,  1909. 

Occurrence. — Oligocene  (Antigua  formation),  rare  in  the  Carlisle 
marl-pit,  Antigua,  Leeward  Islands,  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collector,  1914, 
Locality  No.  6873. 

Geological  distribution. — Helvetian  of  Brittany,  France  (Michelin); 
Sahelian  of  Oran  (collection  Canu);  Sicilian  of  Italy  (Neviani). 

Habitat. — Mediterranean,  Gibraltar,  Corsica,  Tuscany,  Naples, 
Adriatic,  ^Egean  Sea,  Tunis,  Algeria,  Morocco,  Atlantic  off  Brittany. 

It  abounds  at  a  depth  of  25  to  30  meters  and  is  very  common  at  the 
depths  of  75  to  100  meters. 

Genus  HEMISEPTELLA  Levinsen,  1909. 

Hemiseptella  grandicella,  new  species. 

(Plate  5,  Figure  11.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

The  zoarium  incrusts  shells.  The  zocecia  are  large,  elongate,  ogival,  distinct, 
separated  by  a  furrow  of  little  depth;  the  mural  rim  is  narrow,  little  salient, 
round,  finely  granulated;  the  cryptocyst  is  large,  flat,  granulated;  the  opesium 
is  elongated,  elliptical,  irregular,  and  non-symmetrical  in  the  proximal  portion. 


FOSSIL   BRYOZOA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  85 

Measurements. — Opesium:  fto  =  0.40  mm.,  Zo  =  0.25  mm.;  zooecia:  Lz  =  0.65 
to  0.70  mm.,  lz  =  0.35  mm. 

Affinities. — The  group  of  inferior  opesiular  spines  was  certainly 
dissymmetrical;  trace  of  the  lateral  spines  is  scarcely  visible  on  our 
specimens. 

This  species  differs  from  Hemiseptella  denticulata  Smitt,  1872,  in  the 
absence  of  nodosities  in  the  interzooecial  angles  and  in  the  non-tri- 
foliate opesium. 

It  differs  from  Hemiseptella  tennis  Desor,  1848,  in  the  larger  micro- 
metric  measurements  and  in  the  more  fragile  and  less  numerous  spines. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowdenmarl),  Bowden,  Jamaica  (rare). 

Hemiseptella  lata,  new  species. 

(Plate  2,  figure  4.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

The  zoarium  incrusts  Metrarabdotos.  The  zooecia  are  distinct,  little  elon- 
gated, wide,  subrectangular;  the  mural  rim  is  thin.  The  opesium  is  elliptical 
or  orbicular,  never  symmetrical;  the  cryptocyst  is  short,  little  deep,  irregular; 
the  opesiular  indentations  are  represented  by  two  lateral  dissymmetric  con- 
cavities and  are  often  separated  by  a  wide  and  serrate  denticle. 

Measurements. — Opesium:  /io  =  0.30  mm.,  /o  =  0.22  to  0.30  mm.;  zooecia: 
Lz  =  0.42  mm.,  Zz  =  0.30  to  0.32  mm. 

Affinities. — It  is  always  difficult  to  characterize  a  species  from  the 
study  of  a  single  specimen.  Exteriorly  the  zooecia  have  the  form  of 
certain  zooecia  observed  in  Acanthodesia  savartii  Savigny-Audouin, 
1826;  it  differs  from  it  in  its  non-symmetric  opesium  and  in  two  ope- 
siular sinuosities. 

This  species  differs  from  Biflustra  savarti  Smitt,  1872,  which  is  not 
its  perhaps  the  species  of  Audouin,  in  the  more  constant  development  of 
cryptocyst  and  in  the  nature  of  its  zoarium,  which  does  not  incrust  algae. 
The  proximal  denticle  has  been  clearly  observed  on  these  zooecia. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao 
(Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo. 

Genus  CUPULARIA  Lamouroux,  1821. 

Cupularia  umbellata  Def ranee,  1823. 

(Plate  1,  Figures  5  to  7;  Plate  2,  Figures  17  to  21.) 

Discoporella  denticulata  Gabb  and  Horn,  Monograph  of  the  Fossil  Polyzoa  of  the  Secondary 

and  Tertiary  Formations  of  North  America,  Journal  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 

of  Philadelphia  (2),  V,  p.  142,  plate  20,  fig.  25,  1862. 
Cupularia  umbellata  Canu,  Iconographie  des  Bryozoaires  fossiles  de  1'Argentine,  Anales  del 

Museo  Nacional  de  Buenos  Aires,  XVII,  p.  275,  plate  v,  figs.  4,  5,  1908.     (See  for 

complete  bibliography.) 
Cupularia  umbellata  Canu,  Bryozoaires  fossiles  du  Sud-ouest  de  la  France,  Bulletin  de  la 

Societe  Geologique  de  France  (IV),  IX,  p.  448,  454,  plate  xvi,  figs.  16,  17,  1909. 

(Regional  bibliography.) 
Cupularia  lowei  Norman,  On  the  Polyzoa  of  Madeira,  Journal  Linnaean  Society,  XXX,  p. 

290,  plate  37,  figs.  7-12,  1909. 


86    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

Cupularia  umbellata  Canu,  fitude  compare  des  Bryozoaires  Helvetians  de  1'figypte  avec  les 

Bryozoaires  vivants  de  la  Mediterran6e  et  de  la  Met  Rouge,  M6moire  de  1'Institut 

figyptien.  tome  VI,  fasc.  Ill,  p.  205,  1913. 
Cupularia  umbellata  Canu,  Contributions  a  1'etude  des  Bryozoaires  fossiles,  Bulletin  Societe 

Geologique  France  (IV),  XIII,  pp.  125,  126,  127,  1913. 
Cupularia  lowei  Osburn,  The  Bryozoa  of  the  Tortugas  Islands,  Florida,  Carnegie  Inst.  Wash. 

Pub.  No.  182,  p.  194,  1914. 

The  fossils  which  are  identified  as  above  are  rather  well  preserved 
and  their  determination  is  easy.  The  pores  of  the  hydrostatic  zooecia 
are  not  radicular.  We  are  ignorant  as  to  why  Norman,  who  is  a  great 
lover  of  archaic  names,  has  not  preserved  the  name  of  Defrance.  The 
figures  published  by  this  author  and  by  d'Orbigny  are  excellent  and 
leave  no  doubt  as  to  the  identity  of  the  two  species. 

The  specimens  from  Santo  Domingo  are  quite  vigorous.  They 
represent  a  variation  that  is  remarkable  in  the  size  of  the  zooecia  and 
in  the  aspect  of  the  inner  side.  The  latter  does  not  show  the  usual 
tuberose  ribs  and  the  tuberosities  are  equally  distributed  on  the 
zoarial  surface.  The  ancestrula  is  not  always  visible;  it  is  often 
covered  over  by  a  normal  zocecium  (fig.  19)  or  replaced  by  a  special 
region  in  which  the  zocecia  are  arranged  in  contrary  order  (fig.  20). 

Measurements. — Opesium:  ho  =  0.12  mm.,  to  =  0.16  mm.;  zooecium:  1/2  =  0.44 
to  0.50  mm.,  fe=0.34  mm. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Gatun  formation),  Banana  River, 
Costa  Rica,  D.  F.  McDonald,  collector,  1911.  Lower  Miocene  (Bowden 
horizon),  Bowden,  Jamaico,  Cercado  de  Mao  (Bluffs  2  and  3)  and  Rio 
Gurabo,  Santo  Domingo. 

This  species  is  almost  always  associated  with  Cupuladria  canariensis 
Busk,  1859.  Like  the  latter,  it  occurs  in  the  lower  Miocene  (Alum  Bluff 
formation)  and  also  the  later  Miocene  and  Pliocene  of  the  United  States. 

Geological  distribution. — Aquitanian  of  Italy  (Seguenza,  Neviani),  of 
Bordeaux  (Canu) ;  Burdigalian  of  Italy  (Seguenza,  Canu)  of  Bordeaux 
(Canu);  Helvetian  of  Italy  (Seguenza),  of  Touraine  (Canu),  of  Bor- 
deaux (Canu),  of  Maryland  (Ulrich),  of  Egypt  (Canu);  Tortonian  of 
Provence  (Canu),  of  Italy  (Seguenza);  Plaisancian  of  England  (Busk), 
of  Italy  (Manzoni);  Astian  of  Italy  (Neviani,  Canu),  of  Provence 
(Canu);  Sicilian  of  Italy  (Neviani);  Quaternary  of  Italy  (Seguenza), 
of  Argentina  (Canu). 

Habitat. — Mediterranean,  Atlantic,  Canary  Islands,  and  Florida. 
It  is  common  hi  the  Gulf  of  Gascony  in  the  Miocene,  but  it  has  now 
disappeared  from  this  region. 

The  species  has  been  dredged  at  a  depth  of  11  to  48  meters  in 
America  and  from  81  to  113  meters  in  Madeira. 

CORYNOSTYLUS,  new  genus. 

No  ovicell.  The  opercular  valve  articulates  on  two  condyles.  The 
zooecia  are  club-shaped  and  provided  with  a  gymnocyst.  The  zoarium 
is  articulate. 


FOSSIL   BRYOZOA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  87 

Genotype. — Corynostylus  labiatus,  new  species.     Lower  Miocene. 

This  genus  has  no  recent  equivalent;  but  its  structure  is  easy  to 
interpret.  The  two  condyles  serve  as  a  hinge  for  the  strongly  chitinized 
opercular  valve.  The  lower  part  of  the  opesium  placed  below  served 
evidently  as  passage  for  the  opesiular  fibers  attached  to  the  ectocyst. 
The  deep  cavity  of  the  cryptocyst  served  as  a  hydrostatic  apparatus 
for  the  entrance  and  exit  of  the  polypide.  Like  most  of  the  articulated 
genera,  this  one  probably  was  fastened  on  large  mobile  algae. 

Corynostylus  labiatus,  new  species. 
(Plate  2,  Figures  11  to  13.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

The  zoarium  is  articulated  and  formed  of  long,  regular  segments.  The 
segments  are  compressed,  bilamellar,  formed  of  three  longitudinal  rows  of 
zocecia  on  each  side.  The  zocecia  are  elongate,  oval,  distinct,  rounded  in 
front,  narrowed  behind,  and  are  provided  with  a  convex  gymnpcyst  with 
large  pores;  the  mural  rim  is  thick,  regular,  granular.  The  opesium  is  elongate, 
oval,  provided  with  a  proximal,  salient  lip  placed  between  two  rounded 
opesiular  indentations.  The  two  condyles  are  quite  salient.  The  cryptocyst 
is  deep  and  smooth. 

Measurements. — Opesium :  ho  =  0. 12  mm. ,  lo  —  0. 10  mm. ;  zocecium :  Lz  —  0.50 
mm.,  te  =  0.26  to  0.28  mm. 

Affinities. — The  first  zocecium  of  each  segment  is  radicular;  it  gives 
rise  to  3  polypidian  zocecia. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao 
(Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo. 

Corynostylus  ellipticus,  new  species. 
(Plate  2,  Figures  8  to  10.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

The  zoarium  is  articulated.  The  segments  are  formed  of  two  longitudinal 
rows  of  zocecia  placed  only  on  one  side  of  the  zoarium.  The  zocecia  are  dis- 
tinct, club-shaped,  with  long,  convex,  and  porous  gymnocyst.  The  mural 
rim  is  thin  and  granular.  The  opesium  is  elliptical,  elongate,  surrounded  by 
a  salient  rim;  the  two  condyles  are  large  and  median.  The  cryptocyst  is  deep, 
smooth,  and  small. 

Measurements. — Opesium:  ho  =  0.14  mm.,  lo  —  Q.lQ  mm.;  zocecium:  1/2=0.50 
mm.,  Zz  =  0.20  to  0.22  mm. 

Affinities. — This  species  differs  from  Corynostylus  labiatus  in  its 
unilamellar  segments  with  only  two  zocecial  rows  and  in  the  absence  of 
a  salient  lip  proximal  to  the  opesium.  Only  the  fragments  figured  have 
been  found;  they  are  extremely  fragile. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao 
(Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo. 


GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF  THE   WEST   INDIES. 

Family  THALAMOPORELLIDjE. 

Genus  THALAMOPORELLA  Hincks,  1887. 

Thalamoporella  granulata  Levinsen,  1909. 

(Plate  2,  Figure  14.) 

Thalamoporella  granulata  Levinsen,  Morphological  and  Systematic  Studies  on  the  Cheilos- 
tomatous  Bryozoa,  p.  188,  plate  vi  a,  fig.  1,  2,  plate  vi,  fig.  5,  1909. 

Thalamoporella  granulata  Osburn,  The  Bryozoa  of  the  Tortugas  Islands,  Florida,  Carnegie 
Inst.  Wash.  Pub.  No.  182,  p.  197,  fig.  8,  1914. 

Measurements. — Opesium:  ho  =  0.16  to  0.18  mm.,  Zo  =  0.16  to  0.18  mm.; 
zooecium:  Lz  =  0.80  mm.,  te  =  0.50  mm. 

Affinities. — We  possess  only  a  small  fragment  consisting  of  two 
zooecia;  we  are  not  certain,  therefore,  of  our  determination,  as  this  has 
been  made  almost  entirely  on  the  micrometric  measurements. 

The  opesium  is  oval,  the  point  above;  the  cryptocyst  is  granulated; 
the  mural  rim  has  a  width  of  0.08  mm.  and  is  granulated  transversely. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Rio  Cana,  Santo 
Domingo. 

Habitat. — Andaman  or  Nicobar  Islands?  (Levinsen);  Tortugas 
Islands,  Florida  (Osburn). 

Thalamoporella  biperforata,  new  species. 
(Plate  6,  Figures  10  to  15.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

The  zoarium  is  bilamellar.  The  zooecia  are  elongate,  distinct,  rectangular; 
the  mural  rim  is  thin,  salient,  beveled,  and  bears  two  hollow  tubercles  on  each 
side  of  the  aperture.  The  cryptocyst  is  deep,  flat,  ornamented  with  large, 
widely  spaced  pores  and  with  numerous  small  pores  closely  placed  together; 
the  opesiules  are  very  large,  far  distant  from  the  aperture,  placed  symmetri- 
cally, but  very  unequal  in  size.  The  apertura  is  transverse,  oval;  the  proximal 
border  is  always  concave  and  the  polypidian  tube  is  limited  by  two  small 
lateral  indentations.  The  reticulocellarium  is  large,  quite  elongate;  its  cryp- 
tocyst is  perforated  by  two  opesiules;  the  opesium  bears  two  lateral  denticles 
serving  as  pivot  to  the  corneous  onychocellarium. 

Measurements. — Opesium  of  zocecium:  ho  =  Q.W  to  0.12  mm.,  Zo  =  0.14  mm.; 
zooBcium:  La;  =  0.54  to  0.60  mm.,  te  =  0.34  to  0.40  mm.;  opesium  of  onycho- 
cellarium: ho  —  0.24  mm.,  Zo  =  0.12  mm.;  onychocellarium:  Lo  =  0.90  mm., 
Zo  =  0.30  mm. 

Affinities. — The  oral  tuberosities  are  quite  variable  in  size;  they  are 
often  replaced  by  two  fossettes. 

This  species  is  characterized  by  its  onychocellarium,  which  resembles 
that  of  Thalamoporella  granulata  Levinsen,  1909,  figured  by  Osburn, 
1914.  It  differs,  however,  in  the  very  different  oval  form  of  its  aper- 
ture and  in  the  presence  of  oral  tuberosities. 

In  its  tuberosities  this  species  is  quite  close  to  Thalamoporella 
rozieri  Savigny-Audouin,  1826.  It  differs  from  it  in  the  form  of  its 
onychocellarium  provided  with  two  opesiules,  which  are  not  figured  by 
Levinsen  in  the  numerous  drawings  which  he  has  given. 


FOSSIL   BRYOZOA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  89 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao 
and  Rio  Cana,  Santo  Domingo,  and  Bowden,  Jamaica. 

Family  STEGANOPORELLID^  Levinsen,  1909. 
Genus  STEGANOPORELLA  Smitt,  1873. 
Steganoporella  parvicella,  new  species. 
(Plate  6,  Figures  6  to  9.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

The  zoarium  is  unilamellar,  incrusting  algae  or  bryozoa.  The  zooecia  are 
distinct,  elongate,  separated  by  a  shallow  furrow;  the  mural  rim  is  thin, 
salient,  finely  granular.  The  cryptocyst  is  finely  porous;  the  opesium  is 
irregular  or  semilunar,  a  little  elongate;  the  polypidian  tube  forms  a  rect- 
angular surface,  salient  and  excentric  between  the  two  dissimilar  opesiular 
indentations.  The  large  zooecia  (B)  are  provided  with  a  large  distal  floor,  and 
the  polypidian  tube  is  almost  median. 

Measurements. — Opesium  of  small  zooecia:  ho  =  0.34  to  36  mm.,  to  =  0.16 
to  0.30  mm.;  small  zooecia  (a):  Lz  =  0.50  to  0.76  mm.,  Zz  =  0.50  mm.;  opesium 
of  large  zocecia  (b):  ho  =  0.24  to  0.30  mm.,  Zo  =  0.36  to  0.40  mm.;  large  zooecia 
(B):  Lz  =  1.00  to  1.10  mm.,  te  =  0.44  to  0.56  mm. 

Affinities. — The  dimensions  are  quite  variable,  but  they  are  always 
smaller  than  those  of  Steganoporella  magnilabris  Busk,  which  this 
species  resembles  in  all  its  other  characters. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao 
(Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo,  and  Bowden,  Jamaica. 

Family  ASPIDOSTOMDXaS  Canu,  1908. 
Genus  LABIOPORA  Levinsen,  1909. 

No  ovicell;  distinct,  raised  margins;  frontal  wall  of  polypidian  tube  not 
quadrangular  and  not  surrounded  by  projecting  flanges.  Polypide  tube  bila- 
biate, on  either  side  connected  with  the  lateral  wall  by  a  vertical  calcareous 
lamina;  multiporous  septulse. 

Genotype. — Labiopora  crenulata  Levinsen,  1909,  Recent. 

Labiopora  miocenica,  new  species. 
(Plate  6,  Figure  1.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

The  zoarium  is  unilamellar.  The  zooecia  are  elongate,  distinct,  rectangular; 
the  mural  rim  is  quite  thin,  round.  The  cryptocyst  is  little  deep,  flat,  and 
formed  of  a  tremocyst  superposed  on  an  olocyst  perforated  with  corresponding 
pores.  The  opesium  is  transverse,  terminal,  or  placed  at  the  base  of  a  funnel, 
formed  by  the  much-developed  vestibular  arch.  The  polypidian  tube  is 
visible,  wide,  median. 

Measurements. — Opesium:  ho  =  Q.W  mm.,  Zo  =  0.24  to  0.28  mm.;  zocecium: 
Lz  =  0.50  to  0.64  mm.,  /z  =  0.32  to  0.34  mm. 

Affinities. — This  new  species  differs  from  Labiopora  crenulata  Levin- 
sen,  1909,  in  the  wide  form  of  the  zooecia  and  in  its  transverse  opesium. 
The  only  fragment  found  has  been  figured. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Rio  Gurabo,  Santo 
Domingo. 


90    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

Family  CRIBRILINID^:  Hincks,  1880. 

Genus  PUELLINA  Jullien,  1886. 

Puellina  radiata  carolinensis  Gabb  and  Horn,  1862. 

(Plate  1,  Figure  12.) 

Reptescharella  carolinensis  Gabb  and  Horn,  Journal  Academy  Natural  Science,  Philadelphia, 
5,  p.  136,  plate  19,  fig.  18,  1862. 

This  variety  is  characterized  by  its  smooth  peristome,  without 
tuberosities,  and  by  the  small  canal  of  the  avicularium,  which  is  larger 
than  in  the  type. 

In  reality  the  spines  have  not  disappeared;  on  the  perfect  specimens 
they  are  still  visible;  but  they  never  have  the  size  and  importance  of 
those  which  decorate  the  type.  The  zocecia  are  a  little  larger  and  have 
16  costules. 

Occurrence. — Jacksonian  of  South  Carolina  and  Alabama;  Vicks- 
burgian  of  Alabama;  Oligocene  (Anguilla  formation),  southwest  side 
of  Crocus  Bay  Bluff,  125  feet  above  sea-level,  Anguilla  (loc.  No.  6967) ; 
Oligocene  (Antigua  formation),  Rifle  Butts,  Antigua  (loc.  No.  6854), 
T.  W.  Vaughan,  collector. 

Family  ESCHARELLID^E  Levinsen,  1909. 

Genus  SCHIZOPODRELLA  Canu  and  Bassler,  1917. 

Schizopodrella  (?)  mutabilis,  new  species. 

(Plate  6,  Figures  3  to  5.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

The  zoarium  is  unilamellar,  tubular;  it  incrusts  the  fine  radicells  of  algae. 
The  zooecia  are  little  distinct,  elongate,  elliptical;  the  frontal  is  little  convex, 
surrounded  by  areolar  pores  and  garnished  with  some  large  tremopores.  The 
apertura  is  elongate,  oval,  with  a  wide  rimule  separated  from  the  anter  by  two 
salient  condyles. 

Measurements. — Apertura:  /ia  =  0.18  to  0.20  mm.,  la  =  0.12  mm.;  zooecium: 
1/2  =  0.70  mm.,  Jz  =  0.34  mm. 

Affinities. — The  very  thick  incrustation  of  the  tremocyst  renders  the 
aspect  of  the  species  quite  changeable  and  sometimes  absolutely  un- 
recognizable. 

We  have  not  discovered  the  ovicell,  so  the  classification  naturally 
remains  doubtful. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao 
(Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo. 

Schizopodrella  unicorn  is  Johnston,  1847. 

Lepralia  unicornis  Johnston,  History  of  British  Zoophytes,  ed.  2,  p.  320,  plate  57,  fig.  1,  1847. 

Schizoporetta  unicornis  Hincks,  British  Marine  Polyzoa,  p.  238,  plate  35,  figs.  1-5,  1880. 

Schizopordla  unicornis  Jelly,  A  Synonymic  Catalogue  of  Marine  Polyzoa,  p.  236,  1889. 
(General  bibliography.) 

Schizoporetta  unicornis  Canu,  Bryozoaires  fossiles  des  Terrains  du  Sud-ouest  de  la  France, 
Bulletin  de  la  Societ6  geologique  de  France,  p.  516,  1906.  (Bibliography.) 

Schizopordla  unicornis  Osburn,  The  Bryozoa  of  the  Tortugas  Islands,  p.  205,  1914.  (Ameri- 
can bibliography.) 

Schizoporella  subquadrata  Ulrich  and  Bassler,  Maryland  Geological  Survey,  Miocene,  p.  420, 
plate  114,  fig.  1;  plate  118,  figs.  5,  6,  1904. 


FOSSIL   BRYOZOA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  91 

This  species  may  easily  be  confused  with  Stylopoma  spongites  Pallas, 
1766;  it  is  distinguished  from  it  by  the  wide,  proximal  sinus  of  its 
aperture  and  by  the  quite  different  form  of  its  ovicell. 

At  Bowden  we  have  found  only  a  single  specimen,  but  we  are  quite 
certain  of  its  determination. 

This  recent  species,  which  is  abundant  throughout  the  European 
Tertiary,  is  on  the  contrary  very  rare  in  America;  but  its  geologic 
distribution  there  appears  to  be  almost  identical. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  marl),  Bowden,  Jamaica. 

Geologic  distribution. — In  Europe  since  the  Stampian;  in  America, 
Miocene  of  Maryland  (Ulrich).  We  have  also  discovered  it  in  the 
Miocene  at  Wilmington,  North  Carolina,  and  Muldrow's  Mills,  South 
Carolina. 

Habitat. — Atlantic,  Mediterranean. 

Genus  STYLOPOMA  Levinsen,  1909. 

Stylopoma  spongites  Pallas,  1766. 

(Plate  1,  Figure  13.) 

Cellepora  informata  Lonsdale,  Report  on  the  Corals  from  the  Tertiary  Formations  of  North 
America,  Quart.  Journ.  Geol.  Soc.  London,  I,  p.  505,  fig.  0,  1845. 

Hippothoa  spongites  Smitt,  Floridan  Bryozoa,  part  I,  Kongl.  Svenska,  Ventenskaps-Akade- 
miens  Handlingar,  X,  No.  11,  p.  42,  plate  vm,  fig.  161,  162,  163,  1872. 

Schizoporella  informata  Ulrich  and  Bassler,  Maryland  Geological  Survey,  Miocene,  p.  419, 
plate  114,  figs.  6-10,  1904. 

Affinities  and  variations. — The  specimen  from  the  Anguilla  forma- 
tion certainly  represents  the  narrow  variation  of  this  species.  It  is 
incrusting  a  sponge.  At  Bowden  we  have  found  only  a  single  specimen. 

The  apertura  is  quite  characteristic ;  the  sinus  is  rectilinear  and  quite 
narrow;  the  tongue  of  the  operculum  which  covers  it  is  rigid. 

This  species  is  one  of  the  more  common  of  the  American  species  of 
the  Miocene  and  Pliocene.  Its  geographic  distribution  was  limited  by 
the  equator  and  40°  parallel.  Like  Callopora  tenella,  it  is  now  living 
in  the  waters  off  Florida. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  marl),  Bowden,  Jamaica 
(very  rare);  Oligocene  (Anguilla  formation),  southwest  side  of  Crocus 
Bay,  Anguilla,  Leeward  Islands,  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collector,  1914,  loc. 
No.  6894. 

Habitat. — Florida  (Smitt,  Osburn). 

Genus  STEPHANOSELLA  Canu  and  Bassler,  1917. 

Stephanosella  biaperta  Michelin,  1842. 
(Plate  1,  Figures  16  to  18.) 

Eschara  biaperta  Michelin,  Iconographie  zoophytologie,  p.  330,  1842. 

Hippothoa  biaperta  Smitt,  Floridan  Bryozoa,  pt.  II,  Kongl.  Svenska,  Vetenskaps-Akad. 

Handlingar,  X,  p.  46,  plate  vra,  figs.  173-176,  1873. 
Schizoporella  biaperta  Robertson,  The  Incrusting  Cheilostomatous  Bryozoa  of  the  West  Coast 

of  North  America,  Univ.  California  Pub.  IV,  No.  5,  p.  287,  plate  19,  fig.  41,  1908. 

(General  bibliography.) 
Schizoporella  biaperta  Osburn,  Bryozoa  of  Tortugas  Islands,  Carnegie  Inst.  Wash.,  Pub.No. 

182,  p.  207,  1914.     (Regional  bibliography.) 


92    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

The  fossil  specimens  from  Anguilla  closely  resemble  Smitt's  figures 
173  and  175. 

American  occurrence. — Oligocene  (Anguilla  formation),  rare  along 
the  roadside,  descent  to  Crocus  Bay  from  Valley,  Anguilla,  Leeward 
Islands,  loc.  6893,  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collector,  1914. 

Geological  distribution. — Helvetian  of  Italy  (Seguenza),  of  Sardinia 
(Neviani),  of  Touraine  (Michelin);  Zanclean  of  Italy  (Seguenza); 
Sahelian  of  Oran  (collection  Canu);  Plaisancian  of  England  (Busk),  of 
Italy  (Manzoni);  Sicilian  of  Italy  (Neviani,  Waters);  Quaternary  of 
Italy  (Neviani) ;  Miocene  of  Australia  (Waters,  MacGillivray) . 

Habitat. — Very  cosmopolitan,  even  to  the  polar  regions.  It  has  been 
dredged  to  a  depth  of  245  meters,  but  in  Florida  it  lives  at  a  depth  of 
15  to  97  meters. 

Genus  GEMELLIPORELLA  Canu  and  Bassler. 

Gemelliporella  punctata,  new  species. 

(Plate  5,  Figures  7  to  9.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

The  zoarium  is  free,  cylindrical,  bifurcated.  The  zooecia  are  very  little 
distinct,  elongate,  convex;  the  frontal  is  granular  and  surrounded  with  areolar 
pores  and  is  sometimes  covered  with  punctations  of  pleurocystal  origin.  The 
aperture  is  oval,  elongate,  formed  of  a  large  semilunar  anter  and  of  a  wide 
proximal  sinus.  The  ovicell  is  deeply  embedded  in  the  distal  zocecium,  little 
salient,  closed  by  the  operculum,  ornamented  by  an  orbicular  and  very 
fragile  frontal  area. 

Measurements. — Apertura:  Aa=0.17  mm.,  Za  =  0.10  mm.;  zooecia:  1/2  =  0.55 
mm.,  Zz=0.40  to  0.45  mm. 

Afrnities. — The  punctations  of  the  frontal  are  quire  variable;  there 
is  not  a  single  zocecium  similar  to  another.  In  a  better  preserved  state 
we  think  that  each  zocecium  is  surrounded  with  areolar  pores  irregular 
in  size  and  spacing.  The  frontal  is  a  thick  and  compact  olocyst, 
covered  by  a  pleurocyst  which  is  granular  or  punctured  with  large  pores 
which  do  not  perforate  the  zocecial  walls.  Unfortunately  we  have  not 
been  able  to  confirm  this  exterior  aspect  by  sections. 

Occurrence. — Lower   Miocene    (Bowden   marl),    Bowden,   Jamaica 

(rare). 

Genus  HIPPOMENELLA  Canu  and  Bassler,  1917. 

Hippomenella  infratelum,  new  species. 
(Plate  6,  Figure  2.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

The  zoarium  is  a  narrow  Eschar  a  borne  on  an  expanded  base.  The  zocecia 
are  elongate,  distinct,  elliptical;  the  frontal  is  convex,  surrounded  by  a  line  of 
small  areolar  pores  and  formed  of  a  pleurocyst  very  finely  granulated.  The 
apertura  is  elliptical,  elongate,  with  two  very  small  cardelles.  The  avicularium 
is  salient,  elliptical,  with  pivot  placed  on  the  line  of  pores  in  the  lower  part  of 
the  zocecium. 

Measurements.— Apertura:  fca  =  0.16  to  0.20  mm.,  Za=0.14  mm.;  zocecium: 
1/2  =  0.60  to  0.70  mm.,  Zz=0.40  to  0.50  mm. 


FOSSIL   BRYOZOA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  93 

Affinities. — The  only  specimen  found  has  been  figured.  The  species 
is  absolutely  characterized  by  its  elliptical  avicularium  placed  inferiorly, 
a  character  which  does  not  exist  in  the  other  species  of  the  genus.  We 
have  observed  a  rather  rare  case  of  regeneration  of  a  zocecium  by  an 
avicularium  (zr). 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao 
(Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo. 

Genus  HIPPOPORINA  Neviani,  1895. 

Hippoporina  lata  Smitt,  1862. 

(Plate  1,  Figure  14.) 

Gemellipora  lata  Smitt,  Floridan  Bryozoa,  pt.  I,  Kongl.  Svenska  Vetenskaps-Akademiens 
Handlinger,  X,  No.  11,  p.  36,  plate  7,  fig.  157,  1872. 

This  Recent  species  was  described  from  specimens  from  the  Floridan 
waters  and  the  species  itself  is  confined  to  this  region.  A  very  mediocre 
fossil  specimen  of  doubtful  determination  has  been  found  in  the  strata 
of  Antigua. 

Occurrence. — Oligocene  (Antigua  formation),  Rifle  Butts,  Antigua, 
Leeward  Islands,  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collector,  1914,  loc.  No.  6854. 

Family  SMITTINID^  Levinsen,  1909. 

Genus  SMITTINA  Norman,  1903. 

Smittina  (?)  brevis,  new  species. 

(Plate  2,  Figure  22.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

The  zoarium  is  bilamellar,  with  fronds  somewhat  compressed.  The  zooecia 
are  little  distinct,  elongate,  elliptical;  the  frontal  is  convex  and  very  short, 
and  it  bears  below  a  large  salient  avicularium  with  rounded  beak.  The 
apertura  is  elliptical  and  deep.  The  ovicell  is  globular,  little  salient,  orna- 
mented by  a  fragile  circular  area;  it  opens  into  the  peristomie. 

Affinities. — This  species  is  quite  unique  and  difficult  to  classify.  We 
have  put  it  in  Smittina  because  the  ovicell  opens  into  the  peristomie 
formed  by  the  thickening  of  the  frontal  walls;  but  it  does  not  really 
belong  to  this  genus,  because  it  has  no  lyrula  nor  oral  avicularium  and 
because  the  apertura  is  not  semilunar. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao, 
Santo  Domingo. 

Genus  PORELLA  Gray,  1848. 
Porella  bella  Busk,  1860. 
(Plate  1,  Figure  15.) 

Lepralia  bella  Busk,  Quarterly  Journal  Microscopical  Science,   VIII,    plate  xxvn,   figs. 

2,  3,  1860. 
Escharella  landsborovi  Smitt,  Floridan  Bryozoa,  pt.  II,  Kongl.  Seven.  Vet.  Akad.  Hand.,  XI, 

No.  3,  p.  60,  plate  x,  figs.  201,  202,  1873. 
Smittia  bella  Hincks,  British  Marine  Polyzoa,  p.  352,  plate  42,  figs.  9,  10,  1880. 


94    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

We  are  not  certain  that  Busk's  species  is  identical  with  that  of  Smitt, 
as  the  former  author  represents  it,  but  evidently  the  characters  of  the 
Antigua  fossil,  although  poorly  preserved,  are  in  harmony  with  Smitt's 
figures.  The  measurements  of  this  fossil  are :  Apertura :  ha  —  0. 16  mm. , 
Za  =  0.20  mm.;  zooecia;  te  =  0.90  mm.,  Zz  =  0.70  mm. 

Occurrence. — Oligocene  (Antigua  formation),  Rifle  Butts,  Antigua, 
Leeward  Islands. 

Habitat. — Shetland  Islands,  waters  off  Florida  (185  meters). 

Genus  RHAMPHOSTOMELLA  Lorenz,  1886. 

Rhamphostomella  laticella,  new  species. 

(Plate  5,  Figure  12.) 

The  figured  specimen  is  the  only  one  found;  it  is  unfortunately 
incomplete  and  worn  and  does  not  permit  a  detailed  description.  It 
incrusts  a  shell;  the  areolar  costules  are  rare  or  little  visible.  The  oral 
avicularium  is  quite  large,  oblique,  the  point  directed  towards  the 
bottom. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  marl),  Bowden,  Jamaica 
(very  rare). 

Genus  RHYNCHOZOON  Hincks,  1891. 

Rhynchozoon  vaughani,  new  species. 
(Plate  2,  Figure  23;  Plate  4,  Figures  1,  2.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

The  zoarium  is  unilamellar.  The  zocecia  are  large,  distinct,  hexagonal  or 
claviform;  the  frontal  is  smooth,  convex,  surrounded  by  a  line  of  small  scat- 
tered areolar  pores.  The  apertura  is  large,  suborbicular,  with  a  wide  proximal 
rimule;  the  peristomie  is  deep  and  widened;  the  very  irregular  peristome 
bears  some  large  tubercles;  the  false  rimule  is  compressed  between  two  large 
tuberosities,  one  of  which  bears  an  oral  avicularium  transversely  arranged. 

Measurements. — Apertura:  fta  =  (?),  la  =  0.20  mm.;  zocecia:  Lz  =  0.60  mm., 
Zz  =  0.50mm. 

Affinities. — This  species  differs  from  Rhynchozoon  solidum  Osburn, 
1914,  which  it  much  resembles,  in  its  much  larger  micrometric  measure- 
ments and  in  the  absence  of  the  small  frontal  avicularium. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao 
(Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo  (very  rare). 

Family  ADEONIDJE  Jullien,  1903. 

Genus  ADEONA  (Lamouroux,  1816)  Levinsen,  1909. 

Adeona  porosa,  new  species. 

(Plate  6,  Figures  22,  23.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

The  zoarium  is  free,  bilamellar.  The  zocecia  are  little  distinct,  very  elongate, 
separated  by  a  hardly  visible,  salient  thread;  the  frontal  is  porous,  little 


FOSSIL   BRYOZOA   FROM   THE    WEST   INDIES.  95 

convex,  surrounded  by  areolar,  parietal  pores,  of  which  one  is  larger  than  the 
others.  The  ascopore  is  large,  orbicular,  median.  The  apertura  and  peris- 
tomice  are  semilunar,  with  the  proximal  border  somewhat  concave.  The 
goncecia  have  two  very  large  symmetrical,  areolar  pores  and  irregular,  oral 
gibbosities.  The  avicularian  zooecia  have  their  opesia  arranged  on  the  lower 
part  of  a  pyriform  area,  calcified  and  deep. 

Measurements.—  Apertura:  fta  =  0.12  mm.,  Za  =  0.12  mm.;  zooecia:  1/2  =  0.60 
mm.,  te  =  0.30  mm. 


Affinities.  —  As  we  possess  only  the  figured  fragment,  the  study  of 
this  species  is  necessarily  incomplete.  The  species  is  very  peculiar 
one,  for  there  is  no  other  one  provided  with  a  porous  frontal  and  oral 
gibbosities  at  the  goncecia. 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  this  genus  has  disappeared  from  the  waters  of 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  In  the  family  Adeonidse,  only  the  genus  Adeonel- 
lopsis  has  survived. 

Occurrence.  —  Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao 
(Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo. 

Adeona  heckeli  Reuss,  1847. 

Cellepora  heckeli  Reuas,  Die  fossilen  Polyparien  des  Wiener  Tertiar-beckens,  Haidinger'a 

naturwissenschaftliche  Abhandlungen,  II,  p.  85,  plate  10,  fig.  10,  1847. 
Lepralia  violacea  Johnston,  A  History  of  the  British  Zoophytes,  p.  325,  plate  57,  fig.  9,  1849. 
Multiporina  umbilicata  Gabb  and  Horn,  Monograph  of  the  Fossil  Polyzoa  of  the  Secondary 

and  Tertiary  Formations  of  North  America,  Journal  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 

of  Philadelphia  (2),  V,  p.  145,  plate  20,  fig.  27,  1862. 

Microporella  violacea  Hincks,  History  of  the  British  Marine  Polyzoa,  p.  216,  1880. 
Adeona  violacea  Osboin,  The  Bryozoa  of  the  Tortugas  Islands,  Florida.  Carnegie  Inst.  Wash. 

Pub.  No.  182,  p.  199,  1914. 

Of  this  species  we  have  found  only  a  single  specimen  in  the  Bowden 
marl  which  is  moderately  well  preserved. 

This  fossil,  rather  abundant  in  the  European  Miocene  and  Pliocene, 
is,  on  the  contrary,  quite  rare  in  America. 

Occurrence.  —  Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  marl),  Bowden,  Jamaica. 

Geological  distribution.  —  European  Miocene  and  Pliocene;  Miocene 
of  North  Carolina  and  Virginia  ;  Pliocene  of  Shell  Creek,  Florida. 

Habitat.  —  Atlantic  and  Mediterranean.  In  Florida  this  species  was 
dredged  at  a  depth  of  56  to  97  meters.  Osburn  collected  it  at  a  depth 
of  8  to  29  meters  in  the  region  of  the  Tortugas.  Finally  Verrill  noted  it 
from  the  Bermudas. 

Family  HIPPOPODINID^E  Levinsen,  1909. 

Genus  METRARABDOTOS  Canu,  1914. 

Metrarabdotos  colligatum,  new  species. 

(Plate  4,  Figures  3  to  12.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species  : 

The  zoarium  is  free,  bilamellar,  attached  to  algae  by  a  small,  expanded  base 
and  bent  upward  like  a  crank;  the  fronds  are  large,  bifurcated,  but  narrow. 
The  zocecia  are  distinct,  separated  by  a  salient  thread,  long  and  narrow;  the 


96    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

frontal  is  smooth,  convex,  surrounded  by  a  line  of  large  areolar  pores  often 
separated  by  short  costules.  The  apertura  is  suborbicular;  the  peristomice  is 
oval  with  a  proximal  pseudorimule.  There  are  sometimes  two  quite  incon- 
stant, small,  oral  avicularia.  The  ovicell  is  endozooecial,  enormous,  borne 
by  a  considerably  enlarged  zooecium;  the  frontal  is  garnished  with  radiating 
and  granulated  costules. 

Measurements. — Young  zooecia:  apertura,  ha  =  Q.14  mm.,  la  =  0.12  mm.; 
zooecia:  Lz  =  0.60  mm.,  Zz  =  0.28  to  0.30  mm.;  old  zooecia:  apertura,  /ia  =  0.24 
mm.,  Za  =  0.16  mm.;  zooecia:  1/2  =  0.70  mm.,  Zz  =  0.24  to  0.30  mm. 

Affinities. — The  genus  Metrarabdotos  contains  more  species  in 
America  than  in  Europe.  The  present  species  differs  from  Metrarab- 
dotos moniliferum  Milne-Edwards,  1836,  common  in  the  French 
Miocene,  in  its  granulated  costules  on  the  ovicell,  in  the  absence  of  a 
pseudo  lyrule  at  the  peristomice,  and  in  the  absence  of  oral  avicularia. 

It  differs  from  Metrarabdotos  grandis  of  the  Vicksburgian,  which 
also  forms  large  fronds,  in  its  greater  zocecial  width,  and  in  much  less 
deep  intercostular  spaces  of  the  ovicell. 

The  species  is  quite  variable  and  we  have  figured  the  principal 
variations. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao 
(Bluff  3),  and  Rio  Cana  (Zone  H),  Santo  Domingo. 

Metrarabdotos  lacrymosum,  new  species. 
(Plate  3,  Figures  1  to  10.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

The  zoarium  is  free,  bilamellar,  bifurcated,  narrow,  with  rectangular  fronds, 
and  fastened  by  a  little  expanded  base.  The  zooecia  are  distinct,  little  elongate, 
rectangular,  surrounded  by  large  areolar  pores  more  or  less  separated  by  the 
costules.  The  apertura  is  oblique,  semielliptical,  divided  in  front  by  a  rounded 
and  perforated  sinus.  The  ovicelled  zooecia  are  quite  wide;  the  ovicell  is 
endozooecial;  it  is  little  salient,  finely  punctate,  and  ornamented  with  inter- 
areolar  costules.  On  each  side  of  the  apertura  there  are  two  large,  triangular, 
salient  avicularia  with  their  point  directed  above. 

Measurements. — Apertura:  /ia  =  0.18  mm.,  Za  =  0.14  mm.;  zooecium:  1/2  =  0.70 
to  0.74  mm.,  Zz  =  0.28  to  0.30  mm. 

Affinities. — The  characteristics  of  this  species  are  the  two  large,  oral 
avicularia  which  hang  from  each  side  of  the  aperture  like  two  large 
tears.  They  are  very  irregular. 

This  species  differs  from  Metrarabdotos  colligatum  from  the  same 
geological  horizon  in  its  little-expanded  and  non-prehensile  base,  in 
its  non-claviform  fronds,  and  in  the  presence  of  large,  oral  avicularia. 

It  differs  from  Metrarabdotos  moniliferum  Milne-Edwards,  1838,  in 
its  much  less  costulated  ovicell  and  in  the  absence  of  a  spine  in  the  oral 
sinus. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  marl),  Bowden,  Jamaica 
(common). 


FOSSIL   BRYOZOA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  97 

Genus  BRACEBRIDGIA  MacGillivray,  1886. 

Bracebridgia  deformis,  new  species. 

(Plate  3,  Figures  11  to  16.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

The  zoarium  is  free,  bilamellar,  compressed,  bifurcated.  The  zoceeia  are 
distinct,  elongate,  separated  by  a  deep  furrow,  claviform  or  elliptical;  the 
peristomice  is  oval  or  elliptical;  an  oblique  avicularium  is  buried  in  the  peris- 
tomie;  the  apertura  (visible  only  from  the  interior)  is  semilunar;  the  frontal 
is  surrounded  by  areolar,  parietal  pores,  and  on  the  old  zoceeia  it  bears  a  large 
pore  which  does  not  perforate  the  wall. 

Measurements. — Peristomice:  hpie  =  0.l5  mm.,  lpie  =  Q.l2  mm.;  zocecium: 
1/2  =  0.45  to  0.60  mm.,  Zz  =  0.25  to  0.30  mm. 

Affinities. — This  species  has  the  exterior  aspect  of  an  Adeonellopsis. 
The  large  frontal  pore,  however,  is  not  a  perforated  area ;  it  is  invisible 
in  the  interior,  and  its  nature  is  unknown.  The  few  specimens  which 
we  have  studied  were,  it  is  true,  rather  poorly  preserved. 

The  peristomial  avicularium  is  rarely  visible  at  the  exterior;  it  is, 
on  the  contrary,  quite  constant  in  the  interior.  This  interior  is  that 
of  Bracebridgia;  it  is,  therefore,  indeed  in  this  genus  that  it  must  be 
classified,  but  it  is  a  deformed  Bracebridgia. 

The  presence  of  a  large  frontal  pore  clearly  characterizes  this  species, 
and  it  clearly  differentiates  it  from  the  other  known  species  of  the  same 
genus. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  marl),  Bowden,  Jamaica 
(rare). 

Family  CELLEPORIDJE  Busk,  1852. 
Genus  HOLOPORELLA  Waters,  1909. 

Holoporella  albirostris  Smitt,  1873. 
(Plate  1,  Figure  19;  Plate  7,  Figures  9  to  14.) 

Discopora  albirostris  Smitt,  Floridan  Bryozoa,  pt.  II,  Kongl.  Svenska.  Vetenskaps-Akade- 
miens  Handlingar,  XI,  No.  4,  p.  70,  plate  12,  figs.  233  to  239,  1873. 

Cellepora  albirostris  Jelly,  A  Synonymic  Catalogue  of  the  Recent  Maiine  Bryozoa,  p.  45, 
1889.  (See  for  complete  bibliography.) 

Holoporella  albirostris  Osburn,  Bryozoa  of  Tortugas  Islands,  Carnegie  Inst.  Wash.  Pub.  No. 
182,  p.  215,  1914. 

Of  the  two  specimens  of  this  species  which  have  been  collected  at 
Panama  and  at  Anguilla  one  corresponds  to  Smitt's  figure  237  and  the 
other  to  figure  238. 

This  species  is  one  of  the  more  common  among  the  American  fossils. 
The  Recent  specimens  are  quite  variable  in  aspect;  the  polymorphism 
of  the  fossils  is  also  quite  remarkable  on  account  of  alterations. 

The  avicularian  beak  is  not  as  complete  and  well-developed  as  on  the 
immersed  zoceeia.  It  is  quite  often  absent  on  the  superficial  zoceeia. 

The  interzooecial  avicularium  is  spatulate;  its  distribution  on  the 
zoaria  is  very  irregular. 

The  frontal  is  an  olocyst  bordered  with  areolar  pores. 


98    GEOLOGY  AND  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST  INDIES. 

Occurrence. — Oligocene  (Emperador  limestone),  old  quarry  one-third 
mile  north  of  west  of  Empire,  Panama  Canal  Zone,  D.  F.  MacDonald 
and  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collectors,  1911  (loc.  No.  6016) ;  Oligocene  (Anguilla 
formation),  southwest  side  of  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  Leeward  Islands, 
T.  W.  Vaughan,  collector,  1914  (loc.  No.  6894);  lower  Miocene  (Bow- 
den  marl),  Bowden,  Jamaica  (common). 

Geological  distribution. — Miocene  of  Australia  and  New  Zealand 
(Waters). 

Habitat. — Atlantic  off  Florida;  Pacific  off  Australia.  Specimens  have 
been  dredged  off  Australia  to  a  depth  of  121  meters.  Smitt  in  Florida 
has  discovered  them  between  40  and  56  meters,  but  Osburn  states  that 
the  species  abounds  at  a  depth  of  24  meters. 

Family  CONESCHARELLINIDJE  Levinsen,  1909. 
Genus  STICHOPORINA  Stoliczka,  1862. 

Stichoporina  tuberosa,  new  species. 
(Plate  1,  Figures  20  to  23;  Plate  6,  Figures  16  to  19;  Plate  7,  Figures  1  to  8.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

The  zoarium  is  free,  conical,  hollow,  with  very  thick  walls.  The  peri- 
stome  is  salient,  ornamented  with  small  tuberosities;  it  bears  one  or  two  small 
elliptical  avicularia  with  bar  or  denticles.  The  apertura  is  elliptical,  elon- 
gated, hidden  at  the  base  of  a  short  peristomie ;  it  is  formed  of  a  large  semi- 
elliptical  anter  and  of  a  small  concave  poster,  separated  by  two  small,  salient 
cardelles.  The  ovicell  is  large,  somewhat  salient,  convex;  it  is  hyperstomial 
and  always  closed  by  the  operculum.  A  salient,  elliptical  avicularium,  with 
two  denticles  serving  as  pivot,  is  placed  at  the  base  of  each  zocecium;  it 
deforms  the  adjacent  peristomes.  The  inner  side  is  tuberose  and  bears  very 
large  pores  arranged  in  quincunx.  On  the  lower  face  there  are  large  pores 
surrounded  by  very  small  ones. 

Measurements. — Apertura  :ha  =  Q.  14  mm. ,  la  =  0. 10  mm. ;  zocecium :  Lz  =  0.30 
mm.,  Zz  =  0.30  mm.;  opesium  of  avicularium:  /io  =  0.10  mm.,  Zo  =  0.06  mm;, 
avicularium:  Z/at;  =  0.20  mm.,  lav  =  0.12  mm. 

This  is  a  very  elegant  species  characterized  by  its  peristomial 
tuberosities.  The  ancestrula  is  visible  only  in  the  interior  of  the 
zoarium;  it  is  covered  exteriorly  by  the  first  zocecia.  All  the  zocecia 
are  separated  from  each  other  by  small  canals  which  appear  to  end  in 
the  large,  inferior  pores. 

The  oral  tuberosities  are  hollow.  The  pores  of  the  internal  cavity 
are  avicularia  of  which  the  pivot  is  formed  by  two  denticles;  they  are 
analogous  with  those  of  the  external  face  (inferior). 

The  internal  face  (and  upper)  bears  also  large  cavities  which  we 
believe  to  be  hydrostatic  cavities;  but  it  must  be  proved  that  the 
ectocyst  is  resistant  enough  to  confine  an  equal  amount  of  water.  We 
must  suppose  also  that  these  cavities  are  intended  to  counterbalance 
the  irregularities  of  calcification  and  to  assure  the  perfect  equilibrium 
of  the  zoarial  system. 


FOSSIL   BRYOZOA   FROM   THE   WEST   INDIES.  99 

This  species  must  not  be  confounded  with  Mamillopora  cupula 
Smitt,  1872.  It  differs  from  it  in  its  ovicell,  which  is  not  bilobate,  and 
in  its  ovarian  zooecia,  which  are  not  larger  than  the  others. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Gatun  formation),  Banana  River, 
Costa  Rica,  D.  F.  McDonald,  collector,  1911;  lower  Miocene  (Bowden 
horizon),  Rio  Gurabo  (zone  D),  Rio  Cana  (zone  I),  and  Cercado  de 
Mao,  Santo  Domingo;  Bowden,  Jamaica. 

Order  CYCLOSTOMATA  Busk. 
Family  TUBULIPORID^  Johnston,  1838. 

Genus  IDMONEA  Lamouroux. 

Idmonea  milneana  d'Orbigny,  1839. 

(Plate  6,  Figures  20,  21.) 

Idmonea  milneana  d'Orbigny,  Voyage  dans  PAme'rique  m6ridionale,  V,  pt.  4,  p.  20,  plate  9, 

figs.  17  to  21,  1839. 

Idmonea  grateloupi  d'Orbigny,  PalSontologie  francaise,  Bryozoaires  cretacees,  p.  729,  1852. 
Idmonea  milneana  Smitt,  Floridan  Bryozoa,  p.  8,  plate  in,  figs.  14-19,  1872. 
Idmonea  milneana  Canu,  Bryozoaires  tertiares  des  environs  de  Paris,  Annales   de  Pale"on- 

tologie,  III,  p.  125,  plate  14,  figs.  11-13,  1908.     (Cites  bibliography.) 
Idmonea  milneana  Canu,  Bryozoaires  du  Sud-Ouest  de  la  France,  Bulletin  de  la  Soci6t6 

Geologique  de  la  France  (4),  VIII,  p.  386,  I,  p.  451,  1908. 

Our  small  specimen  is  not  very  well  preserved,  but  we  feel  perfectly 
certain  of  it,  because  we  know  all  its  fossil  variations..  It  is  evident, 
however,  that  such  a  determination  is  always  subject  to  revision. 

Occurrence. — Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao, 
Santo  Domingo. 

Geological  distribution. — Ypresian  of  England  (Gregory) ;  Lutetian  of 
Bavaria  (Koschinsky) ,  of  Paris  (Canu),  of  the  Ariege  (Canu) ;  Auversian 
of  Biarritz  (Canu) ;  Latdorfian  of  Latdorff  (Stoliczka) ;  Stampian  of 
Germany  (Reuss) ;  Tortonian  of  Austria-Hungary  (Reuss) ;  Sicilian  of 
Italy  (Seguenza);  Quaternary  of  Italy  (Seguenza). 

Habitat. — Cosmopolitan  in  both  hemispheres.  In  Florida  it  has  been 
dredged  between  26  and  109  meters. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  PLATES. 
PLATE  1. 

FIG.  1.  Cattopora  dumerilli  var.  lota,  n.  var.     Portion  of  the  incrusting  zoarium,  X  20.     Most  of 

the  zooecia  have  a  single  avicularium  in  front  of  the  opesium.     Oligocene  (Anguilla 

formation).     Southwest  side  Crocus  Bay  Bluffs,  Anguilla,  Leeward  Islands. 
FIG.  2.  Floridina  pyripora,  n.  sp.     Surface  of  the  type,  X  20,  showing  the  large,  poorly  denned 

opesiules  and  the  pyriform  aspect  of  the  opesium.     Oligocene  (Antigua  formation), 

Rifle  Butts,  Antigua,  Leeward  jslands. 
FIG.  3.  Floridina  fusifera,  n.  sp.     The  type  specimen,  X  20,  exhibiting  large,  rounded  opesiules 

and  prominent  polypidian  convexity  in  the  few  zooecia  intact.     Oligocene   (Antigua 

formation),  Rifle  Butts,  Antigua,  Leeward  Islands. 
FIG.  4.  Ogivalina  mutabilis,  n.  sp.     The  type  specimen,  X  20,  with  large  irregular  opesia,  small 

ovicell,  small  gymnocyst,  and  one  zooecium  with  a  fusiform  avicularium.     Oligocene 

(Anguilla  formation),  Crocus  Bay  Hill,  Anguilla,  Leeward  Islands. 
FIG  5-7.  Cupularia  umbettata  Def ranee,  1823.     (See  also  plate  2,  figs.  17-21.)     (5)  Two  zoaria, 

natural  size;    (6)  celluliferous  convex  surface,    X  20;    (7)  concave  surface,    X    20. 

Lower  Miocene  (Gatun  formation),  Banana  River,  Costa  Rica. 
FIGS.  8-10.  Cupuladria  canariensis  Busk,  1859.     (8)  Two  zoaria,  natural  size;    (9)   celluliferous 

convex  surface,  X  20;   (10)  concave  surface,  X  20.     Lower  Miocene  (Gatun  forma- 
tion), Banana  River,  Costa  Rica. 
FIG.  11.  Cctipensia  impressa  Moll,  1803.     Surface  of  an  incrusting  zoarium,    X  20.     Oligocene 

(Antigua  formation),  Carlisle  marl-pit,  Antigua,  Leeward  Islands. 
FIG.  12.  Puellina  radiata  carolinensis  Gabb  and  Horn,  1862.     Gabb  and  Horn's  illustration  of 

this  variety.     Eocene  (Jacksonian)  of  South  Carolina. 
FIG.  13.  Stylopoma  spongites  Pallas,  1766.     Several  zooecia,  much  enlarged  (Smitt's  figures  of 

Hippothoa  spongites).     Recent,  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
FIG.  14.  Hippoporina  lota  Smitt,  1862.     View  of  several  zocecia  much  enlarged  (after  Smitt). 

Recent,  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
FIG.  15.  Porella  bella  Busk,  1860.     Smitt's  illustration  of  Escharella  landsborovi.     Recent,  Gulf 

of  Mexico. 
FIGS.  16,  17.  Stephanosella  biaperta  Michelin,  1842.     Two  views  of  this  species  (after  Smitt). 

Recent,  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
FIG.  18.  Photograph,    X   20,  of  a  specimen  from  Anguilla.     Oligocene  (Anguilla  formation), 

Crocus  Bay  Hill,  Anguilla,  Leeward  Islands. 
FIG.  19.  Holoporella  cdbirostris  Smitt,  1873.     (See  also  plate  7,  figs.  9-14.)     Several  zocecia  much 

enlarged  (after  Smitt).     Recent,  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
FIGS.  20-23.  Stichoporina  tuberosa,  n.  sp.     (See  also  plate  6,  figs.  16-19,  plate  7,  figs.  1-8.)     (20) 

Two  zocecia  natural  size;  (21,  22)  two  views,  X  20,  of  the  convex,  celluliferous  side; 

(23)  photograph  of  the  concave  side,    X  20.     Lower  Miocene  (Gatun  formation), 

Banana  River,  Costa  Rica. 

PLATE  2. 

FIG.  1.  Membranipora  vaughani,  n.  sp.     Portion  of  the  incrusting  zoarium,  X  15,  showing  th 

large  interopesial  denticles.     Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao, 

Santo  Domingo. 
FIGS.  2,  3.  Acanthodesia  savarti  forma  monilifera,  n.  sp.     The  hollow  cylindrical  zoarium,  natural 

size  and  X  20.    The  beaded  structure  of  the  mural  rim  is  apparent.     Lower  Miocene 

(Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 
FIG.  4.  Hemiseptella  lata,  n.  sp.     Part  of  the  incrusting  type  specimen,  X  15,  with  some  zocecia 

showing  the  characteristic  inferior  denticle.     Lower  Miocene   (Bowden  horizon), 

Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 
FIGS.  5-7.  Nellia  oculata  Busk,  1852.     (5)  Normal  zocecia  with  tubercles  complete,   X  19;  (6) 

fragment  showing  large  zocecia,  X  19,  the  tubercles  are  replaced  by  pores;   (7)  view 

of  fragment,    X   19,  showing  two  sides  of  the  zoarium.     Lower  Miocene  (Bowden 

horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 
FIGS.  8-10.  Corynostylus  ellipticus,  n.  sp.     (8)  Several  fragments  of  the  articulated  zoarium, 

natural  size;   (9)  anterior  face  of  zoarium,  X  19;   (10)  posterior  face,  X  19.     Lower 

Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 
FIGS.  11-13.  Corynostylus  labiatus,  n.  sp.     (11)  Complete  segment  of  the  articulated  bilamellar 

zoarium,  natural  size;    (12)  photograph  of  the  same,  X  19,  the  salient  opesial  lip  is 

shown;    (13)  section,   X  15,  exhibiting  the  interior  of  the  zocecia  in  the  middle  row 

and  a  longitudinal  section  in  the  outer  rows.     Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon), 

Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 
FIG.  14.  Thalamoporetta  granulata  Levinsen,  1909.     Small  fragment,   X  15,  identified  with  this 

Recent  species.     Lower  Miocene,  Rio  Cana,  Santo  Domingo. 

100 


DESCRIPTION    OF   PLATES.  101 

PLATE  2 — continued. 

FIGS.  15,  16.  Lunularia  species.  Outer  and  inner  sides  of  a  fragment,  X  15.  Lower  Miocene 
(Bowden  horizon),  Rio  Cana,  Santo  Domingo. 

FIGS.  17-21.  Cupularia  umbellata  Defrance,  1828.  (See  also  plate  1,  figs.  5-7.)  (17)  Zoaria, 
natural  size;  (18)  photographs  of  the  inner  tuberous  side,  X  25;  (19)  ancestrular 
region,  X  19,  in  which  the  ancestrula  is  covered  over  by  a  normal  zooscium;  (20) 
ancestrular  region  of  another  zoarium,  X  19 ;  the  zooacia  are  arranged  alternately  and 
in  inverted  order;  (21)  another  view  of  the  ancestrular  region,  X  19;  here  the  ances- 
trula is  a  membraniporoid  zocecium.  Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado 
de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 

FIG.  22.  Smittina  ?  brevis,  n.  sp.  Surface  of  the  bilamellar  zoarium,  X  15.  Lower  Miocene 
(Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 

FIG.  23.  Rhynchozoon  vaughani,  n.  sp.  (See  also  plate  4,  figs.  1,  2.)  A  small  fragment,  X  15, 
Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 

PLATE  3. 

FIGS.  1-10.  Metrarabdotos  lacrymosum,  n.  sp.  (1)  A  group  of  fragments,  natural  size;  (2)  frag- 
ment, X  4.5,  showing  the  little-expanded  base;  (3)  another  fragment,  X  4.5;  (4)  a  worn 
branch,  X  15;  the  avicularia  are  absent  or  little  apparent;  (5)  surface,  X  15,  showing 
salient  peristomes  and  larger  triangular  avicularia;  (6)  worn  zoarial  fragment,  X  20; 

(7)  ordinary  zocecia  of  a  branch,    X  15,  with  short,  pointed,  triangular  avicularia; 

(8)  ordinary  zocecia,   X  15,  with  long  avicularia;    (9)  branch,   X  15,  with  ovicelled 
zooecia;  the  ovicell  is  slightly  costulated  and  its  frontal  is  granulose;    (10)  ovicelled 
zooecia,  X   15,  with  the  ovicell  not  costulated.     Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  marl), 
Bowden,  Jamaica. 

FIGS.  11-16.  Bracebridgia  deformis,  n.  sp.  (11)  Fragments,  natural  size;  (12)  the  usual  aspect 
of  the  zocecia,  X  15;  the  large  frontal  pore  does  not  perforate  the  wall;  (13)  zocecia 
at  the  base  of  a  zoarium,  X  15;  (14)  zocecia,  X  15,  with  the  large  frontal  pore  wanting; 
(15)  zocecia,  X  15,  with  the  peristomial  avicularium  slightly  visible;  (16)  interior  of 
zocecia,  X  15;  the  peristomial  avicularium  is  visible,  but  the  frontal  pore  does  not 
perforate  the  zocecial  wall.  Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  marl),  Bowden,  Jamaica. 

PLATE  4. 

FIGS.  1,  2.  Rhynchozoon  vaughani,  n.  sp.  (See  also  plate  2,  fig.  23.)  (1)  The  unilamellar  zoarium, 
X  15,  showing  young  condition  in  which  the  zocecia  are  distinct;  (2)  old  condition  of 
zoarium,  X  15;  the  zocecia  are  indistinct  and  not  oriented.  Lower  Miocene  (Bowden 
horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 

FIGS.  3-12.  Metrarabdotos  colligatum,  n.  sp.  (3-5)  Different  aspects  of  the  base  of  the  zoarium, 
X  4.5;  (6)  three  fragments,  natural  size,  preserving  base;  (7)  portion  of  zoarial  sur- 
face, X  15,  with  two  ovicells  preserved;  (8)  broad  zocecia,  X  15,  characteristic  of  the 
aged  condition;  (9)  base  of  a  zoarium,  X  15,  showing  calcification  and  disappearance 
of  the  apertures;  (10)  narrow  zocecia,  X  15,  of  youthful  condition;  (11)  normal 
zocecia,  X  15;  (12)  longitudinal  section,  X  15,  showing  the  interior  of  the  zocecia. 
Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 

PLATE  5. 

FIGS.  1-5.  Acanthodesia  savarti  forma  texturata  Reuss,  1846.  (1)  Fragments  of  the  unilamellar, 
hollow  cylindrical  zoarium,  natural  size;  (2)  zocecia,  X  15,  with  traces  of  delicate 
spines  in  the  opesium;  (3)  inner  side  of  zoarium,  X  15,  showing  rectangular  form  of 
zocecia;  (4)  zocecia,  X  15,  with  a  distinct  rim  around  the  opesium;  (5)  another  surf  ace, 
X  15,  showing  the  large  size  of  the  first  zocecium  of  a  new  row.  Lower  Miocene 
(Bowden  marl),  Bowden,  Jamaica. 

FIG.  6.  Conopeum  ovale,  n.  sp.  Ancestrular  portion  of  the  type  specimen,  X  15,  incrusting  a 
shell.  Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  marl) ,  Bowden,  Jamaica. 

FIGS.  7-9.  Gemelliporella  punctata,  n.  sp.  (7)  Two  fragments  of  the  free  cylindrical  zoarium, 
natural  size;  (8)  an  example,  X  15,  showing  the  development  of  the  tremocyst;  (9) 
another  fragment,  X  15,  showing  the  form  of  the  aperture,  ovicells  (broken),  and 
arrangement  of  the  areolse.  Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  marl),  Bowden,  Jamaica. 

FIG.  10.  Callopora  tenella  Hincks,  1880.  The  incrusting  zoarium,  X  15,  illustrating  the  thin 
mural  rim  and  the  small  tubercles  on  the  gymnocyst.  Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  marl) , 
Bowden,  Jamaica. 

FIG.  11.  Hemiseptella  grandicella,  n.  sp.  Surface  of  the  incrusting  zoarium,  X  15.  The  largest 
zocecia  commence  a  new  row.  Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  marl),  Bowden,  Jamaica. 

FIG.  12.  Rhamphostomella  laticella,  n.  sp.  The  incrusting  zoarium,  X  15.  The  areolar  costules 
are  scarcely  visible.  Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  marl),  Bowden,  Jamaica. 


102  DESCRIPTION   OF   PLATES. 

PLATE  6. 

FIG.  1.  Labiopora  miocenica,  n.  sp.  Fragment  of  the  unilamellar  zoarium,  X  15.  The  polypidian 
tube  and  the  small  pores  of  the  tremocyst  are  visible.  Lower  Miocene  (Bowden 
horizon),  Rio  Cana,  Santo  Domingo. 

FIG.  2.  Hippomenella  infratelum,  n.  sp.  Base  of  a  bilamellar  zoarium,  X  15.  The  zooecium  is 
regenerated,  being  replaced  by  an  avicularium.  Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon), 
Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 

FIGS.  3-5.  SchizopodreUa  mutabUis,  n.  sp.  (3)  The  tubular  zoarium,  natural  size;  (4)  zoarium, 
X  15,  with  indistinct  zooscia;  (5)  another  portion  of  the  same  zoarium,  X  15,  show- 
ing the  shape  of  the  zooscia.  Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon) ,  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo 
Domingo. 

FIGS.  6-9.  Steganoporella  parvicella,  n.  sp.  (6)  Fragments  of  the  unilamellar  zoarium,  natural 
size;  (7)  zoarial  fragment,  X  15,  showing  the  great  irregularity  in  the  zooecia;  (8) 
the  usual  zooecia,  X  15,  with  regular  arrangement;  (9)  the  most  frequent  aspect  of 
the  zooecia,  X  15;  the  polypidian  tube  is  very  fragile  and  often  broken  or  altered. 
Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 

FIGS.  10-15.  Thalamoporella  biperforata,  n.  sp.  (10)  Fragments  of  the  bilamellar  zoarium, 
natural  size;  (11)  specimen,  X  15,  exhibiting  a  well-preserved  reticulocellarium ; 
(12)  an  example,  X  15,  showing  the  hollow  tubules  worn  and  replaced  by  pores;  a 
reticulocellarium  is  here  present;  (13)  drawing  showing  the  real  form  of  the  aperture, 
X  60;  (14)  a  specimen,  X  15,  with  a  deformed  membraniporoid  zocecium  near  the 
upper  corner;  (15)  another  similar  example,  X  15,  with  a  primoserial  membrani- 
poroid zocecium  along  the  lower  edge.  Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado 
de  Mao  and  Rio  Cana,  Santo  Domingo. 

FIGS.  16-19.  Stichoporina  tuberosa,  n.  sp.  (See  also  plate  1,  figs.  20-23;  plate  7,  figs.  1-8.)  (16) 
Small  fragments  of  the  small  free  conical  zoarium,  natural  size;  (17)  zoarial  fragment, 
X  15,  with  large  zocecia;  (18)  fragment,  X  15,  with  small  zocecia;  the  tubules  are  well 
developed;  (19)  inner  side  of  zoarium,  X  15.  Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon), 
Rio  Cana,  Santo  Domingo. 

felGB.  20,  21.  Idmonea  milnea.no,  d'Orbigny,  1839.  Views  of  a  fragment,  natural  size  and  X  9, 
referred  to  this  species.  Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo 
Domingo. 

FIGS.  22,  23.  Adeona  porosa,  n.  sp.  Fragment  of  the  free  bilamellar  zoarium,  natural  size  and 
X  15.  In  figure  23  these  gonoecia  with  their  oral  gibbosities  are  shown  in  the  upper 
right-hand  corner,  an  avicularian  zooecium  in  the  upper  left-hand  corner  and  ordinary 
zocecia  with  their  ascopores,  and  small  areolse  in  the  rest  of  the  photograph.  Lower 
Miocene  (Bowden  horizon),  Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo. 

PLATE  7. 

FIGS.  1-8.  Stichoporina  tuberosa,  n.  sp.  (See  also  plate  1,  figs.  20-23;  plate  7,  figs.  16-19.)  (1) 
Group  showing  the  upper,  lower,  and  edge  views  of  the  zoarium,  natural  size;  (2) 
zoarium  with  weathered  surface,  X  15,  illustrating  that  the  tuberosities  are  hollow; 
(3)  zooecia,  X  15,  with  one  preserving  the  ovicell,  which  is  hyperstomial;  (4)  por- 
tion of  a  zoarium,  X  15,  with  the  tuberosities  around  the  zocecial  apertures  well  pre- 
served; (5)  inner  surface  of  zoarium,  X  7.5;  the  tuberosities,  avicularia,  and  hydro- 
static (?)  cavities  are  visible;  (6)  portion  of  figure  5,  X  15;  (7)  edge  view  of  fractured 
zoarium,  X  15,  illustrating  zooecia  open;  (8)  similar  view,  X  15,  but  with  the  zocecia 
closed.  Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  marl),  Bowden,  Jamaica. 

FIGS.  9-14.  Holoporella  albirostris  Smitt,  1873,  (See  also  plate  1,  fig.  19.)  (9)  Fragment,  X  15, 
showing  zocecia  without  beak  but  with  the  typical  form  of  aperture;  (10)  zooecia, 
X  15,  showing  interzocecial  avicularia;  the  oral  beak  is  incomplete  and  in  process  of 
formation;  (11)  interior  of  zocecia,  X  15;  (12)  general  aspect  of  the  zocecia  with 
ovicell,  X  15;  (13)  marginal  zocecia,  X  15;  the  deep  zocecia  have  a  beak  bearing  a 
small  avicularium  which  appears  then  as  isolated;  (14)  zocecia,  X  15',  showing  the 
different  aspects  of  the  beak  when  broken.  Lower  Miocene  (Bowden  marl),  Bowden, 
Jamaica. 


PLATE  1 


CANU  AND  BASSLER 


14 


CANU  AND  BASSLER 


PLATE  2 


19 


CANU  AND  BASSLER 


PLATE  3 


15 


CANU  AND  BASSLER 


PLATE  4 


CANU  AND  BASSLER 


PLATE   5 


CANU  AND  BASSLER 


PLATE 


CANU  AND  BASSLER 


PLATE  7 


IV. 


TERTIARY  MOLLUSKS  FROM  THE  LEEWARD 
ISLANDS  AND  CUBA, 

BY  CHARLES  WYTHB  COOKE. 


With  sixteen  plates. 


103 


TEETIARY  MOLLUSKS  FROM  THE  LEEWARD  ISLANDS 

AND  CUBA. 


BY  CHARLES  WYTHE  COOKE. 


INTRODUCTION. 

The  object  of  this  paper  is  to  describe  some  little-known  Cenozoic 
Mollusca  from  the  West  Indies  and  to  determine  their  stratigraphic 
positions  with  respect  to  the  standard  section  of  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf 
Coastal  Plain  of  North  America. 

The  great  bulk  of  the  material  upon  which  this  work  is  based  was 
collected  by  Dr.  T.  Wayland  Vaughan,  in  the  islands  of  St.  Bartholo- 
mew, Antigua,  Anguilla,  and  Cuba,  but  several  additional  smaller 
collections  made  by  various  workers  at  scattered  localities  have  also 
been  studied.  All  of  the  fossils  studied,  except  a  small  collection  from 
Guajay,  Cuba,  are  in  the  United  States  National  Museum.  The 
exceptions  are  in  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

The  writer  wishes  to  express  his  appreciation  of  the  many  courtesies 
extended  to  him  throughout  the  course  of  the  work  by  Doctor  Vaughan, 
to  whom  he  is  also  indebted  for  assistance  in  the  final  preparation  of 
the  manuscript.  He  wishes  to  thank  Dr.  W.  H.  Dall  and  Miss  Julia 
A.  Gardner  for  aid  in  the  identification  of  doubtful  species.  He  is 
indebted  to  the  authorities  of  the  United  States  National  Museum  for 
the  use  of  the  facilities  of  that  institution  and  to  the  Director  of  the 
United  States  Geological  Survey  for  permission  to  carry  on  this 
investigation  as  part  of  his  official  duties. 

FAUNAL  SUMMARY. 

The  species  of  mollusks  and  brachiopods  described,  with  the  stations 
at  which  they  were  found,  are  enumerated  in  the  following  lists: 
LIST  OF  STATIONS  IN  ST.  BARTHOLOMEW.    T.  W.  VAUGHAN,  COLLECTOR. 

6895.  Spur  on  southeast  side  of  bay  northwest  of  St.  Jean  Bay,  170  feet  above  sea-level 
(aneroid  reading) . 

6897.  Anse  Ecaille  side  of  point  between  Anse  ficaille  and  Anse  Lezard.  From  conglom- 
erate and  sandstone  below  upper  limestone  bed. 

6897a.  Point  between  Anse  ficaille  and  Anse  Le"zard. 

68976.  Point  between  Colombier  Point  and  bay  next  to  St.  Jean  Bay.  From  a  conglom- 
erate and  shaly  bed  interbedded  with  limestone,  below  the  main  limestone  and 
at  top  of  the  conglomerate  series  of  beds. 

6905.  Northwest  of  St.  Jean  Bay,  along  sea-face. 

6919.  Governors  Bay,  from  limestone  picked  up  on  slope. 

6924.  Point  on  northwest  side  of  St.  Jean  Bay,  from  bed  of  limestone  at  top  of  described 

section. 

6925.  Fossils  mostly  from  conglomerate  bed  below  limestone  at  top  of  section,  partly  from 

lower  limestone  bed  or  from  just  above  conglomerate. 

6926.  Anse  Lizard,  basal  bed. 

105 


106      GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   WEST   INDIES. 


Species  from  St.  Bartholomew. 

Species. 

£ 

t^ 

e 

-0 

I 

o 

i 

•* 

8 

g 

§5 

§ 

Remarks. 

Cypraea  sp     

V 

Related  to  Ocala  species. 
Jackson  species. 
Hinnites  now   confined    to 
Pacific  fauna. 

Nearest  relative  is  a  lower 
Eocene  species. 
Related  to  the  Eocene  V. 
planicosta. 

Cerithium  sp  

V 

V 

Cerit.hhim  sp,  ,  

V 

Ampullina  sp  

V 

X 

Neretina?  grandis,  n.  sp  

X 
X 

Ostrea  cf  .  O.  trigonalis  Conrad  
Pecten  (Hinnites)  aratus,  n.  sp 

X 

X 
X 

V 

X 

X 

X 
X 

X 

X 

X 
X 

X 

Spondylus  sp  

Venericardia  vaughani,  n.  sp  

Venericardia  globosa,  n.  sp  

V 

V 

Venericardia  sp  

V 

Argyrotheca  dalli,  n.  sp  

X 

X 

X 

Liothyrina  vaughani,  n.  sp  

V 

The  species  from  these  localities  constitute  a  compact  fauna  whose 
closest  affinities  are  in  the  upper  Eocene  (Jackson  stage) . 


6854. 
6858. 
6861. 
6862. 
6865. 
6866. 
6869. 
6874. 
6856. 
6875. 
6881. 


LIST  OP  STATIONS  IN  ANTIGUA.    T.  W.  VAUGHAN,  COLLECTOR. 

Rifle  butts. 

Wetherell  Point. 

Hodge's  Bluff,  upper  bed. 

Hodge's  Bluff,  lower  bed. 

Two  hundred  yards  east  of  Jackass  Point,  St.  Johns  Bay. 

Across  street,  north  side  of  cathedral,  St.  Johns. 

Long  Island. 

Blizzard  Mill. 

Base  and  western  slope  of  Friar's  Hill. 

Friar's  Hill,  from  white  chalky  limestone  above  the  main  coral-reef  bed. 

From  bluffs  on  north  side  of  Willoughby  Bay. 

Half  a  mile  north  of  McKinnon's  Mill. 

The  exposures  at  all  of  these  localities  are  of  the  Antigua  formation,  except  6861,  the 
upper  bed  at  Hodge's  Bluff. 

The  stratigraphic  relations  of  the  different  fossiliferous  exposures  in 
Antigua  can  not  satisfactorily  be  determined  from  the  mollusks 
tabulated  below,  but  according  to  Dr.  Vaughan  the  corals  indicate 
that  all  the  stations  in  the  table  except  one  (station  6861)  represent 
approximately  the  same  horizon  and  that  this  is  the  equivalent  of  the 
coralliferous  chert  bed  at  Bainbridge,  Georgia.  The  close  relationship 
of  the  mollusks  to  the  Tampa  and  Anguilla  faunas  is  apparent.  The 
single  specimen  of  Epitonium  antiguense  from  the  upper  bed  at  Hodge's 
Bluff  (station  6861)  probably  represents  a  higher  faunal  horizon  than 
the  other  mollusks  in  the  table. 

To  the  small  fresh-water  fauna  described  by  Brown  and  Pilsbry1 
from  the  tuffs  and  shales  underlying  the  main  Antigua  formation,  the 
Vaughan  collection  adds  one  new  species,  Hemisinus  atriformis  Cooke. 
The  resemblance  of  this  species  to  a  form  inhabiting  rivers  in  British 

1  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philadelphia  Proc.,  pp.  209-213,  plate  9.    1914. 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSCA. 


107 


Guiana  is  in  accord  with  the  similarity  pointed  out  by  Brown  and 
Pilsbry  between  H.  antiguensis  and  other  South  American  species. 
The  species  now  known  from  this  fresh-water  fauna  are  the  following: 


Hemisinus  antiguensis  Brown  and  Pilsbry. 
siliceus  Brown  and  Pilsbry. 
latus  Brown  and  Pilsbry. 
atriformis,  n.  sp. 


Bythinella  antiguensis  Brown  and  Pilsbry 
Planorbis  siliceus  Brown  and  Pilsbry. 


Species  from  Antigua. 


Species. 

I 

GO 
iO 

% 

CD 
% 

(N 

1 

I 

I 

Tf< 

s 

I 

10 

1 

r-  1 

! 

Remarks. 

Epitonium  antiguense  (Brown) 

V 

Turritella  crocus,  n.  sp               .  . 

n 

V 

Anguilla. 

Turritella  forresti  Brown  . 

V 

Also  at  Willoughby  Bay 

Ampullinopsis  spenceri,  n.  sp.  .  . 

y 

(Brown). 
Anguilla?  close  to  Tampa 

Turbo  antiguensis  n  sp 

V 

and  Chipola  species. 

Scapharca  willobiana,  n.  sp 

V 

Ostrea  antiguensis  Brown. 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

V 

Pecten  oxygonum  Sowerby? 

V 

Santo  Domingo  and  Bow- 

Pecten  cf  .  P.  oxygonum  Sby   .  .  . 

V 

den. 

Pecten  nugenti  Brown  

V 

Pecten  willobianus,  n.  sp  

Y 

Pecten  anguillensis  Guppy  

V 

V 

V 

Anguilla;  also  Wetherells 

Pecten  duplex  n.  sp. 

V 

Bay  (Brown). 

Pecten  perlineatus,  n.  sp. 

V 

Pecten  nodosissimus,  n.  sp 

V 

Pecten  sp 

V 

Amusium  antiguense  (Brown) 

V 

Spondylus  bostrychites  Guppy. 

V 

V 

V 

Anguilla,   Tampa,    Bow- 

Lithophaga  nigra  (d'Orbigny)  .  . 
Lithophaga  sp  

X 

V 

den,    Santo   Domingo. 
Tampa  and  Recent,  Cuba. 

Semele?  sp 

V 

Antigona  csesarina  var.  anguil- 

V 

Anguilla,  Bainbridge?, 

lana,  n.  var. 
Chione  spenceri,  n.  sp  

V 

Chipola  (variety). 

LIST  OF  STATIONS  IN  ANGUILLA.    T.  W.  VAUGHAN,  COLLECTOR. 

6893.  Crocus  Bay,  hill,  roadside,  descent  to  Crocus  Bay  from  valley. 

6894.  Crocus  Bay,  southwest  side. 

6964.  Crocus  Bay,  southwest  side;  fossils  from  rubble  above  shore-line. 

6965.  Crocus  Bay,  southwest  shore;  fossils  from  lowest  10  to  15  feet  of  fossiliferous  marls. 

6966.  Crocus  Bay,  southwest  side,  30  to  50  feet  above  sea-level. 

6967.  Crocus  Bay,  bluff  on  southwest  side,  uppermost  horizon,  125  feet  above  sea-level, 

mainly  limestone. 
6971.  Slope  about  100  feet  above  sea-level,  between  Little  Harbor  and  Pelican  Point. 

The  mollusks  from  all  the  localities  in  Anguilla,  with  the  possible 
exception  of  station  9664,  which  is  beach  rubble,  appear  to  represent  a 
single  geologic  horizon.  The  fauna  includes  species  common  to  forma- 
tions of  ages  ranging  from  the  middle  Oligocene  coral  reef  at  Bain- 
bridge,  Georgia,  to  the  Bowden  marl  of  Jamaica,  but  the  number  of 


108      GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   WEST   INDIES. 


species  common  to  other  formations  is  not  great  enough  to  justify  using 
the  statistical  method  of  correlation.  The  fossil  horizon  of  Anguilla  is 
evidently  intermediate  in  age  between  the  Oligocene  deposits  at  Bain- 
bridge  and  the  Bowden  marl,  and  its  stratigraphic  position  is  probably 
not  far  from  that  of  the  Tampa  limestone  of  Florida. 

Species  from  Anguilla. 


Species. 

:c 

"f 

I 

I 

I 

t^. 

O 

§ 

t^ 

§ 

Remarks. 

Conus  sp 

V 

Y 

Tunis  sp 

V 

Oliva  2  sp                       .          

Y 

Lyria  vau.gh.ani,  n.  sp  

Y 

Related  to  Tampa  and  Chipola 

Cassidea?  sp  

Y 

Dolium?  sp  

V 

Cyprsea  anguillana  n  sp 

V 

V 

Cyprssa  sp 

V 

V 

Y 

Y 

Cuba 

CvDrsea  so 

Y 

Strombus  sp                           

V 

Y 

Orthaulax  pugnax  (Heilprin)  
Cerithiuni  herculeanum  n.  sp 

X 
Y 

Bainbridge,    Tampa,    Antigua, 
Panama. 

Cerithidea?  anguillana,  n.  sp.       .  .    . 

Y 

Turritella  crocus,  n.  sp  

V 

V 

Y 

Antigua 

Turritella  anguillana,  n.  sp  

Y 

Related  to  Tampa  and   Bain- 

Turritella  dubiosa  n  sp 

Y 

bridge. 

Solarium  sp 

Y 

Y 

Xenophora  sp 

V 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Ampullina  anguillana,  n.  sp       

V 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Cuba,  related  to  Chipola. 

Ampullinopsis  spenceri,  n.  sp  

Y 

Antigua. 

Sinuxn  chipolanum  (Dall)    

Y 

Chipola. 

Scapharca  anguillana,  n.  sp  

Y 

Related  to  Panama. 

Pinna  vaughani  n  sp 

Y 

Pecten  perlatus  n  sp 

Y 

Pecten  thetidis  Sowerby  
Pecten  perplexus,  n.  sp.  ...          .... 

V 

Y 

X 

Y 

X 
Y 

Y 

Cuba,  Bowden,  Santo  Domingo. 

Pecten  crocus,  n.  sp  

Y 

Y 

Y 

Pecten  vaughani,  n.  sp  

V 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Pecten  anguillensis  Guppy  

V 

Antigua. 

Pecten  gabbi  Dall  

Y 

Antigua. 

Pecten  sp.  cf.  P.  crucianus,  n.  sp  
Pecten  clevei,  n.  sp  
Amusium  lyonii  (Gabb)     

X 

V 

X 

X 

Y 

X 
Y 

Related  to  Cuba. 
Costa  Rica,  related  to  Chipola. 

Spondylus  bostrychites  Guppy  

Metis  trinitaria  Dall  
Cardium  sp 

X 
X 

Y 

. 

X 

X 

X 

Y 

. 

Antigua,  Tampa,  Bowden,  Santo 
Domingo. 
Cuba,  Trinidad. 

Lucina  sp     .                             .... 

Y 

Phacoides  (Here)  sp  
Antigona    csesarina    var.    anguillana, 
n.  var. 

X 

X 

X 

Related  to  Tampa. 
Antigua,    Bainbridge,    Chipola 
(variety)  . 

TERTIARY    MOLLTJSCA. 


109 


LIST  OF  STATIONS  IN  CUBA. 

3192.  One-half  mile  inland  from  the  pier  of  the  Juragud  Railroad  on  Santiago  Bay  or 
Harbor;  Joseph  Willcox,  collector. 

3435.  Hillside  about  2  miles  from  Santiago,  on  road  to  Morro  Castle;  T.  W.  Vaughan, 

collector. 

3436.  South  side  of  city  of  Santiago,  along  trocha  in  small  escarpment  separating  Terrace 

'  1  from  Terrace  2  of  coastal  shelf,  20-foot  level;  material  brownish  yellowish 

marl  with  masses  of  pyrites;  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collector. 
3439.  Juragud  Railroad,  La  Cruz,  below  Terrace  3.     First  cutting  on  road;  T.  W.  Vaughan, 

collector. 

,3440.  Northeast  portion  of  Santiago;  fossils  in  marl  on  hillside;  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collector. 
3441.  East  of  La  Cruz,  near  railroad  crossing  of  road  to  Morro  Castle;  T.  W.  Vaughan, 

collector. 
3443.  Northeast  portion  of  Santiago;  marls  at  foot  of  hill;  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collector. 

3446.  First  deep  cutting  on  railroad  east  of  La  Cruz,  near  Santiago;  T.  W.  Vaughan, 

collector. 

3447.  Trocha  de  Santiago  de  Cuba,  second  exposure  on  north  side  of  trocha  east  from  water- 

front, stratum  3;  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collector. 
3468.  Gorge  of  Yumuri  River  below  Iglesia  Mte.  Serrato,  Matanzas  Province ;  T.  W.  Vaughan, 

collector. 
3474.  Consolacion  del  Sur,  Pinar  del  Rio;  collected  by  the  Alcalde. 

4290.  Vento,  Province  of  Habana;  Thomas  H.  Wren,  collector. 

4291.  Calabazar,  Province  of  Habana;  Thomas  H.  Wren,  collector. 

4292.  Near  E.  C.  A.,  Cuba  [within  10  miles  of  Habana];  Thomas  H.  Wren,  collector. 
5255.  Santiago  de  Cuba;  Lieutenant  Fred.  P.  Black,  collector. 

Quarry  near  asylum  near  Guajay,  15  miles  southwest  of  Habana;  Barnum  Brown,  collector. 

Species  from  Cuba. 


Species. 

>b 

<M 

05 

co 

co 

I 

05 

0 

i 

i—  i 

co 

1 

CD 

i 

I 

g 

55 

i 

^ 

1 

Tf 

| 

0 

Remarks. 

Scaphander  sp  

Y 

Cassidea  sulcif  era  (Sowerby)  ?  .  .  .  . 
Malea  camura  Guppy  

X 

Y 

Bainbridge,  Santo  Domingo. 
Bowden,     Santo     Domingo 

Cyprsea  sp 

V 

Y 

Y 

Gatun. 
Anguilla 

Strombus  sp 

V 

Orthaulax  inornatus  Gabb  . 

Y 

Tampa  Santo  Domingo 

Ampullina  anguillana,  n.  sp. 

V 

Anguilla  aff  Chipola 

Turbo  sp       

V 

Ostrea  haitensis  Sowerby        .    . 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Haiti,     Bowden      Chipola 

Pecten  thetidis  Sowerby  

Y 

Oak  Grove. 
Anguilla,  Bowden  Santo  Do- 

Pecten ventonensis,  n.  sp  

V 

Y 

Y 

Y 

mingo. 

Pecten  crucianus,  n.  sp     .        .  . 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Related  to  Anguilla 

Pecten  vaughani  var.   flabellum 
n.  var  

V 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Pecten  gardnerse,  n.  sp  

Y 

Pecten  jacobianus,  n.  sp  
Pecten  waylandi,  n.  sp  

•• 

X 

X 

Y 

X 

X 

•• 

Pecten  decorus,  n.  sp  

Y 

Pecten  pittieri  Dall  

V 

Y 

Costa  Rica. 

Pecten  articulosus,  n.  sp  

Y 

Plicatula  densata  Conrad  

Y 

V 

Tampa,  Chipola,  Oak  Grove, 

Modiolus  cinnamomeus  Lamarck  . 

V 

Y 

Miocene  of  New  Jersey. 
Tampa  Chipola      Trinidad 

Lithophaga  nigra  (d'Orbigny)  .... 

V 

Y 

Recent. 
Tampa  to  Recent. 

Teredo  sp  

V 

Y 

V 

V 

V 

Panope  sp  

V 

Tellinasp  

V 

Like  Recent  species. 

Metis  trinitaria  Dall  

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Y 

Trinidad. 

Lucina  sp  

V 

V 

V 

Phacoides  aff.  P.  hillsboroensis 
(Heilprin). 

X 

X 

Aff.  Tampa  and  Chipola. 

110      GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF  THE   WEST   INDIES. 

The  greater  number  of  collections  from  Cuba  appear  to  have  come 
from  a  single  geologic  horizon  which  is  exposed  at  numerous  localities 
in  the  vicinity  of  Santiago.  The  fauna,  which  is  characterized  by  a 
profusion  of  pectens,  bears  a  close  resemblance  to  those  of  Tampa  and 
Anguilla,  but  may  be  a  little  younger.  The  fossils  from  Consolacion 
del  Sur  (station  3474),  among  which  is  Orthaulax  inornatus,  have  not 
been  found  elsewhere  in  Cuba,  but  tie  up  with  the  Tampa  and  Anguilla 
faunas.  The  small  collections  from  Calabazar  (station  4291)  and 
Guajay  probably  are  of  nearly  the  same  age.  The  fossils  from  Havana 
(station  4292)  may  be  somewhat  younger  than  the  others,  but  the 
evidence  is  inconclusive. 

Interesting  collections  were  obtained  by  Wiebusch  (stations  3652, 
5312)  from  the  asphalt  beds  at  the  Angela  Elmira  mine  near  Bejucal. 
These  include  both  fresh-water  and  marine  species  which  may  have 
been  derived  from  beds  of  different  ages.  The  fossils  are  referred 
doubtfully  to  the  Oligocene.  The  list  follows : 

FOSSILS   FROM   THE    ASPHALT   BEDS    NEAR   BEJUCAL. 

Levifusus?  angelicus,  n.  sp.  Unio  bitumen,  n.  sp. 

Cyprsea  semen,  n.  sp.  Margarita  naticoides,  n.  sp. 

Hemisinus  bituminifer,  n.  sp.  Solemya  sulcifera,  n.  sp. 

Hemisinus  costatus,  n.  sp.  Myrtaea?  asphaltica,  n.  sp. 
Elmira  cornu-arietis,  n.  gen.  et  sp. 

DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SPECIES. 

Scaphander  species. 

A  well-preserved  cast  of  a  species  of  Scaphander  measuring  28  mm.  in 
altitude  and  16.4  mm.  in  diameter  was  collected  by  T.  H.  Wren  in  Cuba. 
Locality. — Calabazar,  Cuba,  station  4291. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Conus  species.  • 

(Plate  1,  Figures  5  a,  6,  6  a,  6.) 

Casts  of  the  interior  of  a  species  of  Conus  having  a  high,  apparently 
bulbous  nucleus  and  with  deeply  channeled  sutures  were  obtained  at 
Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.  The  smaller  whorls  are  rounded  on  top,  but 
the  more  mature  whorls  are  angulated  at  the  periphery. 

Another  species  of  Conus  occurs  in  the  Miocene  of  Santiago,  Cuba, 
station  5255,  and  a  third  in  the  upper  Eocene  of  St.  Bartholomew, 
station  6897a. 

Locality. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  stations  6894,  6966,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Figured  specimens.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Nos.  166947,  166948. 

Tunis  species. 

From  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  there  is  a  fragment  of  a  pleurotomoid 
shell  which  resembles  Turris  albida  (Perry)  in  general  appearance. 
The  major  sculpture,  as  in  the  species  cited,  consists  of  three  prominent 
spiral  threads;  the  secondary  sculpture  of  spiral  threads  is  lacking  on 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSCA.  Ill 

our  specimen;  the  growth  lines,  unlike  those  of  T.  albida,  are  not 
prominent;  the  notch  coincides  in  position  with  the  middle  thread. 

It  may  not  be  out  of  place  to  remark  here  that  Pleurotoma  cochlearis 
Conrad,  from  Vicksburg,  Mississippi,  which  has  been  placed  in  the 
synonymy  of  Turns  albida  by  several  writers,  is  clearly  distinct  from 
that  species  and  probably  belongs  to  a  different  section.  Although 
the  sculpture  of  the  mature  whorls  is  so  similar  that  decollated  speci- 
mens can  scarcely  be  distinguished  from  T.  albida,  the  protoconchs  of 
the  two  are  unlike. 

Locality. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  station  6894,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Oliva  species. 
(Plate  1.  Figure  1.) 

In  the  lower  bed  at  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  occur  two  species  of  Oliva, 
one  of  which  is  figured.  It  is  a  plump,  low-spired  shell  with  a  thick 
aperture.  The  other  is  higher  spired  and  proportionately  more  slender. 

Locality. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  station  6965,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Figured  specimen.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,-  No.  166953. 

Lyria  vaughani,  new  species. 

(Plate  1,  Figure  4.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  volutiform,  spire  high;  nucleus  small,  succeeded  by  5  whorls  with  high 
narrow  axial  costse,  about  9  on  the  body  whorl,  near  the  anterior  extremity  of 
which  are  several  oblique  threads;  aperture  wide,  about  two-thirds  the  length 
of  the  shell;  pillar  lip  with  3  basal  folds  and  apparently  several  indistinct  folds 
and  an  elliptical  node  at  the  posterior  end;  anterior  canal  short,  with  an 
oblique  fasciole. 

Alt.  22;  diam.  12.5;  alt.  of  body  whorl  15  mm. 

This  species  resembles  Lyria  musicina  Heilprin,  but  is  smaller,  has 
a  smaller  nucleus,  sharper  and  closer  ribs,  fewer  columellar  folds,  and 
more  prominent  basal  fasciole. 

Locality. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  station  6965,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type.—'U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  166955. 

Levifusus?  angelicus,  new  species. 
(Plate  1,  Figures  2,  3  a,  6.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  thin,  rapidly  expanding;  spire  low;  whorls  about  4J,  shouldered,  with 
narrow  axial  costse,  about  16  to  the  whorl,  extending  from  suture  to  suture 
on  the  spiral  whorls  but  obsolete  on  the  body  whorl  or  reduced  to  low  nodes 
on  the  carina;  shoulder  with  many  faint,  simple,  revolving  threads  and,  near 
the  suture,  one  stronger  thread  forming  nodes  at  the  intersections  with  the 
axial  ribs;  periphery  of  whorls  nearly  cylindrical,  set  with  5  or  more  strong, 


112      GEOLOGY   AND    PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE    WEST   INDIES. 

raised  threads  which  increase  in  number  and  decrease  in  relative  size  on  the 
body  whorl;  base  of  whorl  to  end  of  canal  covered  with  flat  threads;  canal 
short,  straight;  inner  lip  smooth,  with  a  thin  deposit  of  callus;  outer  lip  thin, 
broken,  with  no  traces  of  internal  lirse,  but  inner  surface  of  shell  very  minutely, 
closely,  spirally  lined;  aperture  broad,  semilunate. 

Alt.  of  smaller  fragment,  spire  lacking,  12.5  mm.;  diam.  of  body  whorl, 
9.5  mm. ;  alt.  of  larger  specimen,  end  of  canal  lacking,  17.4  mm.;  diam.  of  body 
whorl,  13.5  mm. 

The  larger  of  the  two  specimens  of  this  species  has  lost  nearly  all  of 
the  superficial  layers  of  shell  from  the  whorls  of  the  spire,  which  have 
thus  acquired  an  unnatural  rotundity.  The  tip  of  the  spire  of  the 
smaller  shell  is  broken,  but  the  lower  whor's  show  the  shape  and  sculp- 
ture very  well. 

Owing  to  the  absence  of  the  protoconch  and  nepionic  whorls,  it  is 
impossible  to  determine  with  certainty  the  precise  generic  relation- 
ships of  this  shell.  It  appears  rather  close  to  Levifusus,  to  which  I  have 
provisionally  referred  it,  but  is  less  acutely  carinate  and  tuberculate 
than  the  type  of  that  genus  and  appears  to  have  a  broader  aperture  and 
a  shorter  canal. 

Locality. — Angela  Elmira  asphalt  mine,  near  Bejucal,  Cuba,  station 
3652,  Wiebusch. 
.  Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene?  asphalt  beds. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  166957. 

Epitonium  (Sthenorhytis)  antiguense  (Brown). 
(Plate  1,  Figure  8.) 

Scala  (Sthenorhytis')  antiguensis  Brown,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  p.  612,  plate  20,  fig.  9, 
1913. 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  this  species : 

"Shell  turbinate,  of  about  five  whorls,  rapidly  enlarging;  the  suture 
impressed,  whorls  rounded,  crossed  by  about  sixteen  varices  which  are  acute 
edged  and  rise  abruptly  from  the  whorl.  The  intervarical  spaces  are  crossed 
by  five  raised  revolving  cords  with  a  secondary  sculpture  of  fine,  somewhat 
irregularly  spaced  revolving  lines  and  crossed  by  radial  lines  parallel  to  the 
varices.  This  secondary  sculpture  which  covers  the  varices  also,  is  best 
observed  with  a  lens.  From  the  excavated  form  of  the  base  of  the  shell,  it  is 
probable  that  the  mouth  was  circular,  but  this  portion  of  the  shell  is  imperfect. 
Alt.  30  mm.,  diam.  19  mm.  From  the  Hodge's  Hill  limestone  (Antigua  forma- 
tion), Hodge's  Bay,  Antigua.  Oligocene." 

This  species  probably  has  more  than  5  whorls,  but  from  the  single 
specimen  at  hand,  a  crushed  fragment  of  3  whorls,  it  is  impossible  to 
determine  the  number.  The  varices  are  curved  gently  away  from  the 
mouth. 

Locality. — Upper  bed  at  Hodge's  Hill,  station  6861,  Vaughan. 

Geological  horizon. — Oligocene? 

Type. — Philadelphia  Academy,  No.  1645. 

Figured  specimen. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  166958. 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSCA.  113 

Cassidea  sulcifera  (Sowerby)? 

Cassis  sulcifera  Sowerby,  Quart.  Jour.  Geol.  Soc.  London,  vol.  6,  p.  47,  plate  10,  fig.  1,  1850. 

(Date  of  imprint  1849.) 

Cassis  sulcifera  Dall,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  vol.  51,  p.  508,  plate  86,  fig.  4,  1916. 
Cassis  sulcifera  Maury,  Bull.  Amer.  Pal.,  vol.  5,  p.  275,  plate  44,  figs.  1-3,  1917. 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  this  species: 

"Testa  ovato-trigona,  crassiuscula,  anfractibus  senis,  longitudinaliter 
sulcatis,  ultimo  seriebus  duabus  ad  tribus  tuberculorum  ornato,  serie  postica 
eminentiore;  apertura  lata;  margine  interne  labii  externi  dentato,  dentibus 
paucis  distantibus;  labio  interne  transverse  costellifero;  costellis  anticis 
prominentioribus. ' ' 

The  Cuban  specimens,  which  are  doubtfully  referred  to  this  Domini- 
can species,  are  preserved  as  casts  only.  They  attained  a  size  con- 
siderably larger  than  was  customary  for  C.  sulcifera,  but  resemble  it 
in  shape  and  general  appearance,  and  are  unlike  any  other  described 
species  from  this  region  with  which  I  am  acquainted.  The  largest 
specimen  at  hand  measures  9  cm.  in  length  and  7.5  cm.  in  maximum 
width. 

Locality. — Calabazar,  Province  of  Habana,  Cuba,  station  4291, 
Wren.  Sowerby's  type  was  collected  by  Heneken  in  Santo  Domingo 
and  the  species  has  recently  been  obtained  by  Vaughan,  Mansfield,  and 
Cooke  from  the  base  of  the  Chattahoochee  formation  at  Red  Bluff, 
near  Bainbridge,  Georgia. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type. — British  Museum. 

Cassidea?  species. 

Indeterminable  casts  of  a  medium-sized  species  with  a  high  spire 
were  found  at  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.  They  attained  an  altitude  of 
about  5  cm. 

Locality. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  station  6966,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Dolium  species. 

An  internal  cast  which  resembles  Malea  camura,  but  appears  to  be  a 
little  more  cylindrical  than  that  species.  The  impression  of  the  inner 
lip  is  obliterated,  so  that  the  specific  characteristics  can  not  be  made 
out. 

Alt.,  36  mm.;  diam.,  26  mm. 

Locality. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  station  6894,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Malea  camura  Guppy. 

Malea  ringens  Conrad,  Pacific  R.  R.  Repts.,  vol.  6,  p.  72,  plate  5,  fig.  22,  1857. 

Malea  camura  Guppy,  Quart.  Jour.  Geol.  Soc.  London,  vol.  22,  p.  287,  plate  17,  fig.  9,  1866. 

Malea  camura  Brown  and  Pilsbry,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  p.  356,  1911. 

Malea  camura  Maury,  Bull.  Amer.  Pal.,  vol.  5,  p.  276,  pi.  45,  fig.  3,  1917. 


114      GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF  THE   WEST   INDIES. 

The  following  is  Guppy's  description  of  this  species : 

"Shell  ovate,  ventricose;  whorls  6-7,  destitute  of  varices,  zoned  by  about 
16  low  spiral  ridges;  spire  short,  conic;  aperture  rather  narrow,  outer  lip 
thickened,  dentate;  inner  lip  sinuate,  dentate;  columella  tortuous,  irregularly 
folded  or  plaited;  callus  thin." 

This  species  is  very  closely  related  to  Malea  ringens  Swainson,  living 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  with  which  it  was  confused  by  Conrad.  It  appears 
to  have  attained  adult  characters  at  a  somewhat  smaller  size  and  to 
have  more  delicate  sculpture  than  the  recent  species,  but  in  other 
respects  to  be  almost  indistinguishable  from  it.  It  is  interesting  to  find 
this  type  of  shell  surviving  with  such  slight  modifications  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  but  now  quite  extinct  in  the  Antillean  region,  where  it  was  once 
so  widely  distributed. 

Malea  camura  is  represented  in  the  Cuban  collections  by  only  one 
cast  of  the  interior,  but  there  can  be  little  doubt  of  the  correctness  of 
the  identification. 

Localities. — Near  Havana,  Cuba,  station  4292,  Wrenn,  collector;  also 
Bowden,  Jamaica;  Haiti;  Pontou,  Santo  Domingo ;and  Gatun,  Panama. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Types.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Nos.  115506  and  115507. 

Cyprsea  anguillana,  new  species. 
(Plate  1,  Figures  9  a,  6.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  subellipsoidal,  smooth,  polished;  spire  mammiform,  with  sutures 
obliterated;  aperture  narrow;  outer  lip  closely  dentate  with  about  20  tubercles; 
inner  h'p  obsoletely  dentate  well  within  the*  aperture;  inner  and  outer  lips 
pinched  or  flattened  at  the  anterior  end. 

Alt.,  25  mm.;  diam.,  14.5  mm. 

Locality. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  station  6894;  the  cast  of  a  larger 
specimen,  probably  C.  anguillana,  was  found  at  station  6893,  Vaughan. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 
Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  166963. 

Cyprsea  semen,  new  species. 
(Plate  1,  Figures  10  o,  6.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  small,  rotund;  surface  smooth  and  polished,  but  inner  layers  of  shell 
exhibiting  faint,  distantly  spaced  lirations  transverse  to  the  axis;  outer  Up 
with  22  or  23  evenly  spaced  denticulations  placed  well  within  the  aperture; 
inner  lip  with  5  denticulations  on  the  anterior  half  and  several  obsolescent 
denticulations  on  the  posterior  half;  canals  short,  nearly  equal. 

Length,  8.5  mm. ;  diameter,  5.8  mm. 

Locality. — Angela  Elmira  asphalt  mine  near  Bejucal,  Cuba,  station 
3652;  Wiebusch,  collector. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene? 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  166965. 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSCA.  115 

Cypraea  species. 

Besides  Cyprcea  anguillana,  two  species  of  Cyprcea  occur  at  Crocus 
Bay,  Anguilla.  One  is  represented  in  the  collection  by  a  single  crushed 
specimen  with  an  ornamentation  of  raised  spiral  lines  resembling  the 
sculpture  of  Ovula  multicarinata  Dall.  It  was  found  at  station  6967. 
The  other,  a  large  globose  form  preserved  only  as  casts,  is  abundant 
and  occurs  also  in  Cuba. 

Localities. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  stations  6893,  6894,  6966,  6971, 
Vaughan;  Consolacion  del  Sur,  Vento,  and  Calabazar,  Cuba,  stations 
3474,  4290,  4291,  Wren. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Cypraea,  indeterminate  species. 

One  indeterminable  cast. 

Locality. — Northwest  side  of  St.  Jean  Bay,  St.  Bartholomew,  station 
6925,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Upper  Eocene. 

Strombus  species. 
(Plate  2,  Figures  5  a,  6.) 

Casts  of  a  huge  species  of  Strombus  with  a  moderately  high  spire 
have  been  found  at  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.  The  largest  specimen  ex- 
ceeded 20  cm.  in  altitude  and  15  cm.  in  diameter.  Smaller  specimens 
about  8  cm.  in  altitude,  have  a  very  low  spire  and  long  tubercles  and 
probably  represent  a  different  species.  The  figured  specimen,  measur- 
ing 38  mm.  in  altitude,  probably  belongs  to  a  third  species. 

A  Strombus  occurs  in  the  Oligocene  of  Santiago,  Cuba,  station  5255. 

Locality. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  stations  6894,  6965,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Figured  specimen.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  166983. 
Orthaulax  pugnax  (Heilprin). 
(Plate  2,  Figures  3,  4.) 

Wagneria  pugnax  Heilprin,  Trans.  Wagner  Inst.,  vol.  I,  p.  106,  plate  15,  figs.  36,  36a,  1887. 
Orthaulax  pugnax  Ball,  Trans.  Wagner  Inst.,  vol.  Ill,  p.  170,  plate  8,  figs.  5,  8,  1890. 
Orthaulax  pugnax  Dall,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Bull.  90,  p.  87,  plate  15,  figs.  5,  10,  1915. 
Orthaulax  pugnax  Dall,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  vol.  51,  p.  509,  1916. 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  this  species. 

"Shell  irregularly  oval,  obconical,  flattened,  the  flattened  appearance  being 
due  to  three  irregular  swellings  or  knobs,  one  of  which  immediately  adjoins 
the  anteriorly-directed  fissure  of  the  aperture;  aperture  narrow,  projected 
forward  (in  its  upper  course)  as  a  closely  compressed  fissure,  which  in  a 
crescential  curve  ascends  to  within  a  comparatively  short  distance  of  the 
apex  of  the  spire;  outer  lip?  (broken  in  specimen) ;  inner  lip  largely  developed, 
completely  concealing  the  whorls  of  the  spire,  and  duplicating  for  a  very  con- 
siderable extent  the  outer  lip ;  spire  freely  enclosed  in  a  pointed  superstructure, 
or  dome,  built  over  it  by  an  extension  of  the  mantle;  surface  covered  with  longi- 
tudinal lines  of  growth,  which  extend  continuously  from  the  apex  to  the  base. 

"Length  (of  imperfect  specimens,  lacking  probably  upward  of  an  inch),  2.7 
inches;  width,  1.75  inches." 


116      GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   WEST   INDIES. 

Localities. — Antigua,  Spencer;  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla  (sta.  6965), 
Vaughan.  Occurs  also  at  Bainbridge,  Tampa,  and  Canal  Zone  (sta. 
5901,  2  miles  south  of  Mitchellville,  P.  R.  R.). 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type. — Wagner  Institute,  Philadelphia. 

Figured  specimens.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Nos.  166982,  166984. 

Orthaulax  inornatus  Gabb. 
(Plate  2,  Figures  1,  2.) 

Orthaulax  inornatus  Gabb,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vol.  24,  p.  272,  plate  ix,  figs.  3,  4, 

1872. 

Orthaulax  inornatus  Gabb,  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.,  n.  s.,  Vol.  XV,  p.  234,  1873. 
Orthaulax  inornatus  Guppy,  Quart.  Jour.  Geol.  Soc.  London,  vol.  32,  p.  520,  plate  28,  fig.  8, 

1876. 

Orthaulax  inornatus  Dall,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Bull.  90,  p.  86,  plate  11,  fig.  4,  1915. 
Orthaulax  inornatus  Dall,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  vol.  51,  p.  509,  plate  88,  fig.  9,  1916. 
Orthaulax  inornatus  Maury,  Bull.  Amer.  Pal.,  vol.  5,  p.  285,  plate  47,  fig.  11,  1917. 

The  following  is  Gabb's  description  of  this  species  (1873) : 

"Shell  broadly  rounded-fusiform.  Young  shell  with  the  spire  a  little 
shorter  than  the  aperture,  suture  impressed,  whorls  numerous,  nuclear  whorls 
three,  the  subsequent  ones  showing  faint  traces  of  occasional  thickenings 
disposed  like  the  varices  of  Triton;  surface  smooth;  anterior  end  of  body 
whorl  marked  by  a  few  faint  revolving  lines,  no  posterior  canal.  Adult  shell 
more  distinctly  fusiform,  the  spire  covered  with  a  longitudinally  striated 
incrustation  covering  the  sutures  and  extending  to  the  extreme  apex.  Aper- 
ture elongated,  acute  behind  and  prolonged  into  a  very  narrow  posterior  canal 
running  straight  to  the  apex;  in  advance  it  is  gradually  narrowed,  the  anterior 
notch  broad  and  shallow;  inner  Up  thinly  encrusted;  outer  lip  thin  in  all  my 
specimens,  and  apparently  thin,  straight  and  entire  in  the  perfect  adult.  Size 
of  largest  specimen,  length  3.75  inches,  width  1.5  inches." 

Two  broken  specimens,  much  larger  than  any  previously  figured, 
were  obtained  in  Cuba.  As  one  would  expect  of  shells  of  this  type, 
the  apical  angle  of  the  adult  shell  is  much  more  obtuse  than  that  of  the 
immature  specimen.  The  faint  revolving  lines  on  the  anterior  end 
extend  posteriorly  to  the  position  of  maximum  diameter  of  the  whorl. 
In  other  respects,  the  Cuban  fossils  resemble  those  from  Santo  Domingo 
and  Florida. 

Localities. — Consolacion  del  Sur,  Pinar  del  Rio,  Cuba,  station  3474, 
the  Alcalde,  coll.;  Santo  Domingo;  Tampa;  Bainbridge. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type. — Philadelphia  Academy. 

Figured  specimens— -U '.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  166980. 

Cerithium  herculeanum,  new  species. 
(Plate  1,  Figure  7.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  large,  broad  at  the  base;  decollated,  10  subsequent  whorls;  spiral 
sculpture  from  anterior  to  posterior  as  follows:  1  inconspicuous  thread  adjacent 
to  the  suture;  1  row  of  nodes  becoming  acuminate  on  the  larger  whorls;  2  low, 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSCA.  117 

simple  threads;  1  row  of  high,  pointed  nodes  convex  anteriorly,  concave  poste- 
riorly, forming  a  coronation  adj acent  to  the  suture.    Outer  lip  and  canal  broken. 
Length  of  fragment  of  10  whorls,  apex  and  part  of  anterior  canal  missing, 
85  mm.;  diam.  at  decollation  7  mm.;  diam.  of  body  whorl,  37  mm. 

This  species  is  readily  distinguishable  from  others  of  the  mid- 
American  region  by  its  large  size  and  peculiar  sculpture. 
Locality. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  station  6965,  Vaughan. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 
Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  166985. 

Cerithium  species. 

Casts  of  a  large  Cerithium  were  obtained  by  Vaughan  on  the  north- 
west side  of  St.  Jean  Bay,  St.  Bartholomew,  at  stations  6905  and  6925. 
A  smaller  species  retaining  the  silicified  shell,  which  shows  imperfectly 
the  original  sculpture,  was  collected  at  station  6897,  a  point  between 
Anse  Ecaille  and  Anse  Lezard. 

Geologic  horizon. — Upper  Eocene. 

Cerithidea?  anguillana,  new  species. 
(Plate  3,  Figures  10  a,  b,  11,  12  a,  6.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  slender;  a,xial  sculpture  of  numerous  small,  rounded  ribs,  about  15  to 
the  whorl,  extending  across  the  whorl,  and  feeble  varices  at  intervals  of  about 
three-fourths  of  a  whorl;  spiral  sculpture  of  fine  and  coarser  rounded  threads, 
thickened  a  little  on  top  of  the  ribs;  middle  portion  of  whorl  nearly  flat,  with 
3  or  5  coarse  threads  separated  by  two  or  more  finer  ones;  margins  of  the 
whorls  sloping  to  the  moderately  impressed  suture  and  covered  with  fine 
threads,  with  one  coarser  thread  adjacent  to  the  suture. 

Length  of  fragment  of  about  6  whorls,  19.5  mm.;  width  of  largest  whorl, 
8.2  mm. 

Two  young  shells,  probably  of  this  species,  show  that  the  axial  costse 
do  not  extend  to  the  base  of  the  body  whorl,  which  is  ornamented  with 
fine,  impressed,  revolving  lines. 

Locality. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  station  6965,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus  No.  166991. 

Hemisinus  costatus,  new  species. 
(Plate  3,  Figures  1  a,  6.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  long,  slender;  whorls  moderately  convex;  suture  deeply  channeled. 
Sculpture  of  strong  axial  or  slightly  protractive  costae,  14  per  whorl,  termi- 
nating abruptly  at  the  first  spiral  line  behind  the  suture,  and  9  or  10  fine 
revolving  threads  on  whorls  of  spire  and  3  additional  strong  threads  and 
several  finer  ones  on  base  of  body-whorl.  Whorls  coronated  by  a  row  of  weak 
nodes  at  the  intersections  of  the  most  posterior  thread  with  the  costse.  Aper- 
ture oval;  peristome  incipiently  channeled  anteriorly. 

Length  of  fragment  of  3J  whorls,  20.6  mm.;  length  of  body-whorl,  10.6 
mm.;  diameter  of  body-whorl,  7.5  mm.;  length  of  aperture,  5.3  mm. 


118      GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   WEST   INDIES. 

Locality. — Angela  Elmira  asphalt  mine,  near  Bejucal,  Cuba,  station 
5312,  Wiebusch. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene? 
Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  166994. 

Hemisinus  bituminifer,  new  species. 
(Plate  3,  Figure  2.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Whorls  convex,  obsoletely  shouldered;  suture  impressed;  costse  terminating 
abruptly  close  behind  the  suture,  retractive  in  posterior  quarter  of  the  shell, 
protective  in  anterior  three-quarters,  22  on  penultimate  whorl,  27  on  body- 
whorl;  shoulder  nearly  smooth;  about  10  low,  spiral  threads  on  whorls  in  front 
of  the  shoulder;  base  of  body-whorl  with  numerous  fine,  even,  spiral  threads. 
Aperture  broadly  oval;  inner  lip  with  a  thin  callus. 

Length  of  a  fragment  of  about  1%  whorls,  21.7  mm.;  altitude  of  bodywhorl, 
16.8  mm.;  diameter  of  body-whorl,  18  mm.;  length  of  aperture,  about  10  mm. 

Locality. — Angela  Elmira  asphalt  mine,  near  Bejucal,  Cuba,  station 
3652,  Wiebusch. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene? 
Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  166993. 

Hemisinus  atriformis,  new  species. 
(Plate  3,  Figures  4,  5.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  stout,  of  about  8  or  10  whorls,  5J  remaining  on  the  decollated  type; 
whorls  cylindrical  to  convex,  twice  as  wide  as  high.  Axial  sculpture  of  numer- 
ous close,  slightly  protractive  ribs  rendered  strongly  nodose  by  close  impressed 
revolving  lines.  The  axial  sculpture  is  dominant  at  first,  but  is  exceeded  in 
strength  on  the  large  whorls  by  the  spiral  sculpture.  Aperture  crushed  in  all 
the  specimens  at  hand,  but  apparently  broadly  oval  and  flattened  in  front. 
Inner  lip  callous,  arcuate;  outer  lip  thin. 

Alt.,  15.5  mm. ;  diam.  of  body-whorl,  8  mm. 

The  sculpture  of  this  shell  is  strikingly  similar  to  that  of  plicate 
varieties  of  Doryssa  atra  inhabiting  rivers  in  British  Guiana. 

This  species,  much  broader  than  H.  siliceus,  with  which  it  is  asso- 
ciated, possesses  nearly  the  same  proportions  as  the  cast  from  the  same 
locality  which  has  been  unrecognizably  figured  by  Brown  and  Pilsbry 
under  the  name  of  H .  latus.1 

Locality. — Dry  Hill  Point,  Antigua,  station  6867,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  166996. 

Hemisinus  antiguensis  Brown  and  Pilsbry. 
(Plate  3,  Figures  6,  7,  8,  9.) 

Hemisinus  antiguensis  Brown  and  Pilsbry,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  p.  210,  plate  9,  figs. 
1,  3,  5,  6,  1914. 

1  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  p.  211,  plate  9,  fig.  4,  1914. 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSCA.  119 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  this  species : 

"The  shell  is  slender,  diameter  contained  nearly  three  times  in  the  length; 
whorls  rather  numerous,  probably  at  least  fifteen  in  a  perfect  shell,  as  a  young 
one  12.5  mm.  long  has  twelve  whorls,  the  upper  part  of  the  spire  being  very 
slender.  Whorls  convex,  sculptured  with  many  rounded  ribs,  as  wide  as  their 
intervals,  somewhat  curved,  the  concavity  forward  and  somewhat  protractive. 
There  are  about  25  ribs  on  a  whorl.  Above  the  lower  suture  of  each  whorl 
there  are  two  or  three  spiral  cords,  the  lowest  one  strongest.  On  the  last 
whorl  the  ribs  extend  to  the  periphery,  where  they  disappear,  the  peripheral 
region  and  the  base  having  numerous  spiral  cords.  The  aperture  is  but  rarely 
preserved,  but  in  the  best  examples  the  peristome  seems  to  be  somewhat 
effuse  at  the  base  of  the  columella. 

" Length  16.5,  diam.  6     mm.,  8  whorls  remaining. 
"         19.5,        "   6.4      "  "        " 

"  The  sculpture  of  longitudinal  ribs  with  basal  spirals  is  characteristic.  The 
same  type  of  sculpture  occurs  in  various  South  American  species  of  Hemisinus. 
It  could  readily  be  matched  also  in  Melania  and  related  forms  or  in  the 
Pleuroceratidae. 

"There  seems  to  be  variation  in  the  development  of  the  spirals.  Many 
specimens  show  weak  traces  of  impressed  spirals  over  the  ribs  throughout, 
and  this  seems  to  be  the  normal  condition;  but  in  some  examples  the  ribs 
appear  to  be  smooth  except  near  their  lower  ends. 

"This  species,  like  the  associated  forms,  has  the  basal  sinus  or  notch  obso- 
lete, as  in  part  of  the  recent  species." 

The  revolving  threads  on  the  posterior  part  of  the  whorl  are"  coarser 
and  more  persistently  present  than  one  would  infer  from  the  description. 
Locality. — Dry  Hill  Point,  Antigua  (station  6867),  Vaughan. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 
Type. — Philadelphia  Academy. 
Figured  specimen. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  166995. 

Hemisinus  siliceus  Brown  and  Pilsbry. 

(Plate  3,  Figure  3.) 
Hemisimis  siliceus  Brown  and  Pilsbry,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  p.  211,  plate  9,  fig.  2, 1914. 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  this  species : 

"The  shell  is  Melaniiform,  regularly  tapering,  the  diameter  of  last  whorl 
contained  about  2J  times  in  the  total  length.  The  whorls  are  convex,  and 
apparently  without  any  sculpture  except  growth-lines.  The  last  whorl  has 
fine,  reversed  sigmpid  growth  strise,  which  retract  somewhat  below  the  suture, 
then  advance,  as  in  H.  cubiana.  In  the  type  specimen  a  former  peristome, 
indicating  a  period  of  growth  arrest,  appears  as  a  sigmoid  varix  on  the  last 
whorl.  This  indicates  a  more  strongly  sigmoid  outer  lip  than  in  the  recent 
Antillean  species. 

"Length  26  mm.,  about  six  whorls  remaining,  the  summit  lost;  diam. 
10.8  mm. 

"No  entirely  perfect  aperture  was  found  on  the  slabs  collected,  but  so  far 
as  we  can  judge,  it  seems  to  be  much  like  that  of  Hemisinus  cubanianus  (Orb.). 
It  is  not  unlikely  that  H.  siliceus  is  ancestral,  or  at  least  a  collateral  species 


120      GEOLOGY  AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF  THE   WEST   INDIES. 

not  far  removed  from  the  ancestral  stock  of  the  smooth  Antillean  species  of 
Hemisinus. 

"There  is,  of  course,  a  possibility  that  this  Antigua  species  belongs  to  the 
genus  Pachycheilus,  which  is  represented  in  the  recent  fauna  of  Cuba  by  P. 
conicus  (Orb.)  and  P.  violaceus  Prest.;  but  the  straighter  columella  does  not, 
in  our  opinion,  favor  this  view. 

"The  type  has  lost  the  shell  from  the  spire  by  conversion  into  flint,  but  the 
surface  has  been  preserved  in  perfection  on  the  last  whorl." 

Locality. — Dry  Hill  Point,  Antigua,  station  6867,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type. — Philadelphia  Academy. 

Figured  specimen.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  166998. 

Turritella  anguillana,  new  species. 
(Plate  4,  Figures  1,  2,  3.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  long,  slender;  whorls  medially  constricted,  with  two  prominent  spiral 
cords  on  the  anterior  quarter,  the  cord  adjacent  to  the  suture  usually  the 
smaller;  remainder  of  the  whorl  with  fine  spiral  threads;  finer  details  of  sculp- 
ture obliterated  on  specimens  at  hand. 

A  fragment  of  4  whorls  tapers  from  11.5  to  8  mm.  in  25.5  mm.  length. 

This  species  appears  to  be  intermediate  between  T.  mississippiensis 
Conrad  from  Vicksburg  and  T.  systoliata  Dall  from  the  Tampa  silex 
bed,  resembling  the  former  in  that  the  posterior  of  the  two  prominent 
cords  is  the  larger,  and  resembling  the  latter  in  the  constriction  of  the 
whorls. 

T.  anguillana  is  closely  related  to  T.  halensis  Dall  from  Bainbridge, 
but  in  T.  halensis  the  constriction  is  limited  to  the  middle  third  of  the 
whorl. 

Locality. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  station  6894,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167008. 

Turritella  dubiosa,  new  species. 
(Plate  4,  Figure  4.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  conic,  rapidly  expanding;  whorls  nearly  flat  or  very  slightly  convex, 
with  a  low,  sharp,  spiral  thread  at  the  anterior  quarter  and  a  finer  thread 
adjacent  to  the  suture;  median  portion  smooth;  posterior  third  with  two  or 
more  low,  spiral  threads;  suture  very  little  impressed. 

Length  of  fragment  of  about  5  whorls,  26  mm.  , 

This  species  is  represented  in  the  collection  by  a  single  slightly 
crushed  fragment.    The  figure  is  from  a  photograph  of  the  broader  side. 
Locality. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  station  6965,  Vaughan. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 
Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167009. 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSCA.  121 

Turritella  forresti  Brown. 
(Plate  4,  Figures  5,  6,  7.) 
Turritella  forresti  Brown,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  p.  613,  plate  20,  figs.  2,  3,  4,  7,  8,  1913' 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  this  species: 

"Shell  elongate,  slowly  tapering,  of  many  whorls,  with  a  raised  sculpture 
of  three  major  spiral  ridges,  of  which  the  one  towards  the  apex  is  double  and 
beaded,  the  next  one  is  at  first  single,  but  later  becomes  double  and  beaded, 
while  the  third  is,  in  the  younger  stage,  not  beaded.  Between  these  major 
revolving  spiral  ridges  are  finer  revolving  spirals,  about  five  between  the  first 
and  second  major  spirals,  and  the  same  number  between  the  second  and  third 
spirals,  with  a  like  number  from  the  third  spiral  to  the  suture.  These  second- 
ary spirals  may  become  knotty  and  beaded  when  crossed  by  the  diagonal 
growth  lines,  and  the  doubling  of  the  major  spirals  comes  from  one  of  these 
minor  spirals  becoming  enlarged  on  that  side  of  the  major  spiral  towards  the 
apex.  The  suture  becomes  depressed  by  the  shell  being  excavated  above  the 
suture  or  on  the  basal  side  of  the  whorl.  A  fragment  of  14  mm.  tapers  from  4 
mm.  to  2  mm.  in  six  whorls.  A  larger  fragment  tapers  from  6  mm.  to  4  mm. 
in  a  length  of  13  mm." 

Localities. — North  of  the  cathedral,  St.  Johns,  Antigua,  station  6866, 
Vaughan;  Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua,  Brown. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 
Types. — Philadelphia  Academy,  No.  1644. 
Figured  specimens. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167005. 

Turritella  crocus,  new  species. 
(Plate  4,  Figure  8.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  acute-conic;  whorls  nearly  twice  as  wide  as  high,  with  2  strong,  high, 
revolving  ribs  separated  by  a  deep,  evenly  concave  depression;  anterior  rib 
round  to  acutish,  with  concave  slope  to  the  suture;  posterior  rib  round,  with 
flattish  posterior  slope  to  the  suture;  suture  deeply  impressed;  obscure  traces 
of  revolving,  impressed  lines  on  median  depression  and  on  posterior  rib;  base 
nearly  flat;  aperture  oval  or  subquadrangular. 

Alt.  of  decollated  specimen,  4  whorls  remaining,  28  mm.;  diam.  of  body- 
whorl,  11.9  mm.  The  body-whorl  of  a  larger  specimen  measures  18.5  mm. 
in  diameter. 

The  median  groove  of  this  species  recalls  T.  ambulacrum  Sby.,  but 
comparison  shows  the  latter  to  be  entirely  distinct. 

A  very  closely  related,  if  not  identical,  species  occurs  in  limestone 
at  "E-l  Salts,"  Chiapas,  Mexico,  in  the  area  marked  as  Pliocene  by 
Bose. 

Localities. — Upper  bed  at  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  stations  6967  (type), 
6894,  and  6893.  A  fragment,  apparently  of  T.  crocus,  was  found  at 
Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua,  station  6881,  and  another,  possibly  of  the 
same  species,  near  Jackass  Point,  St.  Johns  Bay,  Antigua,  station  6865. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167000. 


122      GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF  THE   WEST   INDIES. 

Solarium  species. 
(Plate  4,  Figure  10.) 

From  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  there  are  two  specimens  of  Solarium. 
The  smaller,  which  is  figured,  is  a  fragment  of  3|  whorls  from  station 
6965.  The  upper  surface  is  ornamented  with  a  sculpture  of  radiating 
and  revolving  lines,  as  in  S.  bellastriatum;  the  lower  surface  is  embedded 
in  a  matrix  of  hard,  yellow  limestone.  The  larger  specimen  is  23  mm, 
in  diameter.  The  sculpture,  except  for  prominent  revolving  lines  on 
the  upper  surface,  is  obliterated.  The  suture  is  deeply  impressed. 

Locality. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  stations  6965  and  6967,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Figured  specimen. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167015.    . 

Bythinella  antiguensis  Brown  and  Pilsbry. 

Bythinetta  antiguensis  Brown  and  Pilsbry,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  p.  212,  text-fig.  1, 
1914. 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  this  species: 

"The  shell  is  oblong,  pupiform,  smooth;  outlines  of  the  spire  convex,  the 
apex  conspicuously  obtuse.  Whorls  4,  very  convex,  aperture  vertical,  shortly 
ovate,  its  length  contained  2\  times  in  that  of  the  shell;  peristome  in  one  plane, 
thin. 

"Length  1.8,  diam.  1.1,  length  of  aperture  0.7  mm. 

"This  very  minute  form  is  not  rare.  It  has  the  very  obtuse  summit  and  the 
pupiform  shape  of  the  species  usually  referred  to  Bythinella,  rather  than  the 
shape  of  Paludestrina,  if,  indeed,  the  two  groups  are  distinct.  Of  course,  any 
generic  reference  of  a  minute  Amnicoloid  shell  of  this  sort  is  purely  provisional, 
unless  it  is  from  a  region  where  the  recent  fauna  and  its  antecedents  are  well 
known." 

Locality. — Dry  Hill,  Antigua,  Brown. 
Type. — Philadelphia  Academy. 

Xenophora  species. 

A  species  of  Xenophora  with  very  convex,  closely  appressed  whorls 
showing  few  scars  of  attachment  is  abundant  in  the  Oligocene  of 
Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla  (stations  6893,  6894,  6966,  6967).  An  indeter- 
minable cast  of  a  Xenophora  was  collected  from  the  upper  Eocene  on 
the  northwest  side  of  St.  Jean  Bay,  St.  Bartholomew,  station  6925, 
Vaughan,  collector. 

Genus  ELMIRA,  new  genus. 
The  following  is  a  description  of  this  genus: 

Shell  rapidly  increasing  in  size;  whorls  few,  rapidly  descending;  holostome; 
imperforate. 

Genotype. — Elmira  cornu-arietis  Cooke,  n.  sp. 

This  genus  appears  to  belong  to  the  Paludinidse,  but  has  fewer  whorls 
and  is  much  more  rapidly  expanding  than  the  other  members  of  that 
family. 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSCA.  123 

Elmira  cornu-arietis,  new  species. 
(Plate  5,  Figures  9  a-c.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  corniform,  imperforate,  thin,  rapidly  increasing  in  size,  with  2  evenly 
convex  rapidly  descending  whorls;  suture  deeply  impressed;  aperture  entire, 
circular;  inner  lip  and  part  of  the  convex  base  concealed  by  a  thin  callus; 
surface  malleated  and  with  obscure  broad  revolving  grooves  crossed  by 
rugose,  undulating  growth-lines. 

Axial  elevation,  32  mm. ;  diameter,  34  mm. 

As  the  shell  is  broken  away  at  the  apex,  the  apparent  fewness  of 
volutions  may  be  due,  in  part,  to  the  obliteration  of  the  sutural  impres- 
sions in  the  asphalt  of  which  the  cast  is  composed. 

Locality. — Angela  Elmira  asphalt  mine,  near  Bejucal,  Cuba,  stations 
3652,  5312. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene? 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167036. 

Ampullina  anguillana,  new  species. 
(Plate  4,  Figures  9  a,  6.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  globose,  of  about  5J  whorls,  striated  in  accordance  with  the  lines  of 
growth  at  intervals  on  the  body-whorl  of  about  0.6  mm.;  spire  low;  base 
covered  with  a  broad,  convex  callus. 

Alt.,  43  mm.;  diam.,  42.5  mm. 

This  shell  resembles  A.  fischeri  Ball,  which  has  a  flatter  and  pro- 
portionately much  narrower  callus.  The  shape  of  the  whorls  and  the 
elevation  of  the  spire  are  about  as  in  A.  fischeri. 

Localities.— Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  station  6965  (type),  6966,  6893?, 
6894,  Vaughan,  collector;  also  in  the  form  of  casts  at  Consolacion  del 
Sur,  Cuba,  station  3474,  the  Alcalde,  collector. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167021. 

Ampullina  (?),  indeterminate  species. 

An  indeterminable  cast. 

Locality. — Between  Colombier  Point  and  bay  next  to  St.  Jean  Bay, 
St.  Bartholomew,  station  68976,  Vaughan. 
Geologic  horizon. — Upper  Eocene. 

Ampullina  (Ampullinopsis)  spenceri,  new  species. 
(Plate  5,  Figures  1-3.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  large,  thick,  of  about  7  whorls;  the  entire  body-whorl,  except  the  base 
and  sutural  channel,  ornamented  with  close,  evenly  spaced,  indistinct, 
impressed  punctate  revolving  lines,  visible  only  on  well-preserved  specimens; 
apex  small,  pointed;  spire  moderately  low;  suture  deeply  excavated;  whorls 
angulated  at  the  sutural  channel;  greatest  convexity  below  the  middle  of  the 
whorl;  base  flat  or  slightly  convex,  separated  from  the  remainder  of  the  body- 


124      GEOLOGY  AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF  THE   WEST   INDIES. 

whorl  by  a  distinct,  sometimes  impressed  line;  callus  turgid,  of  variable  width, 
usually  concealing  much  of  the  umbilicus. 

Dimensions — Alt.,  38    mm.;  diam.,  39    mm.;  length  of  body-whorl  at  aperture.  35 . 5  mm. 
37  38.5  35.0 

53.5  55  50.5 

This  species  closely  resembles  A.  amphora  Heilprin,  but  the  spire  is 
less  elevated  than  in  that  species. 

Locality. — The  two  cotypes  were  collected  by  J.  W.  Spencer  in 
Antigua;  a  larger  but  less  perfect  specimen  was  obtained  by  Vaughan 
at  the  bluff  on  the  north  side  of  Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua  (station 
6881).  Casts  of  a  similar,  perhaps  identical,  species  were  collected  at 
Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla  (station  6894). 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene,  Antigua  formation. 

Types.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167031. 

Sinum  chipolanum  (Dall) 
(Plate  5,  Figures  6  a,  &.) 

Sigaretus  chipolanus  Dall,  Trans.  Wagner  Inst.,  vol.  3,  pt.  2,  p.  379,  plate  17,  fig.  7,  1892. 
Sinum  chipolanum  Dall,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Bull.  90,  p.  109,  plate  12,  fig.  29;  plate  16,  fig.  1, 1915. 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  this  species : 

"Shell  solid,  rather  thick,  varying  in  rotundity  with  age,  the  young  ones 
as  a  rule  being  more  naticoid  in  shape,  while  the  more  advanced  are  relatively 
flatter,  and  the  fully  mature  specimens  again  are  more  rotund;  whorls  four  or 
five,  sculptured  with  rather  fine,  flattish,  revolving  threads  of  varying  size, 
separated  by  channelled  interspaces,  varying  in  width  and  minutely  undulated 
or  reticulated  by  the  sharp,  close-set,  fine  incremental  lines;  aperture  large, 
oblique;  base  somewhat  flattened,  periphery  rounded;  pillar  lip  arched, 
broad,  flattened  somewhat  and  sometimes  excavated,  with  a  narrow  sulcus 
behind  it,  running  up  to  the  imperf orate  umbilical  region;  callus  on  the  body 
moderate,  lip  not  reflected.  Max.  Ion.  of  adult  33;  diam.  27  mm. ;  Ion.  of  young 
shell  16.5;  axial  elevation  11;  diam,  15  mm. 

"This  species  is  most  nearly  related  to  S.  declivis,  from  which  it  may  be 
separated  by  its  closed  umbilicus  and  the  absence  of  the  emargination  of  the 
pillar,  which  is  the  most  characteristic  feature  of  declivis.  It  also  recalls  S. 
bilix  var.  mississippiensis,  which  has  a  perforate  umbilicus  and  is  more  rotund. 
The  sculpture  may  be  close  or  sparse;  it  varies  in  this  respect  in  nearly  all 
the  species." 

The  specimen  from  Anguilla  is  more  depressed  and  much  less  rotund 
than  is  customary  for  S.  chipolanum,  but  comes  well  within  the  range 
of  variability  of  that  species  in  those  respects.  It  is  very  much  less 
rotund  than  the  form  from  the  Tampa  "silex"  bed,  which  may  be 
specifically  distinct  from  S.  chipolanum. 

The  dimensions  of  the  figured  specimen  are  as  follows:  max.  Ion., 
16.9  mm.;  axial  elevation,  10  mm.;  diam.,  11  mm. 

Localities. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  station  6894,  Vaughan ;  also  Chipola . 

Geological  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  112967. 

Figured  specimen— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167033. 


TERTIARY    MOLLUSCA.  125 

Turbo  antiguensis,  new  species. 
(Plate  5,  Figures  4  o-c.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Spire  moderately  elevated,  imperf orate;  whorls  convex,  with  greatest 
diameter  below  the  middle  of  the  whorl;  suture  impressed;  surface  covered 
with  revolving  rows  of  nodules,  about  20  on  the  body-whorl;  on  the  body- 
whorl  the  nodules  of  the  3  or  4  rows  nearest  to  the  suture  are  elongated 
obliquely  and  fused  with  those  of  the  adjacent  rows,  producing  falsely  pro- 
tractive  ribbing;  remaining  nodular  rows  alternating  in  size;  secondary  sculp- 
ture of  fine  revolving  threads  within  the  internodular  and  interfilar  spaces  on 
the  base,  but  not  crossing  the  nodes. 

Alt.,  23  mm.;  diam.,  24  mm. 

This  species  resembles  in  shape  and  size  Turbo  crenorugatus  Heilprin 
from  the  Tampa  "silex"  bed,  but  is  differently  sculptured;  it  is  probably 
related  to  the  unfigured  T.  dominicensis  Gabb  from  Santo  Domingo. 

Locality. — Rifle  Butts,  Antigua,  station  6854,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167034. 

Turbo  species. 
The  following  is  a  partial  description  of  this  species : 

One  mold  of  a  Turbo  with  a  high  spire.  The  sculpture  of  the  whorls  above 
the  carina  is  indistinct,  but  several  revolving  threads  are  visible.  The  base 
of  the  shell  is  ornamented  with  4  or  5  strong  revolving  threads  between  which 
are  several  smaller  beaded  threads.  The  basal  fascicle 'is  rather  large  and 
prominent. 

Alt.,  about  23  mm.;  diam.,  about  20  mm. 

This  species  is  quite  distinct  from  T.  antiguensis  and  T.  crenorugatus 
and  appears  to  be  undescribed. 

Locality. — Consolacion  del  Sur,  Cuba,  station  3474,  the  Alcalde, 
collector. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Margarita  naticoides,  new  species. 

(Plate  5,  Figures  5  a,  6.) 
The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  naticoid,  polished,  pearly  within,  smooth  except  for  fine  growth-lines; 
whorls  3J,  strongly  convex  anteriorly,  but  flattened  or  slightly  concave  in 
front  of  the  suture;  suture  distinct;  spire  low;  base  convex;  aperture  circular; 
outer  lip  attenuated,  inner  lip  incrassated;  umbilicus  rudimentary. 

Alt.,  10.5  mm.;  width,  11.4  mm.;  length  of  aperture,  8  mm. 

Locality. — Angela  Elmira  asphalt  mine,  near  Bejucal,  Cuba,  stations 
3652,  5312,  Wiebusch,  collector. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene? 
Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167028. 


126      GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   WEST   INDIES. 

Neretina?  grandis,  new  species. 
(Plate  5,  Figures  7,  8.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  large,  rapidly  expanding;  younger  whorls  shouldered,  older  whorls 
rounded;  spire  very  low,  largely  covered  by  body-whorl;  suture  not  impressed; 
inner  walls  resorbed. 

Alt.,  about  32  mm. ;  width,  35  mm. 

The  generic  position  of  this  species  is  puzzling.  The  resorption  of  the 
inner  walls  of  the  shell,  as  shown  in  casts  of  the  interior,  ally  it  with  the 
Neritidse  rather  than  with  the  Naticidse,  to  which  it  bears  a  superficial 
resemblance.  The  young  shell  shows  a  rather  close  resemblance  in 
shape  and  size  to  some  of  the  species  of  Neritina  living  on  the  west 
coast  of  America,  but  the  mature  shell  attained  a  length  of  nearly  8 
cm.,  much  larger  than  any  of  the  known  species  of  that  genus.  In  size 
and  general  appearance  the  species  is  not  unlike  the  genus  Velates  of 
the  Eocene  of  the  Paris  Basin,  but  appears  to  lack  the  superficial 
shelly  layers  which  conceal  the  suture  in  that  genus. 

The  columellar  lip  in  all  the  specimens  at  hand  is  concealed  by  the 
hard  matrix. 

Localities. — Anse  Lizard  and  St.  Jean  Bay,  St.  Bartholomew,  sta- 
tions 6926  (type)  and  6925,  Vaughan.  A  cast  of  a  species  resembling 
this  in  size  and  shape  was  obtained  recently  by  me  from  the  Ocala 
limestone  at  the  Holder  phosphate  mine,  5  miles  southwest  of  Inver- 
ness, Florida. 

Geologic  horizon. — Upper  Eocene. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167038. 

Planorbis  siliceus  Brown  and  Pilsbry. 

Planorbis  siliceus  Brown  and  Pilsbry,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  p.  212,  plate  9,  figs,  la, 
3a,  5o,  6a,  1914. 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  this  species : 

"  This  is  a  species  of  the  section  Trop'corbis.  The  shell  is  rather  thick,  with 
the  periphery  rounded,  more  convex  towards  the  right  side.  The  two  sides 
are  about  equal  in  width  of  the  concavity,  but  that  on  the  right  side  pene- 
trates more  deeply,  being  vortex  shaped.  The  last  whorl  is  rounded  on  this 
side.  On  the  left  side  the  last  whorl  is  subangular  and  the  cavity  is  less 
infundibuliform. 

"Diameter  3.5,  greatest  alt.  1.7  mm. 
5  "          "  2.1     " 

"This  species  belongs  to  a  widely  spread  group  of  the  modern  tropical 
American  fauna." 

Locality. — Dry  Hill  Point,  Antigua,  station  6867,  Vaughan. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 
Type. — Philadelphia  Academy. 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSCA.  127 

Scapharca  (Scapharca)  anguillana,  new  species. 
(Plate  5,  Figures  10  a,  6.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  of  moderate  size,  inequilateral,  with  elevated  prosoccelous  beaks 
situated  at  the  anterior  third;  right  valve  with  31  rounded  ribs  separated  by 
flat  interspaces  of  equal  width,  the  ribs  on  the  anterior  end  set  with  erect 
rounded,  disk-like  tubercles  with  longer  axis  parallel  to  the  lines  of  growth  and 
separated  by  narrower  spaces;  on  the  remaining  ribs  the  tubercles  are  replaced 
by  low  nodes  which  become  obsolete  near  the  posterior  end  of  the  shell;  left 
valve  unknown ;  cardinal  area  with  a  raised  margin,  high,  with  about  8  wavy 
grooves;  hinge-line  short,  with  about  58  teeth,  small  and  vertical  mesially, 
larger  and  oblique  distally. 

Alt.,  30  mm.;  Ion.,  32  mm.;  diam.  of  right  valve,  8  mm.;  length  of  hinge, 
22mm. 

This  species  is  very  closely  related  to  A.  chiriquiensis  Gabb  from 
Chiriqul,  Panama,  from  which  it  can  be  distinguished  by  the  smaller 
size  and  much  greater  number  of  tubercles  on  the  Anguillan  species. 

Locality. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  station  6964,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167044. 

Scapharca  willobiana,  new  species. 
(Plate  5,  Figures  11  a,  6.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  of  moderate  size,  elliptical,  with  low  beaks  situated  at  the  anterior 
third.  Valves  with  about  35  ribs  with  fine,  regular,  concentric  beading, 
except  on  the  posterior  slope,  where  the  ribs  are  almost  smooth;  near  the 
margin  the  ribs  are  flattened  and  some  of  them  show  an  incipient  channeling 
which  probably  becomes  more  pronounced  on  larger  shells.  Hinge  line  long, 
straight.  Both  ends  of  shell  rounded,  the  anterior  with  shorter  radius  than  the 
posterior.  Spaces  between  the  ribs  nearly  equal  in  width  to  the  ribs  and 
crossed  by  evenly  spaced,  raised  lines  continuous  with  the  beads  on  the  ribs. 
Cardinal  area  long  and  narrow. 

Long.,  23  mm.;  alt.,  15  mm.;  diam.,  9  mm. 

The  type  is  a  young  specimen  which  has  been  crushed  in  the  umbonal 
region  but  is  otherwise  well  preserved. 

This  species  may  be  distinguished  from  Scapharca  hypomela  Dall  by 
its  much  more  elliptical  outline,  rounded  margins,  and  fewer  ribs. 

Locality. — North  side  of  Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua,  station  6881, 
Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167040. 

Pinna  vaughani,  new  species. 
(Plate  9,  Figures  4  a,  6.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  rapidly  expanding,  valves  mesially  carinate;  sculpture  of  longitudinal 
riblets  about  7  on  dorsal  area  and  about  5  below  the  carina,  lower  half  of 
ventral  area  smooth,  except  for  growth  lines. 

Length  of  fragment,  58  mm.;  height,  37  mm.;  depth,  28  mm. 


128      GEOLOGY   AND    PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE    WEST   INDIES. 

A  single  fragment  was  collected  by  Dr.  Vaughan,  in  whose  honor  the 
species  is  named.  It  is  broken  at  both  ends  and  has  been  rendered 
somewhat  unsymmetrical  by  pressure,  which  has  also  increased  the 
acuteness  of  the  carinal  angles. 

This  species  is  not  unlike  P.  carnea  Gmelin,  but  that  species  has 
rudimentary  riblets  on  the  lower  part  of  the  ventral  area. 

Locality. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  station  6894,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type.—V.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167047. 

Ostrea  antiguensis  Brown. 
(Plate  6,  Figures  1  a,  6,  2  a,  b.) 

Ostrea  antiguensis  Brown,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  p.  614,  plate  19,  fig.  7;  plate  20, 
figs.  1,  5,  6;  1913. 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  this  species: 

"Shell  ovate  or  nearly  orbicular,  thick  and  dense,  externally  radially  plicate 
or  sometimes  nearly  smooth,  the  plications  on  the  lower,  deep  valve  begin 
at  the  beak  and  are  usually  seven  in  number,  of  which  a  group  of  five  ridges 
is  separated  from  the  other  two  by  a  broad  depression;  the  ridges  sharp  and 
spinose  or  obtuse  and  even,  the  furrows  or  depressions  smooth  and  rounded. 
Hinge  moderate,  the  shell  rapidly  widening  beyond  the  end  of  the  hinge  line, 
the  plications  usually  dying  away  as  the  margin  of  the  adult  shell  is  reached, 
and  this  margin  in  the  lower  valve  being  turned  up  abruptly  for  one-half  inch 
or  more,  making  a  cup-shaped  valve.  The  muscle  impression  is  distinct,  more 
strongly  impressed  in  the  case  of  the  deep  valve;  situated  on  the  left  and 
nearer  to  the  beak  than  to  the  opposite  margin.  The  lower  valve  is  more  or 
less  excavated  internally,  the  upper  valve  is  flat.  When  strongly  plicate  and 
even  spinose,  this  species  closely  resembles  0.  gatunensis  B.  and  P.,  except 
that  this  latter  species  has  not  the  heavy  shell  of  0.  antiguensis  nor  has  it  the 
turned-up  margin.  0.  haitensis  Sowb.  has  the  rugose  exterior  of  this  species 
in  its  strongly  plicate  form,  but  while  the  shell  is  heavy,  it  lacks  the  upturned 
edge  of  0.  antiguensis.  Length  85  mm.,  alt.  80  mm.,  depth  of  lower  valve 
30  mm. 

"In  size  and  plication  0.  antiguensis  varies  largely,  but  of  the  specimens 
collected  the  longest  shells  do  not  run  far  from  90  mm.  in  altitude.  As  regards 
plication,  some  are  nearly  smooth  and  some  are  strongly  rugose,  even  in  some 
cases  spinose,  but  all  may  be  distinguished  by  the  broad  furrow  which  runs 
across  the  exterior  of  the  lower  valve  about  opposite  to  the  muscle  impression 
and  which  divides  the  rugae  into  a  group  of  five  and  one  of  two.  The  species 
differs  also  from  all  other  closely  related  American  species  by  the  upturned 
margin  of  this  lower  valve  and  the  correspondingly  reflexed  margin  of  the 
upper  or  flat  valve." 

This  is  a  heavy,  massive  species,  resembling,  in  that  respect,  0. 
podagrina  Dall.  The  broad  depression  on  the  lower  valve,  although 
usually  present,  is  not  a  constant  feature,  but  is  occasionally  absent, 
even  on  plicate  individuals.  A  rather  persistent  character  is  a  long, 
crescent-shaped  excavation  on  the  interior  of  the  lower  valve,  extending 
practically  the  entire  length  of  the  shell.  The  upturning  and  reflexing 
of  the  margins,  mentioned  by  Professor  Brown,  is  not  a  noticeable 
feature  of  the  specimens  in  the  Vaughan  collection. 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSCA.  129 

Localities.— Rifle  Butts,  Wetherell  Point,  Hodge's  Bluff,  Long 
Island,  Blizzard  Mill,  and,  doubtfully,  0.5  mile  north  of  McKinnon's 
Mill,  and  Friar's  Hill,  Antigua,  stations  6854,  6858,  6862,  6869,  6874, 
6888,  6856,  6875,  Vaughan. 

Types. — Philadelphia  Academy  of  Sciences,  Nos.  1653  and  1655. 

Figured  specimens. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167055. 

Ostrea  species,  cf.  O.  trigonalis  Conrad. 
(Plate  9,  Figure  1.) 

tOstrea  trigonalis  Conrad,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vol.  7,  p.  259;  figured  in  Wailes's  Geol. 

Agric.  of  Miss.,  plate  14,  fig.  10,  1855. 

Wstrea  podagrina  Ball,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  vol.  18,  p.  22,  1895. 
Wstrea  podagrina  Dall,  Trans.  Wagner  Inst.,  vol.  3,  pt.  4,  p.  682,  plate  30,  figs.  5,  6,  1898. 

This  large,  massive  species  resembles  Ostrea  trigonalis  in  the  charac- 
ter of  its  hinge,  which  is  broad,  straight,  and  separated  into  thirds  by 
a  deep  triangular  pit  in  each  valve.  In  front  of  the  hinge  the  shell 
continues  at  about  the  width  of  the  hinge-line  for  about  1  cm.,  beyond 
which  it  is  rapidly  expanding.  The  lower  valve  is  very  highly  inflated 
and  broadly  plicate,  much  as  in  0.  podagrina  and  in  the  plicate  forms  of 
0.  trigonalis  and  0.  vicksburgensis,  all  three  of  which  appear  to  be 
closely  related  and  may  be  merely  varieties  of  one  species. 

Localities. — Northwest  side  of  St.  Jean  Bay,  St.  Bartholomew,  sta- 
tions 6924  and  6925.  Fragments,  probably  of  the  same  species,  were 
obtained  at  station  6895  and  at  Governor's  Bay,  station  6919,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Upper  Eocene. 

Figured  specimen. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167056. 

Ostrea  haitensis  Sowerby. 
(Plate  7,  Figures  1,  2;  Plate  8,  Figure  1.) 

Ostrea  haitensis,  Sowerby,  Quart.  Jour.  Geol.  Soc.  London,  vol.  6,  p.  53,  1850. 

O.  heermanni  Conrad,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vol.  5,  p.  267,  1853. 

O.  heermanni  Conrad,  Pac.  R.  R.  Rept.,  vol.  5,  p.  326,  1855. 

O.  vespertina  Conrad,  Pac.  R.  R.  Rept.,  vol.  5,  p.  325,  plate  5,  figs.  36-38,  1855. 

O.  mrginica  var.  californicum  Marcou,  Geol.  N.  Amer.,  1858. 

O.  virginica  Guppy,  Quart.  Jour.  Geol.  Soc.  London,  vol.  22,  p.  577;  not  of  Gmelin;  1866. 

O.  vespertina  Gabb,  Pal.  Cal.,  vol.  2,  p.  107,  1869. 

O.  veatchii  Gabb,  Pal.  Cal.,  vol.  2,  p.  34,  plate  11,  fig.  59;  plate  17,  fig.  21,  1869. 

O.  haytensis  Gabb,  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc,  n.  s.,  vol.  15,  p.  257,  1873. 

O,  haitensis  Dall,  Trans.  Wag.  Inst.,  vol.  3,  pt.  4,  p.  685,  1898. 

O.  haitensis  Joukowski  and  Clerc,  Mem.  Soc.  Phys.  et  d'Hist.  Nat.  de  Geneve,  vol.  35,  p.  170, 

plate  6,  figs.  20-23,  32-35,  1906. 
O.  haitensis  Maury,  Bull.  Amer.  Pal.,  vol.  5,  p.  346,  plate  57,  figs.  1,  2,  1917. 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  this  species: 

"Testa  oblonga,  crassa,  plicata,  plicis  paucis  (senis  ad  septenis),  magnis, 
undulatis,  subsquamosis,  squamis  nonnumquam  subtubulosis;  limbo  interne 
omnino  glabro." 

Two  forms  of  this  species  are  known  from  Cuba.  The  first  is  a  large, 
heavy  shell  with  close,  acute,  angular  plicae.  The  number  of  plicae  is 
variable;  some  specimens  have  12  or  more.  The  other  form,  which  is 
probably  the  young  of  the  same  species,  is  much  smaller,  usually  not 


130      GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   WEST   INDIES. 

plicate,  with  a  long,  narrow,  usually  curved  hinge.  The  valve  margins 
from  the  tip  of  the  hinge  to  about  the  middle  of  the  shell  are  dentate  in 
the  upper  valve  and  correspondingly  punctate  in  the  attached  valve. 

Localities. — East  of  La  Cruz  and  northeast  of  Santiago,  Cuba,  sta- 
tions 3441, 3443,  and  5255.  A  large  specimen,  probably  of  this  species, 
comes  from  the  gorge  of  Yumurl  River,  Cuba,  station  3454,  Vaughan. 
Guajay,  Cuba,  Barnum  Brown. 

Type. — British  Museum? 

Figured  specimens.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Nos.  167059,  167061,  167062. 

Unio  bitumen,  new  species. 
(Plate  9,  Figures  3  a-c.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  elongate,  moderately  inflated,  inequilateral;  beaks  high,  apparently 
smooth;  posterior  ridge  high  near  the  umbones,  becoming  broad  and  low 
distally.  A  broad  depression  extends  from  the  umbones  to  the  middle  of  the 
ventral  margin,  producing  a  concavity  in  the  ventral  margin.  Anterior  mar- 
gin acutely  rounded;  posterior  margin  broadly  rounded;  dorsal  margin 
arcuate.  Hinge  unknown.  Ligament  external,  preserved  in  the  type. 

Length,  68  mm.;  diameter,  29.5  mm. 

The  name  Unio  is  here  used  in  the  broad  sense,  the  material  at  hand 
being  insufficient  to  determine  the  precise  generic  position  of  this 
species. 

Locality. — Angela  Elmira  asphalt  mine,  near  Bejucal,  Cuba,  station 
3652,  Wiebusch,  collector. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene? 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167063. 

Pecten  (Pecten)  ventonensis,  new  species. 
(Plate  12,  Figures  1  a,  6.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  large,  equilateral,  inequivalve;  right  valve  convex,  with  23  to  25 
rather  high  ribs,  flattened  on  top,  usually  medially  furrowed  and  closely 
transversely  grooved  or  granulate,  and  separated  by  equal  concave  inter- 
spaces; left  valve  concave,  with  23  or  24  narrow,  even,  rounded  ribs,  becoming 
obsolete  towards  the  lateral  margins,  separated  by  wider,  nearly  flat  inter- 
spaces; right  submargins  small,  plane  to  convex,  nearly  smooth;  left  sub- 
margins  strongly  convex,  narrow,  nearly  smooth;  ears  subequal,  nearly- 
straight,  with  a  few  narrow,  obsolescent  riblets,  strongest  on  the  right  anterior 
ear;  byssal  notch  shallow;  both  valves  grooved  internally  in  accordance  with 
the  external  ribbing;  secondary  sculpture  of  fine,  close,  raised,  concentric 
lamellae,  extending  over  disk  and  ears  alike,  but  very  faint  on  the  submargins 
and  usually  eroded  from  the  ribs  of  the  convex  valve. 

Alt.,  39  mm.;  lat.,  42  mm.;  diam.,  11  mm. 

This  species  is  closely  related  to  Pecten  medius  Lam.,  living  off  the 
southern  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  of  the  United  States,  from  which  it 
differs  as  follows:  On  the  right  valve  the  ribs  of  the  fossil  extend  nearer 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSCA.  131 

to  the  beak,  are  higher,  narrower,  and  more  rugose  than  in  P.  medius; 
the  number  of  ribs  is  within  the  range  of  variation  of  P.  medius,  but  is 
less  by  one  or  two  than  the  average  for  specimens  of  the  same  size. 
On  the  left  valve  the  ribs  are  a  little  closer  together  and  the  lateral 
margins  are  less  flaring  than  in  P.  medius.  The  right  ears  are  about  as 
in  P.  medius,  but  the  left  ears  lack  the  two  strong  ribs  which  are  nearly 
always  present  near  the  hinge  line  on  each  left  ear  of  the  living  species. 

Localities. — One-half  mile  inland  from  the  pier  of  the  Juragud  Rail- 
road, Santiago  Bay,  Willcox;  Juragua  Railroad,  La  Cruz,  first  cutting 
on  road,  Vaughan;  Vento,  province  of  Havana,  Wren;  stations  3192, 
3439,  4290,  5255.  jk- 

Geologic  horizon. — Sftgocene. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167102. 

Pecten  perlatus,  new  species. 
(Plate  13,  Figure  3.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  small,  suborbicular,  tumid;  ribs  16,  simple  except  near  the  margin, 
where  each  contains  3  riblets;  interspaces  as  wide  as  the  ribs;  concentric  sculp- 
ture of  raised,  widely  spaced  growth  lines,  apparently  confined  to  the  inter- 
spaces; submargins  with  close  radial  riblets  which  form  an  uninterrupted 
series  with  those  on  the  ears;  ears  large,  equal,  finely  radially  ribbed,  scarcely 
differentiated  from  the  submargins. 

Alt.,  11  mm.;  lat.,  12  mm. 

Locality. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  station  6966,  Vaughan. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 
Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167068. 

Pecten  (Chlamys)  waylandi,  new  species. 
(Plate  7,  Figures  4  a,  6.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  medium-sized,  nearly  equilateral,  equivalve,  with  about  30  low  ribs 
with  equal  interspaces  becoming  obsolete  towards  the  depressed  submargins; 
posterior  ears  small,  oblique,  with  4  or  5  faint  radial  riblets;  anterior  ears 
much  larger,  with  about  12  faint  riblets  on  left  ear  and  5  or  6  somewhat 
coarser  riblets  on  right  ear;  byssal  notch  about  one-half  the  length  of  the  ear; 
inner  margin  fluted  in  accordance  with  the  external  ribbing  in  channels  which 
probably  extend  well  towards  the  center  of  the  disk. 

Alt.,  32.3  mm.;  lat.,  29  mm.;  diam.,  12.5  mm. 

Although  the  single  specimen  upon  which  this  species  is  founded  has 
lost  so  much  of  the  external  part  of  the  shell  that  it  is  impossible  to 
make  out  the  details  of  sculpture,  the  ears,  as  well  as  the  outline  and 
major  sculpture  of  the  shell,  are  so  well  preserved  that  it  seems  worth 
while  to  describe  it.  The  species  is  not  apt  to  be  confused  with  any 
other  of  this  region.  It  is  named  in  honor  of  Dr.  T.  Wayland  Vaughan. 

Locality. — Santiago.Cuba,  station  3440,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — J(SS^bcene. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167121. 


132      GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   WEST   INDIES. 

Pecten  (Chlamys)  anguillensis  Guppy. 
(Plate  10,  Figures  1  a,  b,  2.) 

•      Pecten  anffuittensis  Guppy,  Proc.  Sci.  Asso.  Trinidad,  p.  175,  1867. 

Pecten  anguittensis  Guppy,  Geol.  Mag.,  Dec.  2,  vol.  1,  p.  446,  plate  18,  fig.  24,  1874. 
Pecten  (Chlamys)  anguillensis  Dall,  Trans.  Wagner  Inst.,  vol.  3,  pt.  4,  p.  715,  1898. 
Pecten  (Chlamys)  anguillensis  Brown,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  p.  602,  1913. 

The  following  is  Guppy's  original  description  of  this  species,  Decem- 
ber 1867: 

"Shell  fan-shaped,  ornamented  with  radiate  muricate  striae,  and  about  10 
or  11  prominent  rounded  ribs,  which  are  crossed  by  concentric  striae,  the  con- 
cave interstices  broader  than  the  ribs.  Upper  valve  nearly  flat,  lower  one 
gently  concave. 

"Miocene,  Anguilla.  Allied  to  P.  peedeensis  Tuomey  and  Holmes,  North 
America." 

The  following  diagnosis  was  made  from  one  of  Guppy's  specimens 
which  agrees  perfectly  in  size  and  shape  with  the  published  figure  of 
P.  anguillensis  and  is  probably  the  type  specimen.  If  such  is  the  case 
the  figure  is  very  bad.  The  Guppy  collection  contains  two  other 
specimens,  one  an  internal  cast  which  shows  that  the  shell  is  grooved 
internally  in  accordance  with  the  external  ribbing.  A  fourth  specimen 
in  the  same  lot  belongs  to  a  different  species  (Pecten  perplexus). 

Shell  oblique;  right  valve  the  more  convex,  with  12  or  13  ribs,  left  valve 
flatter  with  11  ribs;  ribs  high,  round,  with  equal  or  slightly  wider  interspaces; 
ribs  and  interspaces  covered  with  radiating  threads;  submargins  narrow, 
steep,  apparently  smooth;  ears  small,  unequal,  with  radiating  riblets,  anterior 
the  larger. 

Alt.,  32.8  mm.;  lat.,  30  mm.;  diam.,  11  mm. 

Pecten  anguillensis  appears  to  be  much  more  abundant  in  Antigua 
than  in  Anguilla.  The  Antiguan  specimens  have  as  many  as  15  ribs 
and  are  somewhat  variable  in  convexity  and  in  the  shape  and  elevation 
of  the  ribs.  The  ribs  are  broader  and  not  so  high  as  in  the  specimens 
from  Anguilla,  and  the  radiating  threads  are  wider  spaced  and  more 
elevated;  the  latter  character  may  be  due  to  the  better  state  of  preser- 
vation of  the  Antiguan  specimens. 

Localities. — Anguilla,  Guppy;  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla;  Hodge's  Bluff, 
Willoughby  Bay,  and  Friar's  Hill,  Antigua,  Vaughan,  stations  6893, 
6862,  6881,  6856.  Professor  Brown  records  the  species  also  from 
Wetherell's  Bay,  Antigua. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type. — Probably  the  specimen  figured  in  this  paper  (figs.  1  a,  b). 

Figured  specimens.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Nos.  115532  (type),  167097. 

Pecten  clevei,  new  species. 
(Plate  10,  Figures  3,  4.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Left  valve  gently  convex,  with  about  21  small  concave  ribs,  somewhat 
variable  in  size,  with  nearly  equal  interspaces;  concentric  sculpture  of  minute 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSCA.  133 

growth-lines  visible  on  submargins  and  interspaces  but  eroded  on  ribs  and 
ears;  2  or  3  posterior  ribs  have  distant  curved  imbricating  lamellae  convex 
towards  the  beak;  submargins  convex,  without  ribs,  not  sharply  differentiated 
from  the  ears;  ears  depressed  below  the  plane  of  the  disk;  left  anterior  ear 
large,  acutely  oblique,  with  4  strong,  smooth  ribs;  left  posterior  ear  small, 
obtusely  oblique,  with  2  or  3  faint  riblets. 

Right  valve  equilateral,  gently  convex,  with  about  20  regular  convex  ribs, 
with  nearly  equal  interspaces,  in  each  of  which  appears  a  single  thread;  ribs 
and  threads  of  anterior  end  with  distant,  curved  lamellae  like  those  on  the 
left  valve;  minute,  close  growth-lines  visible  in  interspaces  of  anterior  end, 
but  eroded  from  the  remainder  of  the  valve. 

Long,  of  right  valve,  30  mm. 

The  right  and  left  valves  have  been  described  separately  because  of 
the  possibility  that  they  may  prove  to  belong  to  different  species.  The 
left  valve  is  the  type. 

Locality. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  stations  6894  and  6965  (type), 
Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167094. 

Pecten  willobianus,  new  species. 
(Plate  11,  Figures  1,  2,  3.) ' 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  equivalve,  nearly  equilateral,  with  18  or  19  smooth,  rounded  ribs  with 
equal  interspaces;  interspaces  with  low  riblets  peripherally;  submargins 
smooth,  convex,  sharply  delimited  from  the  ears;  ears  large,  smooth,  except 
the  right  anterior  ear,  which  is  radially  ribbed;  internal  ventral  margins  with 
short  flutings  in  harmony  with  the  radial  sculpture. 

Alt.,  30  mm.;  lat.,  29  mm.;  diam.,  10  mm. 

Locality. — Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua,  station  6881,  Vaughan. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 
Types.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167119. 

Pecten  vaughani,  new  species. 
(Plate  8,  Figures  2,  3,  4.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  small,  compressed,  equivalve,  equilateral,  with  14  or  15  smooth, 
rounded  ribs  on  right  valve,  15  to  17  on  left,  separated  by  nearly  equal, 
rounded  interspaces;  microscopic  sculpture  of  fine,  close,  concentric  lines; 
submargins  smooth,  steep;  ears  of  left  valve  nearly  equal,  smooth,  ears  of 
right  valve  unequal,  anterior  ear  with  about  5  radiating,  scabrous  riblets; 
byssal  notch  one-half  the  length  of  the  ear;  posterior  ear  smooth. 

Alt.,  16  mm.;  lat.,  16  mm.;  diam.,  about  5  mm. 

Locality.— Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  stations  6894  (type),  6893,  6965, 
6967,  Vaughan. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 
Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167084. 


134      GEOLOGY   AND    PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   WEST   INDIES. 

Pecten  vaughani  var.  flabellum,  new  variety. 
(Plate  8,  Figures  6  o,  6,  7.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  variety: 

Shell  small,  equivalve,  depressed,  polished,  with  15  round,  radiating  ribs, 
rarely  extending  to  the  beaks,  separated  by  equal  concave  interspaces;  sub- 
margins  narrow,  smooth,  convex,  usually  separated  from  the  body  of  the  shell 
by  an  angulation;  concentric  sculpture  of  close,  fine  growth-lines,  usually 
obliterated;  ears  large,  subequal;  posterior  ears  smooth  except  for  fine  growth- 
lines;  left  anterior  ear  with  obscure  radiating  riblets,  right  anterior  ear  with 
about  6  strong  scabrous  riblets;  byssal  notch  about  one-half  the  length  of  the 
ear;  interior  of  the  disk  grooved  in  accordance  with  the  ribbing. 

Alt.,  22  mm.;  lat.,  22  mm.;  diameter  of  joined  valves,  about  7  mm. 

Pecten  vaughani  closely  resembles  this  variety,  but  is  usually  a  little 
smaller,  the  ribs  are  narrower  and  generally  extend  to  the  beak,  and 
the  submargins  are  flatter  and  more  acutely  angulated  than  those  of 
the  Cuban  form.  In  general  appearance  typical  Pecten  vaughani  is 
neater  and  more  clean-cut  than  the  variety  flabellum. 

Localities. — La  Cruz  and  Santiago,  Cuba,  stations  3192,  3439,  3441, 
3446,  and  5255  (type^ljYaughan,  Black. 

Geologic  horizon. — OSfbcene. 

Type—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167089. 

Pecten  gardnerae,  new  species. 
(Plate  7,  Figures  5,  6.) 


The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

"RicrV»f  iraliro  inflated    with  1  £  rnimrl  rihs  a.  lit.t.lA  wi 


Right  valve  inflated,  with  15  round  ribs  a  little  wider  than  the  interspaces; 
submargins  slightly  convex,  steep;  anterior  ear  with  about  6  radiating  riblets, 
byssal  notch  one-half  the  length  of  the  ear;  posterior  ear  large,  nearly  rect- 
angular; sculpture  of  close,  minute  growth-lines  over  entire  shell. 

Alt.  of  right  valve,  21  mm.;  lat.,  21.5  mm. 

Left  valve  flatter,  with  about  16  even,  rounded  ribs  a  little  narrower  than 
the  interspaces;  submargins  convex,  steep;  anterior  ear  acutely  oblique,  with 
two  or  three  very  faint,  broad,  radiating  riblets;  posterior  ear  rectangular; 
concentric  sculpture  of  minute,  elevated,  very  close-set  lines  extending  over 
entire  shell,  but  on  the  disk  grouped  into  bands  or  growth  stages  about  0.3 
mm.  wide. 

Alt.  of  left  valve,  22.6  mm.;  lat.,  22.3  mm. 

The  right  valve  is  much  more  convex  and  appears  less  spreading 
than  the  left,  and  the  concentric  sculpture  is  much  less  distinct.  This 
last  feature  is  probably  due  to  the  better  state  of  preservation  of  the 
left  valve.  I  have  described  the  valves  separately  on  account  of  the 
possibility  that  they  may  belong  to  different  species. 

Pecten  gardnerce  has  closer,  higher,  and  more  strongly  convex  ribs 
than  P.  vaughani  and  the  ribs,  in  the  specimens  at  hand,  extend  to  the 
beaks.  The  secondary  sculpture  is  very  different. 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSCA.  135 

This  species  closely  resembles  the  figure  of  P.  cercadica  Maury  from 
Cercado  de  Mao,  Santo  Domingo,  but  seems  to  be  a  little  less  spreading 
and  to  have  differently  shaped  ears.  In  the  description  of  P.  cercadica, 
a  left  valve,  no  mention  is  made  of  any  grouping  of  the  growth-lines  on 
the  disk. 

This  species  is  named  in  honor  of  Miss  Julia  Gardner,  whose  mono- 
graphs (unfortunately  delayed  in  publication)  on  the  Miocene  Mol- 
lusca  of  Virginia  and  North  Carolina  and  of  the  Alum  Bluff  formation 
constitute  an  important  contribution  to  American  paleontology. 

Locality. — SantiagOvCuba,  station  3440,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Uifi^ocene. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167113  (right  valve). 

Figured  specimen. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167114  (left  valve). 

Pecten  crocus,  new  species. 

(Plate  9,  Figures  2  a,  6;  Plate  11,  Figure  9.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  equivalye,  inequilateral,  moderately  convex;  about  22  round  ribs, 
separated  by  slightly  narrower  interspaces;  surface  of  the  ribs  with  curved 
imbricating  spines,  convex  towards  the  umbones,  and  with  very  faint  radiating 
striae;  interspaces  with  sculpture  of  fine,  close-set,  concentric  striae;  near 
the  ventral  margin  a  small  thread  ^  appears  in  each  interspace ;  submargins 
depressed,  ornamented  with  small  radial  threads  and  fine  concentric  striae; 
ears  moderately  large,  subequal,  with  radial,  nodose  riblets. 

Alt.,  39  mm.;  lat.,  36  mm.;  diam.,  14  mm. 

Locality. — Roadside,  descent  to  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  station  6893, 
also  6894  and  6965,  Vaughan. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 
Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167079. 

Pecten  (Lyropecten)  pittieri  Dall. 

(Plate  13,  Figure  5.) 
Pecten  (Lyropecten)  pittieri  Dall,  Smithsonian  Misc.  Coll.,  vol.  59,  No.  2,  p.  10,  1912. 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  this  species: 

"Shell  large,  nearly  equivalve,  suborbicular,  coarsely  sculptured;  left  valve 
moderately  convex,  with  ten  strong  rounded  ribs,  obsolete  distally,  with  shal- 
low rounded  interspaces  at  first  narrower,  afterwards  wider  than  the  ribs; 
submargins  wide,  subequal,  radially  sculptured  with  coarse,  somewhat  irregu- 
lar threads,  about  ten  in  number,  which  when  perfect  have  a  fine,  concentric, 
imbricate  sculpture;  similar  radial  sculpture  covers  both  valves,  the  threads 
coarser  and  more  regular  on  the  right  valve;  of  the  major  ribs  on  the  left  valve, 
five  alternating  ones  bear  on  their  proximal  halves  six  to  ten  prominent,  thin 
evenly  spaced,  vaulted  scales,  resembling  those  of  P.  imbricatus  Gmelin; 
similar  scales  are  wanting  in  the  right  valve ;  ears  subequal,  with  about  half  a 
dozen  radial  threads  and  dense,  concentric  sculpture;  margin  of  the  valve 
wavy,  not  sulcate;  interior  with  ten  deeply  channelled,  wide  sulci  correspond- 
ing to  the  external  ribs,  the  angles  of  the  interspaces  emphasized  near  the 
valve  margin;  hinge  with  a  deep  sub  triangular  pit  for  the  resilium,  a  strong 


136      GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   WEST   INDIES. 

anterior  ridge  and  two  marked  posterior  grooves  with  a  ridge  between  them. 
Adductor  scar  large,  with  a  rather  ragged  margin.  Right  valve  with  eleven 
stronger  ribs,  each  carrying  five  or  six  riblets,  with  two  or  three  similar  riblets 
in  the  interspaces;  the  proximal  halves  of  the  ribs  are  slightly  undulated  but 
not  scaly;  ears  subequal,  rudely  imbricate  on  the  dorsal  margin  and  on  the 
four  or  five  radial  threads  of  the  anterior  ear;  ctenolium  with  about  16  spines, 
byssal  notch  narrow,  angular;  hinge-line  grooved  reciprocally  to  that  of  the 
left  valve.  Height  132;  length  of  shell  152;  of  hinge-line  82;  max.  diameter 
omitting  spines  46  mm. 

"This  fine  and  remarkable  species  is  somewhat  intermediate  between 
Lyropecten  and  Nodipecten,  and  when  young  must  have  the  aspect  of  a  Chlamys 
much  like  C.  imbricatus." 

The  figured  specimen,  a  right  valve  from  the  gorge  of  Yumurf 
River,  Cuba,  is  smaller  than  the  type  and  has  higher  ribs.  It  measures 
68  mm.  in  altitude  and  72  mm.  in  latitude.  A  fragment  of  a  left  valve 
measuring  190  mm.  in  altitude  has  been  obtained  near  the  mouth  of 
Macambo  River,  Cuba. 

Localities. — Moin  Hill,  near  Port  Limon,  Costa  Rica,  niveau  a 
Pittier  (type);  gorge  of  Yumuri  River  below  Iglesia  Mont  Serrate, 
Matanzas,  Cuba,  station  3468,  Vaughan  (figured  specimen) ;  Santiago, 
Cuba,  station  5255,  Black;  near  mouth  of  Macambo  River,  Cuba, 
station  7533,  Meinzer 

Geologic  horizon. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  214368. 

Figured  specimen.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167123. 

Pecten  (Nodipecten)  articulosus,  new  species. 
(Plate  7,  Figures  7,  8.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  moderately  large,  nearly  equivalve,  slightly  oblique,  convex;  sculpture 
of  8  to  11  large  round  ribs  with  equal  concave  interspaces,  smooth  except  for 
close,  faint,  radial  striations  which  appear  distally  on  both  ribs  and  inter- 
spaces of  large  specimens;  ribs  on  right  valve  obscurely  nodular,  ribs  on  left 
valve  prominently  nodular,  the  undulations  affecting  the  whole  of  the  disk 
as  in  P.  condylomatus;  submargins  rather  wide,  compressed  in  the  umbonal 
region  but  expanding  distally,  smooth,  except  for  close  faint  radial  striae  on 
the  distal  portion;  ears  small,  subequal,  the  surface  faintly  radially  threaded. 

Alt.  of  right  valve  (type)  55  mm.,  lat.  61  mm.,  diam.  19  mm.;  alt.  of  left 
valve  55  mm.,  lat.  58  mm.  (edge  broken),  diam.  19  mm. 

This  species  resembles  Pecten  condylomatus  Dall  in  shape  and  size, 
but  is  more  nearly  equivalve,  has  larger  and  fewer  ribs,  and  lacks  the 
secondary  sculpture.  It  is  represented  in  the  collection  by  3  right 
valves  and  4  left  valves. 

Locality. — Disintegrated  limestone  in  a  quarry  near  asylum  near 
Guajay,  15  miles  southwest  of  fiavana,  Cuba,  Barnum  Brown,  col- 
lector. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type. — American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSCA.  137 

Pecten  (^Equipecten)  decorus,  new  species. 
(Plate  13,  Figures  8  a,  6.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  small,  equivalve,  moderately  convex,  slightly  oblique,  with  about  25 
ribs,  of  which  one  or  two  are  obsolescent;  hinge-line  three-fifths  the  entire 
length  of  the  shell;  submargins  narrow,  with  obsolete  ribs,  merging  with  the 
disk;  ears  large,  equal,  with  8  or  9  scaly  radiating  riblets,  posterior  ears 
rectangular,  byssal  notch  about  one-half  the  length  of  the  ear;  secondary 
sculpture  of  scaly  riblets,  3  on  each  rib  and  3  in  each  interspace,  scales  spaced 
3  or  4  per  millimeter,  concave  towards  the  umbones,  erect  or  inclined  toward 
the  margin. 

Alt.  30  mm.,  lat.  29  mm.,  diameter  of  united  valves  15  mm. 

The  type,  a  specimen  with  united  valves,  is  unique. 

Locality. — Disintegrated  limestone  in  quarry  near  the  asylum  near 
Guajay,  15  miles  southwest  of  Havana,  Cuba,  Barnum  Brown,  col- 
lector. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type. — American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Pecten  (JEquipecten)  oxygonum  Sowerby? 
(Plate  8,  Figure  5.) 

Pecten  oxygonum  Sowerby.,  Quart.  Journ.  Geol.  Soc.  London,  vol.  6,  p.  52,  1849. 
Pecten  exasperatus  Guppy,  Quart.  Journ.  Geol.  Soc.  London,  vol.  22,  p.  294,  1866. 
Pecten  angusticostatus  Gabb,  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.,  new  ser.,  vol.  15,  p.  256,  1873. 
Pecten  (Mquipecteri)  oxygonum  Ball,  Trans.  Wagner  Inst.,  vol.  3,  p.  713,  1898. 
Pecten  (dSquipecteri)  oxygonum  Brown,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  p.  601,  1913. 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  this  species: 

"Tfesta  suborbicularis,  subobliqua,  tumida,  costellis  radiantibus  19,  superne 
acutangulis,  interstitiisque  aequalibus  lineis  incrementi  concinne  decussatis; 
auribus  inaequalibus,  laevibus,  radiatim  costellatis,  costellis  tenuissimis." 

The  following  is  a  new  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  suborbicular,  slightly  convex,  with  19  or  more  low,  rounded,  radiating 
ribs,  separated  by  equal,  shallow  interspaces;  secondary  sculpture  of  numerous 
narrow,  radiating  threads.  Length,  35  mm. 

We  possess  of  this  species  only  two  fragments  which  it  would  be 
unsafe  to  identify  without  material  for  comparison;  there  can  be  little 
doubt,  however,  that  they  represent  the  species  reported  by  A.  P. 
Brown  from  the  same  locality  and  identified  by  him  from  specimens 
from  Santo  Domingo,  where  the  type  of  Pecten  oxygonum  was  collected. 

Locality. — Lower  bed  at  Hodge's  Bluff,  Antigua,  station  6862, 
Vaughan;  Santo  Domingo,  Bowden. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type. — British  Museum? 

Figured  specimen. — U.  S,  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167065. 


138      GEOLOGY   AND    PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE    WEST   INDIES. 

Pecten  species,  cf.  Pecten  oxygonum  Sowerby. 

(Plate  10,  Figure  7.) 
tPecten  oxygonum  optimum  Brown,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  p.  601,  1913. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  with  many  low,  nearly  obsolete  ribs,  each  of  which  consists  of  3  or 
more  radial  threads  with  concentric,  scabrous  growth-lines. 

This  is  probably  the  species  referred  by  Professor  Brown  to  P. 
oxygonum  optimum  Brown  and  Pilsbry.  The  single  specimen  in  the 
National  Museum  has  very  much  lower  ribs  than  are  shown  in  the 
figure  of  the  Panamanian  form. 

Locality. — Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua,  station  6881,  Vaughan. 

Geological  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Figured  specimen. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167066. 

Pecten  (^quipecten)  perplexus,  new  species. 
(Plate  8,  Figures  8,  9,  10.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  equivalve,  equilateral,  with  19  or  20  simple  ribs  with  narrower  inter- 
spaces; minute  sculpture  of  V-shaped  spines  arranged  in  longitudinal  rows 
on  ribs  and  interspaces,  those  in  the  interspaces  concave  above  and  ventrally 
inclined;  submargins  narrow,  smooth  or  with  a  few  radial  threads;  Camp- 
tonectes  striation  present;  ears  large,  subequal,  with  fine  radial  ribs,  coarser 
and  nodose  on  right  anterior  ear;  byssal  notch  one-half  the  length  of  the  ear; 
inner  margin  crenulated  in  accordance  with  the  external  ribbing. 

Alt.,  28.5  mm.;  lat.,  26.5  mm. 

The  spines  are  very  easily  eroded,  leaving  the  shell  either  perfectly 
smooth  or  with  a  single  row  of  minute  scales  on  the  sides  of  the  ribs. 

Localities.— Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  stations  6893,  6894,  6966,  6967, 
6971,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Types.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167076. 

Pecten  CflSquipecten)  thetidis  Sowerby. 
(Plate  11,  Figures  4,  5,  6.) 

Pecten  thetidis  Sowerby,  Quart.  Jour.  Geol.  Soc.  London,  vol.  6,  p.  52,  1850.     (Date  of  imprint, 

1849.) 
Pecten  thetidis  Gabb,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  2d  ser.,  vol.  8,  p.  346,  plate  45,  figs.  23, 

23  a,  6,  1881. 

Pecten  thetidis  Gabb,  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.,  new  ser.,  vol.  15,  p.  256,  1881. 
Pecten  (JEquipecteri)  thetidis  Brown,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  p.  602,  1913. 
Pecten  (JSquipecteri)  thetidis  Ball,  Trans.  Wagner  Inst.  Sci.,  vol.  3,  p.  714,  1898. 
Pecten  (Mquipecten)  thetidis  Maury,  Bull.  Amer.  Pal.,  vol.  5,  p.  349,  plate  60,  fig.  6,  1917. 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  this  species : 

"Testa  orbicularis,  tumida,  radiatim  costata,  costarum  marginibus  quad- 
ratis,  ad  utrumque  latus  squamuliferis,  squamulis  minutissimis,  interstitiis 
rugulosis;  auribus  inaequalibus,  radiatim  costatis,  costellis  squamulosis." 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSC  A.  139 

The  following  is  a  new  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  orbicular,  tumid,  with  19  radiating  ribs,  simple  to  about  10  mm.  from 
the  beak,  but  each  with  two  lateral  riblets  on  the  mature  part  of  the  shell; 
spaces  between  the  ribs  deep,  concave,  a  little  narrower  than  the  ribs,  set  with 
riblets  near  the  periphery;  surface  covered  with  concentric  imbrications  which 
are  produced  into  blunt  spines  on  top  of  the  ribs  and  riblets;  submargins  with 
numerous  radiating  riblets;  ears  rather  large,  with  radiating  threads  and  con- 
centric imbrications. 

Alt.,  21  mm.;  lat.,  23  mm.;  diam.,  about  5  mm. 

Localities. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  stations  6965  and  6967,  Vaughan ; 
Santiago,  Cuba,  station  5255,  Black;  Santo  Domingo,  Bowden. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene,  &t<,<te/rtd.. 
Type. — British  Museum,  from  Santo  Domingo. 
Figured  specimens.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Nos.  167069,  167070,  167071. 

Pecten  Cffiquipecten)  jacobianus,  new  species. 
(Plate  11,  Figures  7  a,  b,  8.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  equivalve,  slightly  oblique,  moderately  convex,  with  about  16  low, 
broad,  radiating  medial  ribs  and  several  additional  obsolete  distal  ribs;  addi- 
tional radial  sculpture  of  raised  threads,  usually  one  on  summit  and  one  or 
more  on  each  side  of  every  rib  and  one  or  two  in  the  interspaces,  increasing  in 
number  by  interpolation  towards  the  periphery;  concentric  sculpture  of  low, 
wavy  lamellse,  crossing  ribs,  threads,  and  interspaces;  Camptonectes  striation 
present;  posterior  ears  oblique,  with  faint  radiating  threads  crossed  by  fine 
lamellse;  anterior  ears  the  larger,  with  coarser  threads;  byssal  notch  about 
one-half  the  length  of  the  ear;  ctenolium  present;  inner  margin  grooved  in 
accordance  with  the  external  ribbing,  but  grooves  do  not  extend  over^  the 
medial  portion  of  the  disk. 

Alt.,  29  mm.;  lat.,  27.5  mm.;  diameter,  9  mm. 

Locates.— Santiago,  Cuba,  stations  3436,  3440  (type),  3443,  3447, 
Vaughan.  ^^ 

Geologic  horizon. — Oltgocene. 
Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167115. 

Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  crucianus,  new  species. 
(Plate  10,  Figures  8,  9  a,  fc.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  suborbicular,  slightly  oblique,  moderately  convex,  with  nearly  equal 
valves  and  20  to  22  convex  ribs  with  equal  interspaces,  each  containing  1 
riblet;  near  the  periphery  1  riblet  is  developed  on  the  summit  of  each  rib; 
submargins  faintly  ribbed;  entire  disk  covered  with  minute,  close,  concentric, 
raised  lamellae,  fused  on  the  summits  of  the  riblets  into  evenly  spaced,  raised, 
transversely  elongate  nodes;  anterior  ears  the  larger;  right  anterior  ear  with 
about  5  strong  riblets,  other  ears  with  many  fine  riblets;  posterior  ears  oblique; 
byssal  notch  deep;  internal  surface  channeled  in  harmony  with  the  external 
ribbing. 

Alt.,  35.4  mm.;  lat.,  35.4  mm.;  diam.  of  left  valve,  7.4  mm. 


140      GEOLOGY  AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF  THE   WEST   INDIES. 

Localities. — La  Cruz  and  Santiago,  Cuba,  stations  3439,  3440  (type), 
3441,  Vaughan. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 
Type.—V.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167108. 

Pecten  species,  cf.  Pecten  crucianus  Cooke. 

Fragments  differing  slightly  in  sculpture  from  P.  crucianus,  but 
apparently  closely  related  to  it,  were  found  at  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla. 
These  fragments  show  no  fusion  of  the  concentric  lamellae — a  charac- 
teristic of  P.  crucianus. 

Localities. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  stations  6893  and  6967. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  gabbi  Dall. 
f  (Plate  12,  Figure  8.) 

Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  gabbi  Dall,  Trans.  Wagner  Inst.,  vol.  3,  pt.  4,  p.  717,  plate  29,  fig.  3, 

1898. 
Pecten  (Plagioctenium)  gabbi  Brown,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Philadelphia,  p.  602,  1913. 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  this  species: 

"Shell  broad,  compressed,  oblique,  inequilateral,  with  nearly  equal  valves 
and  about  nineteen  concentrically  scabrous,  longitudinally  striated  ribs,  with 
narrow  interspaces,  each  filled  with  one  imbricated  riblet. 

"Alt.  48,  lat.  52,  diam.  13  mm." 

The  type  of  this  species  is  said  to  have  come  from  Antigua. 

A  specimen  from  Anguilla  resembles  the  type  in  shape,  size,  and 
number  of  ribs,  but  has  lost  the  outer  layers  of  shell  carrying  the  sec- 
ondary sculpture. 

Localities. — Antigua,  Spencer;  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla  (station  6894), 
Vaughan.  Professor  Brown  reports  this  species  from  Willoughby  Bay, 
Antigua. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  107753. 

Figured  specimen. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167101. 

Pecten  (Patinopecten)  duplex,  new  species. 
(Plate  11,  Figures  10  a,  &.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  equilateral,  large;  right  valve  gently  convex,  left  valve  nearly  flat; 
ribs  20,  each  with  a  shallow  groove  on  top;  ears  large,  subequal;  surface  sculp- 
ture of  close-set,  concentric,  raised  lines  nearly  straight  in  the  interspaces  but 
convex  towards  the  beaks  on  the  ribs. 

Alt.,  52  mm.;  diam.,  11  mm. 

This  species,  although  represented  by  a  single  broken  specimen, 
should  be  easily  recognized.  Its  closest  relative  seems  to  be  P.  healeyi 
Arnold  from  the  Pliocene  of  California,  which  is  a  much  larger  species 
and  lacks  the  grooves  on  the  ribs  of  the  flat  valve. 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSCA.  141 

Locality. — Long  Island,  Antigua,  station  6869,  Vaughan. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 
Type.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167107. 

Pecten  nodosissimus,  new  species. 
(Plate  7,  Figure  3.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Right  valve  nearly  flat,  equilateral,  with  15  ribs  equal  in  width  to  the  inter- 
spaces. Each  rib  has  3  lines  of  bead-like  nodes,  1  median  line  and  2  lateral 
lines.  Submargins  strongly  convex,  apparently  smooth  and  sharply  differ- 
entiated from  the  ears.  The  ears  are  broken,  but  appear  to  have  been  rather 
large;  the  left  posterior  ear  had  several  faint  radiating  threads. 

Altitude,  25  mm. 

The  sculpture  of  this  shell  is  so  peculiar  that  I  have  ventured  to 
describe  it  in  spite  of  its  fragmentary  condition. 
Locality. — Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua,  station  6881,  Vaughan. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 
Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167131. 

Pecten  perlineatus,  new  species. 
(Plate  10,  Figure  5.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Left  (?)  valve  flat,  equilateral,  with  16  round  ribs  with  wider  shallow,  con- 
cave interspaces;  radial  sculpture  of  fine,  close-set,  raised  lines  covering  both 
ribs  and  interspaces;  submargins  convex;  ears  much  depressed  below  the  plane 
of  the  disk. 

Alt.,  35  mm.;  lat.,  about  the  same. 

Locality. — Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua,  station  6881,  Vaughan. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 
Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167130. 

Pecten  nugenti  Brown  ? 

(Plate  10,  Figure  6.) 
Pecten  nugenti  Brown,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  p.  614,  plate  19,  figs.  2,  5,  6,  1913. 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  this  species: 

"Shell  inequlvalve,  oval  in  oirtline,  with  17  distinct  rounded  radial  ribs 
(and  probably  2  additional  less  distinct  ones)  separated  by  narrower  inter- 
spaces, the  whole  exterior  surface  covered  by  concentric  growth  lines  which 
are  raised  and  produce  a  nearly  microscopic  sculpture  extending  equally  over 
ribs  and  interspaces.  Internally  smooth,  except  near  the  margin,  where 
raised  ribs  are  seen,  occupying  the  intervals  between  the  raised  external  ribs. 
On  the  flatter  valve,  externally  the  raised  ribs  are  equal  in  width  with  the 
intervals  between  them,  and  the  concentric  sculpture,  while  extending  over 
ribs  and  interspaces,  is  stronger  in  the  intervals  between  the  ribs.  Ears 
moderate,  apparently  not  ribbed.  The  specimens  vary  considerably  in  size; 
the  one  figured,  a  small  specimen,  measures :  Length  41  nun,  by  height  36  mm. 
Others  were  much  larger,  attaining  a  length  of  55  mm.  or  more." 


142      GEOLOGY   AND    PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE    WEST    INDIES. 

One  poorly  preserved  specimen  is  doubtfully  referred  to  P.  nugenti. 

Locality. — Hodge's  Bay,  Antigua,  station  6862,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Cotypes—  Phila.  Acad.,  No.  1656. 

Figured  specimen.— U '.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167067. 

Pecten  species. 
(Plate  13,  Figure  4.) 

The  Vaughan  collection  contains  a  fragment  of  a  Pecten,  probably 
new,  which  is  very  convex  and  when  entire  had  probably  about  25 
round  ribs  with  equal  interspaces.  It  has  a  concentric  sculpture  of 
close  raised  lines.  The  margin  is  fluted  within  in  accordance  with  the 
external  ribbing  and  set  with  paired  raised  lines  corresponding  to  the 
interspaces.  These  raised  lines  end  abruptly  at  a  distance  of  about  2 
mm.  from  the  margin,  but  are  continued  on  the  inner  layers  of  the  shell. 

Locality. — Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua,  station  6881,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Figured  specimen—I].  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167132. 

Pecten  (Amusium)  lyonii  (Gabb.) 
(Plate  13,  Figures  1  a,  6,  2.) 

Pecten  mortoni  Guppy,  Geol.  Mag.,  Dec.  2,  vol.  1,  p.  443,  1874.     (Not  of  Ravenel.) 
Pleuronectia  lyonii  Gabb.,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  2d  ser.,  vol.  8,  p.  347,  plate  45,  figs. 

25  a,  b,  1881. 
Amusium  lyoni  Dall,  Trans.  Wagner  Inst.,  vol.  3,  pt.  4,  p.  719,  1898. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  orbicular,  thin,  compressed;  nepionic  shell  with  about  24  small 
rounded  ribs  which  disappear  on  the  adult  shell;  ears  large,  equal;  right  valve 
a  little  more  inflated  than  the  left,  evenly  convex,  smooth;  left  valve  nearly 
flat,  with  a  broad,  shallow,  radial  depression  from  beak  to  margin  at  the 
posterior  quarter  and  a  very  faint  corresponding  depression  at  the  anterior 
quarter;  left  valve  with  concentric  sculpture  of  fine,  impressed  lines,  between 
which  the  shell  is  sometimes  slightly  convex;  hinge-line  nearly  straight;  sub- 
margins  very  narrow;  interior  of  the  shell  with  low,  equidistant  ribs;  paired 
peripherally. 

Alt.,  54  mm.;  lat.,  56  mm.;  diam.,  13.5  mm. 

This  shell  is  very  like  Amusium  precursor  Dall,  from  the  Chipola 
Oligocene,  but  that  species  lacks  the  nepionic  ribbing,  which  appears 
to  be  a  constant  feature  of  the  Anguillan  form.  A.  mortoni  Ravanel  is 
quite  distinct,  being  proportionately  higher  and  having  a  smooth 
nepionic  shell. 

This  species  is  referred  to  A.  lyonii  on  the  authority  of  Dr.  W.  H. 
Dall,  who  has  identified  a  right  valve  in  the  Guppy  collection  with 
Gabb's  shell.  It  is  possible,  however,  that  comparison  of  the  left  valve, 
which  possesses  more  identifiable  characteristics  than  the  right,  will 
show  this  species  to  be  distinct  from  the  Costa  Rican  form.  A  left 
valve  from  70  km.  west  of  the  terminal  of  the  Tehuantepec  Railway, 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSC  A.  143 

identified  by  Dr.  Ball  as  A.  lyonii,  is  distinct  from  the  Anguillan  species, 
having  on  the  nepionic  shell  distinct  flattened  ribs  with  shallow,  chan- 
neled interspaces  crossed  by  concentric,  evenly  spaced,  not  crowded, 
elevated  lines.  If  this  is  the  true  A.  lyonii,  the  Anguillan  fossil  must 
receive  a  different  name. 

Localities.— Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  stations  6893,  6966,  6967, 
Vaughan;  Anguilla,  Guppy;  Sapote,  Costa  Rica,  Gabb. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Type. — Philadelphia  Academy. 

Figured  specimens.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167136. 

Pecten  (Amusium)  antiguensis  Brown. 
(Plate  13,  Figures  6,  7.) 

Pecten  (Amusium)  antiguensis  Brown,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  p.  613,  plate  18,  figs.  1,  2, 
3,  5,  1913. 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  this  species : 

" Inequivalve,  shell  orbicular,  rather  thin,  convex;  the  surface  covered  with 
a  fine  concentric  sculpture,  following  the  growth-lines;  with  about  13  radial 
ribs  running  from  the  beaks,  where  they  are  very  pronounced,  and,  in  one 
valve,  apparently  disappearing  towards  the  margin,  but  in  the  other  valve 
continued  as  undulations  of  the  shell  to  the  margin.  The  interior  of  the  shell 
has  radial  ribs  extending  to  the  margin,  where  the  adjacent  pairs  of  ribs  con- 
tract and  are  then  seen  to  be  paired,  but  otherwise  seeming  to  be  equally 
spread  as  in  P.  (Amusium)  lyonii  Gabb,  from  which  this  species  differs  in 
having  a  strong  concentric  sculpture  (wanting  in  P.  lyonii),  and  also  in  the 
external  radial  ribbing  being  continued  for  a  greater  distance  from  the  beak 
than  in  Gabb's  species.  The  species  is  also  related  to  P.  sol  B.  and  P.,  but  this 
latter  has  shorter  radial  external  ribs  and  the  internal  ribs  are  paired.  The 
ears  are  separated  from  the  rest  of  the  valve  by  a  depression,  as  in  the  case  of 
P.  sol.  Length  and  height  about  equal — 70-75  mm. 

"  Hodge's  Bay  and  Wetherill's  Bay  in  the  Antigua  limestone,  with  Orbitoides, 
etc.,  Oligocene." 

The  Vaughan  collection  contains  several  well-preserved  fragments  of 
this  species. 

Locality. — Station  6862,  lower  bed  at  Hodge's  Bluff,  Antigua, 
Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Types. — Philadelphia  Academy,  No.  1648. 

Figured  specimen. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167139. 

Pecten  (Hinnites)  aratus,  new  species. 
(Plate  12,  Figures  2  a,  b,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species  ^ 

Shell  large,  convex,  equilateral,  flabelliform  or  suborbicular,  inequivalve; 
ribs  38,  close-set,  rounded,  in  mature  specimens  flattened  distally,  crossed  by 
fine,  concentric,  imbricate  lamellae  with  spinose  projections  on  the  sides  of  the 
ribs;  interior  narrowly  channeled  in  harmony  with  the  external  ribbing;  mar- 


144      GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF  THE   WEST   INDIES. 

gin  fluted  within;  posterior  ears  oblique,  with  imbricating  growth-lines  and 
one  simple  radiating  rib  adjacent  to  the  abruptly  sloping  submargins. 

Alt.  about  46  mm. ;  lat. ,  about  45  mm. ;  alt.  of  largest  specimen  about  70  mm. 

This  species,  which  is  curiously  intermediate  between  Pecten  and 
Spondylus,  probably  belongs  to  the  subgenus  Hinnites.  The  sculpture 
and  ears  are  distinctly  pectiniform,  but  the  discrepancy  in  the  shape 
and  size  of  the  valves  is  like  that  of  Spondylus. 

Localities. — Northwest  of  St.  Jean  Bay,  point  between  Anse  Ecaille 
and  Anse  Lizard,  and  point  between  Colombier  Point  and  bay  next  to 
St.  Jean  Bay,  St.  Bartholomew  (stations  6897,  6897a,  b,  6905,  6924), 
Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Eocene.  Near  top  of  the  conglomerate  series  and 
beneath  the  main  limestone  bed. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167124. 

Spondylus  bostrychites  Guppy. 
(Plate  11,  Figures  11  a,  6.) 

Spondylus  bifrons  Sowerby,  Quart.  Jour.  Geol.  Soc.  London,  vol.  6,  p.  53,  1850  (date  of 

imprint,  1849).     Not  of  Goldfuss,  1835. 

Spondylus  bostrychites  Guppy,  Proc.  Sci.  Asso.  Trinidad,  p.  176,  1867. 
Spondylus  bostrychites  Gabb,  Trans.  Amer.  Phil.  Soc.,  vol.  15,  n.  s.,  p.  257,  1881. 
Spondylus  bostrychites  Dall,  Trans.  Wagner  Inst.  Sci..,  vol  3,  pt.  4,  p.  758,  1898. 
Spondylus  bostrychites  Dall,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Bull.  90,  p,  124,  plate  19,  fig.  4,  1915. 
Spondylus  bostrychites  Maury,  Bull.  Amer.  Pal.,  vol.  5,  p.  354,  plate  58,  fig.  4,  1917. 

The  following  is  Sowerby's  description  of  this  species,  1849 : 

"Testa  subregularis,  rotundata,  ventricosa,  margine  latiusculo,  valide 
denticulate;  extus  radiatim  costata,  costis  5  ad  6  spiniferis;  area  cardinal! 
alterius  valvse  angustissima,  alterius  latiori." 

The  shell  is  orbicular,  pectiniform,  nearly  equivalve,  with  very 
small  submargins.  The  spinose  ribs  are  separated  by  numerous  finer, 
spineless  ribs  bearing  minute,  close-set  (2  or  3  per  mm.),  erect  scales. 
The  short  submargins  and  more  rotund  form  distinguish  S.  bostrychites 
from  S.  dumosus. 

Guppy's  collection,  now  in  the  National  Museum,  contains  4  speci- 
mens labeled  types — 2  specimens  from  Jamaica  and  2  from  Anguilla. 
The  Jamaican  forms  have  coarser  intermediate  ribs  than  those  from 
Anguilla  and  perhaps  other  differences  might  be  detected  if  a  larger 
suite  of  specimens  were  available  for  comparison.  I  have  not  seen 
Guppy's  description  and  consequently  do  not  know  which  form  is  the 
true  S.  bostrychites.  Sowerby's  type  is  from  Santo  Domingo. 

Localities.— Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  stations  6894,  6965,  6967;  Friar's 
Hill,  Long  Island,  and  Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua,  stations  6856,  6869, 
6881,  Vaughan;  also  at  Pontou,  Santo  Domingo;  Bowden,  Jamaica; 
Tampa,  Florida. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Types.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Nos.  115522  or  115523. 

Figured  specimen. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167140. 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSCA.  145 

Spondylus  species. 

In  the  Vaughan  collection  are  numerous  specimens  of  a  species  of 
Spondylus  which  I  have  been  unable  to  identify  with  any  described 
species.  It  appears  to  be  more  rotund  than  S.  dumosus  and  S.  scottij 
but  less  so  than  S.  bostrychites.  The  ribs  are  uniform  or  slightly 
alternating  in  size  and  set  with  the  spines  customary  to  the  genus. 
The  finer  sculpture,  which  is  of  much  more  diagnostic  value  than  the 
coarser,  is  entirely  obliterated  in  the  specimens  at  hand. 

Localities. — Northwest  side  of  St.  Jean  Bay  and  point  between  Anse 
Ecaille  and  Anse  Lezard,  St.  Bartholomew,  stations  6897,  6897  a,  6, 
6924,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Eocene,  near  top  of  the  conglomerate  series  and 

beneath  the  main  limestone  bed. 

/ 

Plicatula  densata  Conrad. 
(Plate  11,  Figures  12  a,  b.) 

Plicatula  densata  Conrad,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vol.  1,  p.  311,  1843. 
Plicatula  densata  Conrad,  Foss.  of  the  Medial  Tertiary,  p.  75,  plate  43,  fig.  6,  1845. 
Spondylus  inornatus  Whitfield,  Miocene  Pal.  N.  J.,  p.  34,  plate  5,  figs.  1,  2,  1895. 
Plicatula  densata  Ball,  Trans.  Wagner  Inst.,  vol.  3,  pt.  2,  p.  763  (ex  parte),  1898. 
Plicatula  densata  Dall,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Bull.  90,  p.  125  (ex  parte),  1915. 

The  following  is  Conrad's  description  of  this  species,  1845: 

"  Ovate,  thick,  profoundly  and  irregularly  plicated;  inferior  valve  ventricose; 
ribs  acute,  with  arched  spiniform  scales;  cardinal  teeth  large,  curved,  laterally 
striated,  crenulated  on  the  margins;  larger  cardinal  tooth  in  each  valve 
slightly  bifid,  broad;  muscular  impressions  prominent. 

"Loc.  Cumberland  Co.,  New  Jersey. 

"The  valves  have  about  10  folds,  and  the  lower  valve  closely  resembles  a 
variety  of  Ostrea  virginiana"'  * 

The  Cuban  form  seems  indistinguishable  from  the  continental. 

Localities. — Santiago,  Cuba,  stations  3436,  3447,  Vaughan;  also  at 
Tampa,  Chipola,  and  Oak  Grove,  Florida,  and  in  the  Miocene  of  New 
Jersey. 

Type. — Philadelphia  Academy? 

Figured  specimen. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167150. 

Modiolus  (Botula)  cinnamomeus  (Lamarck). 
(Plate  14,  Figures  4,  5.) 

Mytilus  cinnamominus,  etc.,  Chem.,  Conch.  Cab.,  vol.  8,  p.  152,  plate  82,  fig.  731,  1785. 
Modiola  cinnamornea  Lam.,  Anim.  sans  Vert.,  vol.  6,  p.  114,  1819;  ed.  Desh.,  vol.  7,  p.  25,  1835. 
Modiolus  (Botula.)  cinnamomeus  Dall,  Trans.  Wagner  Inst.,  vol.  3,  p.  797,  1898. 
Modiolus  (Botula)  cinnamomeus  Dall,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Bull.  90,  p.  128,  1915. 

The  following  is  Lamarck's  description  of  this  species: 

"M.  testa  subcylindrica,  ventricosa,  arcuata,  utraque  extremitate  retusa; 
natibus  subprominulis. 

"Habite  les  mers  de  PIsle  de  France.  Coquille  de  couleur  marron,  ayant 
F  aspect  d'un  gland  arque;  a  valves  tres  concave.  Longueur,  37  mm." 


146      GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   WEST   INDIES. 

The  Cuban  specimens  are  well  grown,  being  considerably  larger  than 
most  of  the  fossils  from  Florida,  but  agreeing  well  with  mature  living 
shells*  They  are  preserved  only  as  casts. 

Localities. — Near  Santiago,  Cuba,  stations  3192,  5255,  Wilcox, 
Black;  Tampa,  Chipola,  Caloosahatchee  River,  Florida;  Trinidad. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Figured  specimens. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167153. 

Lithophaga  nigra  (d'Orbigny). 
(Plate  14,  Figure  6.) 

Lithodomus  niger  d'Orbigny,  de  la  Sagra's  Hist,  de  Cuba  (Spanish  edition),  pt.  2,  vol.  5,  plate 

28,  figs.  10,  11,  1845. 

Lithodomus  niger  d'Orbigny,  idem  (French  edition),  vol.  2,  p.  331,  plate  28,  figs.  10,  11,  1847. 
Lithophaga  nigra  Dall,  Trans.  Wagner  Inst.,  vol.  3,  pt.  4,  p.  799,  1898. 
Lithophaga  nigra  Dall,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Bull.  90,  p.  129,  1915. 
Lithophaga  nigra  Maury,  Bull,  Amer.  Pal.,  vol.  5,  p.  358,  1917. 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  this  species : 

"LiTHODOMUs  testa  oblongo-elongata,  recta,  epidermide  nigrescente;  latere 
buccale  angustiore,  obtuso;  latere  anali  elongatissirno  subterque  rotundato, 
regione  ligamenti  subcompresso,  regione  palleali  transversim  striato;  natibus 
mediocribus,  contortis  intus;  latere  anali  incrassato,  albido." 

This  species  may  readily  be  recognized  by  the  fact  that  its  striae 
cease  abruptly  at  an  imaginary  line  drawn  from  the  beak  to  a  point 
near  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  ventral  margin,  leaving  the  dorsal 
portion  of  the  shell  smooth. 

Localities. — Friar's  Hill,  Antigua;  La  Cruz  and  Santiago,  Cuba, 
stations  6856, 3441,  5255,  Vaughan,  Black;  Tampa  "silex"  bed;  living  in 
the  Antillean  region  and  adjacent  areas. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene,  9)oco~e«*n-. 

Type.— (?) 

Figured  specimen. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167156. 

Lithophaga  species. 

The  Vaughan  collection  contains  one  specimen  of  this  genus  which 
retains  traces  of  ribbing  on  the  dorsal  portion  of  the  valve.  As  the 
outer  layers  of  the  shell  are  absent  from  the  remainder  of  the  valve, 
the  specific  determination  must  await  additional  collections.  The 
species  may  prove  to  be  L.  antillarum  (d'Orbigny). 

Locality. — One-half  mile  north  of  McKinnon's  Mill,  Antigua,  sta- 
tion 6888,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Teredo  species. 

A  large  species  of  Teredo  was  abundant  in  the  Oligocene  of  Cuba. 
The  valves  have  never  been  found,  but  tubes  of  all  sizes  up  to  38  mm. 
in  external  diameter  are  common.  The  tubes  are  divided  towards  the 
smaller  ends  by  a  partition  into  two  unequal  chambers  in  the  manner 
shown  in  the  figure  of  Kuphus  incrassatus  Gabb.1 

1  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vol.  8,  p.  342,  plate  44,  figs.  12  a-e. 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSCA.  147 

Localities. — Santiago,  Willcox,  Vaughan;  Consolacion  del  Sur,  the 
Alcalde;  and  Vento,  Cuba,  Wren,  Black,  stations  3192,  3435,  3474, 
4290,  5255. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene, 

Specimens. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 

Panope  species. 

An  internal  cast  of  a  large  Panope  was  collected  by  T.  H.  Wren  at 
Vento,  Cuba.  The  dimensions  are :  Alt.,  68  mm. ;  long.,  1 15  mm. ;  diam., 
46  mm. 

Locality. — Vento,  near  Havana,  Cuba,  station  4290,  Wren. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Specimen.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167164. 

Solemya  sulcif  era,  new  species. 
(Plate  14,  Figure  3.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  elongate-elliptical;  beaks  situated  near  the  posterior  quarter;  umbonal 
region  moderately  inflated;  a  broad,  shallow  depression  extends  from  the  beaks 
to  the  middle  of  the  ventral  margin;  surface  ornamented  with  about  15  broad, 
shallow,  radiating,  irregularly  spaced  grooves  separated  by  slightly  broader 
flat  ribs. 

Length  of  fragmentary  specimen,  about  67  mm.;  altitude,  about  31  mm. 

Locality. — Angela  Elmira  asphalt  mine,  near  Bejucal,  Cuba,  station 
3652,  Wiebusch. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene? 
Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167165. 

Tellina  species. 

The  cast  of  a  left  valve  which  closely  resembles  the  living  Tellina 
interrupta  Wood. 
Alt.,  29  mm.;  long.,  55  mm. 

Locality. — Near  Santiago,  Cuba,  station  5255,  Black. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 
Specimen.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167166. 

Semele?  species. 
(Plate  14,  Figure  1.) 

From  Antigua  come  fragments  of  two  left  valves,  each  of  which  has 
lost  the  posterior  end.  The  shell  is  striated  in  accordance  with  the 
lines  of  growth,  but  is  otherwise  smooth.  The  hinge  of  one  specimen 
is  partly  exposed,  showing  two  cardinal  teeth,  but  not  sufficiently  to 
establish  positively  the  generic  position. 

Locality. — Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua,  station  6881,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Figured  specimen. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167167. 


148      GEOLOGY   AND    PALEONTOLOGY    OF   THE    WEST    INDIES. 

Metis  trinitaria  Dall. 
(Plate  14,  Figures  2  a,  6.) 

Tellina  biplicala  Guppy,  Proc.  Geol.  Soc.,  vol.  22,  p.  588,  1866.     (Not  of  Conrad.) 

Tellina  biplicata  Guppy,  Proc.  Sci^A^sp^T^rinidad,  p.  161,  1867. 

Tellina  sagrce  Guppy,  Quart.  Jour.  *G<k>l.  Soc.  London,  p.  530,  1876. 

TeUina  sagrce  Dall  and  Guppy,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  19,  p.  329,  1896.     (Not  of  d'Orbigny.) 

Metris  trinitaria  Dall,  Trans.  Wag.  Inst.,  vol.  3,  pt.  5,  p.  1041,  plate  46,  fig.  24,  1900. 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  this  species: 

"  Shell  anteriorly  elongated  and  dorso-ventrally  attenuated,  the  anterior 
dorsal  slope  rapid,  the  anterior  end  rounded ;  the  disk  mesially  constricted,  the 
posterior  end  short,  high,  blunt,  strongly  folded;  beaks  high,  surface  sculp- 
tured with  numerous  small,  sharp,  slightly  elevated  concentric  lamellae, 
which  are  closer  towards  the  ends  of  the  shell;  interior  with  the  pallial  sinus 
larger  and  higher  in  the  left  valve,  about  half  confluent  below,  deep  and 
rounded  in  front.  Lon.  52,  alt.  41,  diam.  19  mm.,  but  reaching  twice  this  size. 

"The  peculiar  anterior  elongation  and  arcuate  form  of  this  species  dis- 
tinguish it  clearly  from  the  other  American  species.  Guppy  erroneously 
identified  it  with  a  Miocene  and  also  with  a  Pleistocene  species,  from  both  of 
which  comparison  shows  it  perfectly  distinct."  (Dall,  1900.) 

Localities. — Santiago,  La  Cruz,  and  Vento,  Cuba,  stations  3192, 
3441,  3439,  4290,  and  5255,  Willcox,  Vaughan,  Black;  also  Trinidad; 
Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  stations  6894,  6966,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene,  ^Urc**xi^ . 

Types.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  115660. 

Figured  specimen. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167171. 

Cardium  species. 

The  genus  Cardium  is  represented  in  the  Anguillan  fauna  by  casts 
which  I  have  been  unable  to  identify  with  any  described  species. 

Locality. — Crocus  Bay  and  Sandy  Hill,  Anguilla,  stations  6894, 6963, 
6967,  Vaughan;  also  (probably  different  species)  Calabazar,  Cuba, 
station  4291,  Wren. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Lucina  species. 

Large  globose  lucinas  appear  to  have  been  rather  abundant  in  the 
Tertiary  seas,  but  are  preserved  chiefly  as  casts  which  exhibit  few 
characters  suitable  for  specific  discrimination.  Some  of  the  localities 
are  given  below. 

Localities. — Quarries  west  of  Smithfield  Mill,  Friedericksted,  St. 
Croix,  station  6937;  dimensions,  alt.,  100  mm.;  long.,  120  mm.;  diam., 
86  mm. ;  Vaughan.  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  stations  6894,  6966;  dimen- 
sions, alt.,  75  mm.;  long.,  84  mm.;  diam.,  60  mm.;  Vaughan.  Cala- 
bazar, Cuba,  station  4291;  dimensions,  alt.,  103  mm.;  long.,  110  mm.; 
diam.,  70mm.;  Wren.  Also  Vento,  "E.  C.  A.,"  Fort  Cabanas,  Cuba, 
stations  4290,  4292,  3465;  Wren,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSCA.  149 

Myrtsea(?)  asphaltica,  new  species. 
(Plate  14,  Figures  7  a,  b,  8,  9  a-c.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  large,  robust,  transversely  elliptical,  lucinoid;  anterior  and  ventral 
margins  rounded,  posterior  margin  truncated;  beaks  full,  situated  a  little  in 
front  of  the  middle;  surface  sculpture  of  rough,  crowded,  concentric  growth- 
lines  and,  on  the  umbones,  equidistant,  concentric  ridges,  becoming  obsolete 
distally;  dorsal  areas  obsolete;  inner  margins  entire;  anterior  adductor  scar 
lucinoid  but  rather  short;  lunule  broadly  lanceolate;  escutcheon  linear  or  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  depressed,  bordered  by  a  sharply  angular  keel;  hinge  with 
1  right  and  2  left  cardinal  teeth,  1  right  and  2  left  anterior  laterals,  and  the 
same  number  of  posterior  laterals;  left  laterals  feeble;  ligament  external  but 
deeply  depressed,  preserved  in  the  types. 

Alt.  of  a  medium-sized  specimen,  40  mm.;  length,  49  mm.;  diam.,  25  mm. 
A  larger  specimen  measures  57  mm.  in  altitude  and  39  mm.  in  diameter. 

This  exceedingly  interesting  species,  undoubtedly  a  member  of  the 
family  Lucinidse,  is  closely  related  to  Myrtsea,  but  is  very  much  larger 
than  any  hitherto  described  American  species  of  that  genus,  and  has 
weaker  sculpture  than  is  customary.  It  is  separated  at  once  from 
Lucina  by  its  dentition  and  escutcheon;  from  Loripes  by  the  escutcheon, 
external  ligament,  and  dentition;  and  from  the  greater  number  of 
Phacoides  by  the  absence  of  dorsal  areas. 

Locality. — Angela  Elmira  asphalt  mine,  near  Bejucal,  Cuba,  stations 
3652,  5312,  Wiebusch. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene? 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167186. 

Phacoides  (Miltha)  aff.  Phacoides  hillsboroensis  (Heilprin). 
(Plate  15,  Figures  3  a,  b.) 

This  species,  which  is  known  only  from  casts  of  the  interior,  resembles 
rather  closely  Miltha  hillsboroensis ,  from  which  it  differs  in  its  more 
depressed  posterior  dorsal  areas. 

Alt.,  62  mm.;  lat.,  62  mm.;  diam.,  26  mm. 

Localities. — Near  Santiago,  Cuba,  stations  3192  and  5255,  Willcox, 
Black.  Qfa 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Figured  specimen. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167189. 

Phacoides  (Here)  species. 
(Plate  15,  Figure  2.) 

The  following  is  a  partial  description  of  this  species : 

Right  valve  resembling  P.  wadssanus  Ball  but  with  straighter  dorsal  margin 

and  more  deeply  impressed  sulcus,  which  extends  with  undiminished  depth  to 

the  beak;  left  valve  with  shallower  sulcus. 

The  specimens  probably  represent  an  undescribed  species,  but  are 
too  fragmentary  to  furnish  a  complete  diagnosis. 

Locality. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  stations  6965,  6894,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 

Figured  specimen. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167190. 


150      GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   WEST   INDIES. 

Antigona  csesarina  var.  anguillana,  new  variety. 
(Plate  16,  Figures  4  a,  6.) 

Cytherea  ccesarina  Dall,  Trans.  Wagner  Inst.  Sci.,  vol.  3,  pt.  6,  p.  1275,  plate  53,  fig.  5,  1903. 
Antigona  (aff.)  ccesarina  Dall,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  vol.  51,  No.  2162,  p.  500,  1916. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  variety. 

Shell  orbicular,  convex;  sculpture  of  numerous  low,  flat,  narrow,  radial 
riblets,  separated  by  slightly  wider  interspaces,  and  of  elevated,  reflexed, 
crenulated,  concentric  lamellae;  lunule  broad,  cordate,  extended  anteriorly; 
escutcheon  long,  wider  in  the  right  valve,  defined  on  each  valve  by  a  deep  sulcus. 

Length  of  the  specimen  figured  (broken  at  the  posterior  end),  53  mm.; 
height,  52  mm.;  diameter  of  joined  valves,  30.5  mm. 

The  radial  riblets  are  more  prominent  in  the  variety  anguillana  than 
in  the  typical  A.  ccesarina  and  the  lunule  is  more  extended  in  front. 
Perfect  specimens  might  show  other  distinguishing  characters. 

Antigona  anguillana  resembles  A.  tarquinia  (Dall)  from  the  Tampa 
"silex"  bed,  from  which  it  may  readily  be  distinguished  by  its  more 
orbicular  shape,  greater  inflation  of  the  umbones,  closer  concentric 
lamellae,  and  much  broader,  cordate  lunule.  Its  sculpture,  as  well  as 
can  be  determined  from  the  specimens  at  hand,  is  like  that  of  the 
Recent  and  Pleistocene  A.  listen  (Gray),  from  which  it  differs  in  the 
greater  inflation  of  the  posterior  dorsal  slopes,  which,  in  the  latter 
species,  are  flat  or  even  slightly  concave.  A  very  closely  related, 
perhaps  identical,  form  from  the  base  of  the  Chattahoochee  formation 
near  Bainbridge,  Georgia,  has  been  listed  as  A.  (aff.)  ccesarina  by  Dall. 

Localities. — Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla,  station  6893;  Blizzard  Mill, 
Antigua,  station  6874;  Vaughan.  A  fragment  with  similar  sculpture 
is  from  the  chert  interbedded  with  tuffs  at  St.  Johns,  Antigua,  station 
6855.  The  type  of  A.  ccesarina  is  from  the  Chipola  Miocene  at  station 
2212,  Ten  Mile  Creek,  Calhoun  County,  Florida. 

Geologic  horizon.— Oligocene. 

Type  of  A.  ccesarina  Dall.— U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  114754. 

Type  of  variety  anguillana  Cooke. —  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167192. 

Chione  spenceri,  new  species. 
(Plate  15,  Figures  1  a,  6.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  ovate,  moderately  convex,  with  low,  prosogyrate  beaks  and  a  sharply 
defined,  lozenge-shaped  lunule  with  imbricating  growth-lamellae;  escutcheon 
lanceolate,  flat  or  slightly  concave,  and  with  fine  growth-lines;  radial  sculpture 
of  minute,  close,  low,  rounded  ridges  becoming  obsolete  at  the  anterior  and 
posterior  ends;  concentric  sculpture  of  erect,  evenly  spaced  lamellae,  24  on  the 
type  specimen,  smooth  on  the  dorsal  surface  and  on  the  upper  part  of  the 
ventral  surface,  but  with  a  row  of  beads,  contiguous  to  the  radial  ribbing,  at 
the  base  of  the  ventral  surface. 

Length,  26  mm.;  height,  23  mm.;  diameter  of  joined  valves,  15.5  mm. 

Localities.— Antigua,   Spencer   (type);  Willoughby  Bay,   Antigua, 
station  6881;  Vaughan. 
Geologic  horizon. — Oligocene. 
Type.—IJ.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  163352. 


TERTIARY   MOLLUSCA.  151 

Venericardia  globosa,  new  species. 
(Plate  15,  Figures  4  a-c.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  orbicular,  highly  inflated;  ribs  more  than  20,  with  nearly  equal  inter- 
spaces; beaks  medial,  low;  margins  crenulated  within. 
Alt.,  33.5  mm.;  Ion.,  35.5,  mm.;  diam.  of  left  valve,  19  mm. 

The  species  grew  to  be  at  least  twice  as  large  as  the  specimen  measured. 

All  the  specimens  of  this  species  are  so  badly  worn  as  to  prevent 
accurate  determination  of  the  sculpture;  20  ribs  can  be  counted  on 
the  type  specimen,  and  it  is  probable  that  at  least  5  more  were  origin- 
ally present.  Where  the  ribs  have  been  partly  eroded  they  present  a 
peculiar  cellular  structure,  beneath  which  may  be  discerned  concentric 
sculpture  of  close,  wavy  threads. 

This  species,  remarkable  for  its  inflation,  can  not  be  confused  with 
any  other  known  American  species.  Venericardia  bulla,  which,  per- 
haps, is  as  close  to  this  species  as  any  other,  is  less  inflated,  much 
longer,  and  has  higher  beaks. 

Localities. — Point  between  Colombier  Point  and  bay  next  to  St.  Jean 
Bay  and  point  between  Anse  Ecaille  and  Anse  Lizard,  St.  Bartholo- 
mew (stations  68976  and  6897),  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Eocene. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167196. 

Venericardia  vaughani,  new  species. 
(Plate  16,  Figures  2  a-c.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Shell  subquadrate;  beaks  high,  prosogyrate,  situated  near  the  anterior 
quarter;  ribs  about  17,  broad,  separated  by  nearly  equally  wide  interspaces; 
ribs  on  the  anterior  third  set  with  transversely  elongated  nodes,  other  ribs 
rounded,  flattened,  or  acutish. 

Alt.,  45  mm.;  Ion.,  47  mm.;  diameter,  about  30  mm. 

Locality. — Point  between  Anse  Ecaille  and  Anse  Lezard,  St.  Bartho- 
lomew, station  6897,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Eocene. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167195. 

Venericardia  species. 
(Plate  16,  Figure  3.) 

A  fragment  of  the  left  valve  of  a  large  species  of  Venericardia  was 
found  at  station  6897,  St.  Bartholomew.  It  appears  to  be  related  to 
Venericardia  planicosta,  but  possesses  nodules  on  the  anterior  ribs  and 
its  lunule  is  not  erect  as  in  that  species. 

Locality. — Point  between  Anse  ficaille  and  Anse  Lezard,  St.  Bartho- 
lomew, station  6897a,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Eocene. 

Figured  specimen. — U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167197. 


152      GEOLOGY   AND    PALEONTOLOGY    OF   THE    WEST    INDIES. 

Argyrotheca  dalli,  new  species. 
(Plate  16,  Figures  5  a-c.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  minutely  punctate,  with  many  simple,  rounded  ribs  increasing  in 
number  by  intercalation;  dorsal  valve  flat;  ventral  valve  inflated;  cardinal 
areas  high,  triangular  in  ventral  valve,  linear  in  dorsal  valve;  delthyrium 
(probably)  triangular;  median  septum  of  dorsal  valve  high  in  front,  nearly 
meeting  the  opposite  valve,  very  low  at  beak. 

Alt.  of  ventral  valve,  13.3  mm.;  alt.  of  dorsal  valve,  10  mm.;  width,  12.5 
mm.;  diam.,  7  mm. 

Guppy1  lists  Argiope  clevei  Davidson  from  St.  Bartholomew,  but  I 
have  been  unable  to  find  any  other  reference  to  that  species.  It  may 
be  the  form  here  described. 

Localities. — Point  between  Anse  Ecaille  and  Anse  Lezard  and  point 
between  Colombier  Point  and  bay  next  St.  Jean  Bay,  St.  Bartholomew, 
stations  6897  a,  b,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Upper  Eocene. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167201. 

Liothyrina  vaughani,  new  species. 
(Plate  16,  Figures  1  a-c.) 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Shell  large,  inflated,  glabrous;  dorsal  valve  suborbicular,  ventral  valve  ovate, 
occasionally  prolonged  in  a  linguiform  projection  filling  a  corresponding  emar- 
gination  in  the  dorsal  valve ;  beak  closely  incurved ;  foramen  small,  circular. 

Length,  43  mm. ;  breadth,  36  mm. ;  thickness,  18.5  mm. 

This  species  was  identified  as  Terebratula  carneoides  Guppy  by 
Cleve,2  but  the  beak  of  Liothyrina  vaughani  is  more  closely  incurved 
than  that  of  any  previously  described  species  from  the  American 
Tertiary. 

Locality. — Northwest  side  of  St.  Jean  Bay,  St.  Bartholomew,  station 
6924,  Vaughan. 

Geologic  horizon. — Upper  Eocene. 

Type.—U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  167202. 


BRACHIOPODS  FROM  TRINIDAD. 

For  the  sake  of  completeness,  references  are  included  to  3  species  of  Lio- 
thyrina from  San  Fernando,  Trinidad.  The  types  are  in  the  collection  of 
the  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

Terebratula  trinitatensis  Guppy,  Quart.  Journ.  Geol.  Soc.  London,  vol.  22,  p.  296,  plate  19, 

figs,  la,  16,  1866. 

Terebratula  carneoides  Guppy,  loc.  tit.,  p.  296,  plate  19,  fig.  2,  1866. 
Terebratula  lecta  Guppy,  loc.  tit.,  p.  296,  plate  19,  fig.  3,  1866. 

1  Guppy,  R.  J.  L.,  Geol.  Mag.,  Dec.  2,  vol.  1,  p.  443,  1874. 
a  K.  svenska  Vet.-Akad.,  Handl.  Bd.  9,  No.  12,  p.  26,  1871. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  PLATES. 

PLATE  1. 

FIG.  1.  Oliva  sp.     Ventral  view.     Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.      X  1.5.     Page  111. 

FIGS.  2,  3  a-b.  Levifusus?  angelicus,   n.    sp.     (2)    Dorsal    view.     Bejucal,    Cuba.      X  1.5.    (3a) 

Ventral  view  of  smaller  individual  from  same  locality.      X  3.     (36)  Dorsal  view  of 

same  specimen.      X3.     Page  111. 

FIG.  4.  Lyria  vaughani,  n.  sp.     Dorsal  view.     Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.      X  1.5.     Page  111. 
FIGS.  5  a-6,  6  a-b.  Conus  sp.     (5a)  Apieal  view  of  cast.     Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.      X  1.5.     (56) 

Ventral  view  of  same  specimen.     X  1 .5.     (6a)  Apical  view  of  cast  of  another  individual, 

Crocus  Bay.      X  1.5.     (66)  Ventral  view  of  same  specimen.      X  1.5.      Page  110. 
FIG.  7.  Cerithium  herculeanum,  n.  sp.     Ventral  view.     Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.      X  1.5.    Page  116. 
FIG.  8.  Epitonium  (Sthenorhytis)  antiguense  (Brown).     Dorsal  view.     Hodge's  Bluff,  Antigua. 

X  1.5.     Page  112. 
FIGS.  9  a,  6.  Cyprcea  anguillana,  n.  sp.     (9a)  Ventral  view.    Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.     X  1.5.     (96) 

Dorsal  view  of  same  specimen,  X  1.5.     Page  114. 
FIGS.  10  a,  6.  Cyprcea  semen,  n.  sp.     (lOa)  Ventral  view.  Bejucal,  Cuba.      X  3.     (106)  Dorsal 

view  of  same  specimen.      X  3.     Page  114. 

PLATE  2. 

FIGS.  1,  2.  Orthaulax  inornatus  Gabb.     (1)  Ventral  view.     Consolacion  del  Sur,  Cuba.      X  1. 

(2)  Ventral  view  of  fragment  from  same  locality.      X  1.     Page  116. 
FIGS.  3,  4.    Orthaulax    pugnax   (Heilprin).     (3)    Ventral  view.     Crocus  Bay,   Anguilla.      X    1. 

(4)  Young  individual.     Antigua.      X  1.     Page  115. 

FIGS.  5  a,  6.  Strombus  sp.  (5o)  Ventral  view  of  young  individual.  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.  X  1. 
(56)  Dorsal  view  of  same  specimen.  X  1.  Page  115. 

PLATE  3. 

FIGS.  1  a,  b.  Hemisinus  costatus,  n.  sp.     (la)  Ventral  view  of  type.    Bejucal,  Cuba.      X  3.     (1Z>) 

Dorsal  view  of  same  specimen.      X  3.     Page  117. 

FIG.  2.  Hemisinus  bituminifer,  n.  sp.     Ventral  view  of  type.     Bejucal,  Cuba.      X  3.    Page  118. 
FIG.  3.  Hemisinus  siliceus  Brown  and  Pilsbry.     Ventral  view.     Dry  Hill  Point,  Antigua.      X  1.5. 

Page  119. 
FIGS.  4,  5.  Hemisinus  atriformis,  n.  sp.     (4)  Dorsal  view  of  type.    Dry  Hill  Point,  Antigua.     X  2. 

(5)  Ventral  view  of  anotherindividual  from  same  locality.      X  2.     Page  118. 

FIGS.  6,  7,  8,  9.  Hemisinus  antiguensis  Brown  and  Pilsbry.  (6)  Ventral  view  of  smoother  variety. 
Dry  Hill  Point,  Antigua.  X  1.5.  (7)  Ventral  view.  Dry  Hill  Point,  Antigua.  X  5. 
(8)  Ventral  view  of  young  specimen.  Dry  Hill  Point,  Antigua.  X  5.  (9)  Fragment 
from  same  locality.  X  5.  Page  118. 

FIGS.  10  a.  6,  11,  12  a,  6.  Cerithidea?  anguillana,  n.  sp.  (lOa)  Ventral  view  of  young  individual. 
Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.  X  5.  (106)  Dorsal  view  of  same  specimen.  X  5.  (11)  Dorsal 
view  of  type.  Same  locality.  X  5.  (12a)  Dorsal  view  of  young  individual.  Same 
locality.  X  5.  (12b)  Ventral  view  of  same  specimen.  X  5.  Page  117. 

PLATE  4. 

FIGS.  1,  2,  3.  Turritella  anguillana,  n.  sp.     (1)  Fragment.     Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.      X  1.5.     (2) 

Fragment  from  same  locality.     X   1.5.    (3)  Fragment  from  same  locality.     X   1.5. 

Page  120. 
FIG.  4.  Turritella  dubiosa,    n.   sp.     View  of  type   specimen.     Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.      X    1.5. 

Page  120. 
FIGS.  5,  6,  7.  Turritella  forresti   Brown.     (5)  Ventral  view.     St.    Johns,    Antigua.      X    3.     (6) 

Dorsal  view  of  another   specimen  from    same  locality.      X  3.     (7)  Dorsal  view  of 

another  specimen  from  same  locality.      X  3.     Page  121. 

FIG.  8.  Turritella  crocus,  n.  sp.     Ventral  view  of  type.     Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.     X  1.5.    Page  121. 
FIGS.  9  a,  6.  Ampullina  anguillana,  n.  sp.     (9a)  Ventral  view  of  type.     Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla. 

X  1.5.     (96)  Dorsal  view  of  same  specimen.      X  1.5.     Page  123. 
FIG.  10.  Solarium  sp.     Fragment.     Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.      X  5.     Page  122. 

153 


154  DESCRIPTION   OF   PLATES. 

PLATE  5. 

FIGS.  1,  2,  3.  Amputtina  (Ampullinopsis)    spenceri,  n.    sp.     (1)  Ventral   view   of  first   cotype. 

Antigua.     X  1.     (2)  Ventral  view  of  second  cotype.     Antigua.      X  1.     (3)  Ventral 

view  of  a  larger  specimen.     Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua.     X  1.     Page  123. 
FIGS.  4  a-c.  Turbo  antiguensis,  n.  sp.     (4a)  Ventral  view  of  type.     Rifle  Butts,  Antigua.      X  1. 

(46)  Basal  view  of  same  specimen.      XI.     (4c)  Dorsal  view  of  same  specimen.     XL 

Page  125. 
FIGS.  5  a,  6.  Margarita  naticoides,  n.  sp.    (5o)  Ventral  view  of  type.    Bejucal,  Cuba.     X  1.     (56) 

Dorsal  view  of  same  specimen.      X   1.     Page  125. 

FIGS.  6  a,  6.  Sinurn   chipolanum    (Dall).     (6a)  Ventral   view.     Crocus   Bay,    Anguilla.     X    2. 
>  (66)  Dorsal  view  of  same  specimen.      X  2.     Page  124. 

FIGS.  7,  8.  Neretina?  grandis,  n.  sp.     (7)  Dorsal  view  of  type.     Anse  Lezard,  St.  Bartholomew. 

XI.     (8)  Dorsal  view  of  large  specimen.     St.  Jean  Bay,  St.  Bartholomew.     X  1. 

Page  126. 
FIGS.  9  a-c.  Elmira  comu-arietis,  n.  sp.     (9a)  Ventral  view  of  type.     Bejucal,  Cuba.      XI.     (96) 

Apical  view  of  same  specimen.     X  1.     (9c)  Dorsal  view  of  same  specimen.     X  1. 

Page  123. 
FIGS.  10  a,  6.  Scapharca  anguittana,  n.  sp.     (lOo)  Exterior  of  right  valve  of  type.     Crocus  Bay, 

Anguilla.      X  1.     (106)  Interior  of  same  specimen.      X  1.     Page  127. 
FIGS.  11  o,  6.  Scapharca  willobiana,  n.  sp.     (lla)   Right   valve    of    type.     Willoughby    Bay, 

Antigua.     X  1.     (116)  Left  valve  of  same  specimen.      X  1.     Page  127. 

PLATE  6. 

FIGS.  1  a,  6,  2  o,  6.  Ostrea  antiguensis  Brown,  (la)  Exterior  of  upper  valve.  Rifle  Butts, 
Antigua.  X  0.75  (16)  Exterior  of  lower  valve  of  same  specimen.  X  0.75  (2a)  Ex- 
terior of  lower  valve.  Same  locality.  X  0.75  (26)  Interior  of  same  specimen. 
X  0.75  Page  128. 

PLATE  7. 

FIGS.  1,  2.  Ostrea  haitensis  Sowerby.     (1)  Interior  of  valve.     Santiago,  Cuba.      XI.     (2)  Inte 

rior  of  lower  valve  of  young  individual.     Santiago,  Cuba.      X  1.5.     Page  129. 
FIG.  3.  Pecten  nodosissimus,  n.  sp.     Right  valve.     Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua.      X  1.5.    Page  141. 
FIGS.  4  o,  6.  Pecten  waylandi,  n.  sp.     (4o)  Left  valve  of  type.     Santiago,  Cuba.      X  1.5.     (46) 

Right  valve  of  same  individual.      X  1.5.     Page  131. 
FIGS.  5,  6.  Pecten  gardnerce,  n.  «p.     (5)  Left  valve.     Santiago,  Cuba.      X  1.5.     (6)  Right  valve 

of  another  individual.     Santiago,  Cuba.     X  1.5.     Page  134. 
FIGS.  7,  8.  Pecten  articulosus,  n.  sp.     (7)  Right  valve,  type.     Guajay,  Cuba.      X  1.     (8)  Left 

valve  of  another  individual.     Guajay,  Cuba.      X  1.     Page  136. 

PLATE  8. 

FIG.  1.  Ostrea  haitensis  Sowerby.     Exterior.     La  Cruz,  Cuba.      X  0.5.     Page  129. 

FIGS.  2,  3,  4.  Pecten  vaughani,  n.  sp.     (2)   Left  valve.     Crocus   Bay,   Anguilla.     X    1.5.     (3) 

Right  valve  of  type.     Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.     X  1.5.     (4)  Right  valve.     Crocus 

Bay,  Anguilla.      X  1.5.     Page  133. 

FIG.  5.  Pecten  oxygonum  Sowerby?     Right  valve.     Hodge's  Bluff,  Antigua.      X  1.5.     Page  137. 
FIGS.  6  o,  6,  7.  Pecten  vaughani  var.  flabellum,  n.   var.     (6a)    Left  valve  of  type.     Santiago, 

Cuba.    X  1.5.  (66)  Right  valve  of  type.      X  1.5.     (7)  Right  valve.     La  Cruz,  Cuba. 

X  1.5.     Page  134. 
FIGS.  8,  9,  10.  Pecten  perplexus,  n.  sp.     (8)  Right  valve.     Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.      X  1.5.     (9) 

Left  valve.    Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.     X  1.5.    (10)  Detail  of  sculpture.     Crocus  Bay, 

Anguilla.     Greatly  enlarged.     Page  138. 

PLATE  9. 

FIG.  1.  Ostrea  cf.  O.  trigonalis  Conrad.     Upper  valve.     St.  Jean  Bay,  St.  Bartholomew.      X  0.75. 

Page  129. 
FIGS.  2  o,  6.  Pecten  crocus,  n.  sp.     (2a)  Right  valve.     Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.      X  1.     (26)  Left 

valve  of  same  individual.     X  1.     Page  135. 
FIGS.  3  a-c.  Unio  bitumen,  n.  sp.     (3a)    Right  valve.     Bejucal,   Cuba.     X   0.75.     (36)    Left 

valve  of  same  individual.     X  0.75.     (3c)  Dorsal  view  of  same  individual.      X  0.75. 

Page  130. 
FIGS.  4  o,  6.  Pinna  vaughani,  n.  sp.     (4a)  Right  valve.     Crocus  Bay,    Anguilla.      X  1.     (46) 

Left  valve  of  same  specimen,  tilted  to  show  ventral  sculpture.     X  1.     Page  127. 


DESCRIPTION   OF   PLATES.  155 

PLATE  10. 

FIGS.  1  a,  6,  2.  Pecten  anguillensia  Guppy.     (la)  Right  valve  of  type.     Anguilla.      X  1.5.     (16) 

Left  valve  of  type.     X  1.5.     (2)  Left  valve.     Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua.      X  1.5. 

Page  132. 
FIGS.  3,  4.  Pecten  clevei,  n.  sp.     (3)  Left  valve.     Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.     X    1.5.     (4)  Right 

valve.     Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.      X  1.5.     Page  132. 

FIG.  5.  Pecten  perlineatus,  n.  sp.     Type.     Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua.     X  1.5.     Page  141. 
FIG.  6.  Pecten  nugenti  Brown?     Fragment.     Hodge's  Bluff,  Antigua.      X  1.5.     Page  141. 
FIG.  7.  Pecten  cf.  P.  oxygonum  Sowerby.     Right  valve.     Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua.     X  1.5. 

Page  138. 
FIGS.  8,  9  a,  6.  Pecten  crucianus,  n.    sp.     (8)    Right  valve.     La    Cruz,    Cuba.      X  1.5.     (9a) 

Interior   of   left  valve    (type).     Santiago,   Cuba.      X  1.5.     (96)  Exterior  of   type. 

X  1.5.     Page  139. 

PLATE  11. 

FIGS.  1,  2,  3.  Pecten  willobiamis,  n.  sp.  (1)  Right  valve.  Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua.  X  0.9. 
(2)  Right  valve.  Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua.  X  0.9  (3)  Left  valve.  Willoughby  Bay, 
Antigua.  X  0.9.  Page  133. 

FIGS.  4,  5,  6.  Pecten  thetidis  Sowerby.  (4)  Right  valve.  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.  X  0.9.  (5) 
Right  valve.  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.  X  3.  (6)  Left  valve.  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla. 
X  3.  Page  138. 

FIGS.  7  a,  6,  8.  Pecten  jaccibianus,  n.  sp.  (7a)  Right  valve  of  type.  Santiago,  Cuba.  X  0.9. 
(76)  Left  valve  of  same  specimen.  X  0.9.  (8)  Detail  of  sculpture  of  left  valve.  San- 
tiago, Cuba.  X  3.6.  Page  139. 

FIG.  9.  Pecten  crocus,  n.  sp.?     Left  valve.     Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.      X  0.9.     Page  135. 

FIGS.  10  a,  6.  Pecten  duplex,  n.  sp.  (lOa)  Left  valve.  Long  Island,  Antigua.  X  0.9.  (106) 
Right  valve  of  same  specimen.  X  0.9.  Page  140. 

FIGS.  11  a,  6.  Spondylus  bostrychites  Guppy.  (lla)  Lower  valve.  Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.  X  0.9. 
(116)  Upper  valve  of  same  individual.  X  0.9.  Page  144. 

FIGS.  12  a,  6.  Plicatula  densata  Conrad.  (12a)  Interior.  Santiago,  Cuba.  X  0.9.  (126)  Exte- 
rior of  same  specimen.  X  0.9.  Page  145. 

PLATE  12. 

FIGS.  1  a,  6.  Pecten  ventonensis,  n.  sp.  (la)  Right  valve.  Santiago,  Cuba.  X  0.9.  (16)  Left 
valve  of  same  individual.  X  0.9.  Page  130. 

FIGS.  2  a,  6,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  Hinnites  aratus,  n.  sp.  (2a)  Smaller  valve  of  type.  St.  Bar- 
tholomew. X  0.9.  (26)  Larger  valve  of  same  specimen.  X  0.9.  (3)  Larger  speci- 
men. St.  Bartholomew.  X  0.9.  (4)  Another  specimen.  St.  Bartholomew.  X  0.9. 
(5)  Posterior  ear  of  left  valve.  St.  Bartholomew.  X  0.9  (6)  Details  of  sculpture. 
St.  Bartholomew.  X  3.  (7)  Posterior  view  of  type.  X  0.9.  Page  143. 

FIG.  8.  Pecten  gabbi  Dall.     Left  valve.     Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.      X  0.9     Page  140. 

PLATE  13. 

FIGS.  1  a,  6,  2.  Amusium  lyonii  (Gabb).     (la)  Left  valve.     Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.     X  0.9.    (16) 

Right  valve  of  same  individual  as  fig.  1.     X  0.9.     (2)  Left  valve,  from  same  locality. 

X  3.     Page  142. 

FIG.  3.  Pecten  perlatus,  n.  sp.     Right  valve.     Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.      X  3.     Page  131. 
FIG.  4.  Pecten  sp.     Fragment.     Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua.     X  0.9.     Page  142. 
FIG.  5.  Pecten  pittieri  Dall.     Right  valve.     Yumuri  River,  Cuba.     X  0.9.     Page  135. 
FIGS.  6,  7.  Amusium  antiguense  (Brown).     (6)  Interior.     Hodge's  Bluff,  Antigua.      X  0.9.     (7) 

Left  valve  from  same  locality.      X  0.9.     Page  143. 
FIGS.  8  a,  6.  Pecten  decorus,  n.  sp.    (8a)  Right  valve.    Guajay,  Cuba.     X  0.9.    (86)    Left  valve 

of  same  individual.     X  0.9.     Page  137. 

PLATE  14. 

FIG.  1.  Semelef  sp.     Left  valve.     Willoughby  Bay,  Antigua.      X  0.9.     Page  147. 

FIGS.  2  a,  6.  Metis  trinitaria  Dall.     (2a)     Left  valve.     Near  Santiago  Bay,  Cuba.      X  0.9.     (26) 

Right  valve  of  same  individual.      X  0.9.     Page  148. 

FIG.  3.  Solemya  sulcifera,  n.  sp.    .Type.     Bejucal,  Cuba.      X  0.9.     Page  147. 
FIGS.  4,  5.  Modiolus  (Botuld)  cinnamomeus  Lamarck.     (4)  Right  valve.     Near  Santiago  Bay, 

Cuba.     X  0.9.     (5)  Right  valve  of  another  specimen  from  the  same  locality.     X  0.9. 

Page  145. 


156  DESCRIPTION    OF   PLATES. 

PLATE  14 — continued. 

FIG.  6.  Lithophaoa  nigra  (d'Orbigny).     Dorsal  view.     Friar's  Hill,  Antigua.      X  0.9.     Page  146. 

FIGS.  7  o,  6,  8,  9  a— c.  Myrtceaf  asphaltica,  n.  sp.  (7a)  Left  valve  of  young  individual. 
Bejucal,  Cuba.  X  1.8.  (76)  Exterior  of  same  specimen.  X  3.6.  (8)  Interior  of 
right  valve  from  same  locality.  X  1.8.  (9o)  Right  valve  of  larger  individual  from 
same  locality.  X  0.9.  (96)  Dorsal  view  of  same  specimen.  X  0.9.  (9c)  Left 
valve  of  same  specimen.  X  0.9.  Page  149. 

PLATE  15. 

FIGS.  1  a,  6.  Chione  spenceri,  n.  sp.     (lo)  Right  valve  of  type.     Antigua.      X  1.5.     (16).  Left 

valve  of  same  specimen.      X  1.5.     Page  150. 

FIG.  2.  Phacoides  (Here)  sp.     Right  valve.     Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla.      X  1.5.    'Page  149. 
FIGS.  3  a,  6.  Phacoides  (Miltha)  aff.  P.  hillsboroensis  (Heilprin).     (3a)  Right  valve.     Santiago, 

Cuba.      X  1.     (36)  Left  valve  of  same  specimen.     X  1.     Page  149. 
FIGS.  4  a-c.   Venericardia  globosa,  n.   sp.     (4a)  Interior   of  left   valve.     Colombier   Point,   St. 

Bartholomew.      X  1.5.     (46)  Ventral  view  of  same  specimen.      X  1.5.     (4c)  Exterior 

of  same  specimen.      X  1.5.     Page  151. 

PLATE  16. 

FIGS.  1  a-c.  Liothyrina  vaughani,  n.  sp.  (la)  Ventral  valve.  St.  Jean  Bay,  St.  Bartholo- 
mew. XI.  (16)  Lateral  view  of  same  specimen.  XL  (lc)  Dorsal  view  of  same 
specimen.  X  1.  Page  152. 

FIGS.  2a-c.  Venericardia  vaughani,  n.  sp.  (2a)  Right  valve  of  type.  St.  Bartholomew.  X  1. 
(26)  Anterior  view  of  same  specimen.  X  1.  (2c)  Left  valve  of  same  specimen. 
X  1.  Page  151. 

FIG.  3.  Venericardia  sp.    Fragment  of  left  valve.     St.  Bartholomew.      X  1.     Page  151. 

FIGS.  4  a,  6.  Antigona  caesarina  var.  anguillana,  n.  var.  (4a)  Right  valve  of  type.  Crocus  Bay, 
Anguilla.  X  1.  (46)  Left  valve  of  same  specimen.  X  1.  Page  150. 

FIGS.  5  a-c.  Argyrotheca  datti,  n.  sp.  (5a)  Lateral  view.  Near  Columbier  Point,  St.  Bartholo- 
mew. X  3.33.  (56)  Ventral  view  of  same  specimen.  X  3.33.  (5c)  Dorsal  view 
of  same  specimen.  X  3.33.  Page  152. 


COOKE 


PLATE 


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PLATE  2 


PLATE  3 


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PLATE   4 


9b 


COOKE 


PLATE  5 


lib 


COOKE 


PLATE 


COOKE 


PLATE  7 


COOKE 


PLATE 


10 


COOKE 


PLATE  9 


COOKE 


PLATE  10 


COOKE 


PLATE  11 


12a 


12b 


COOKE 


PLATE  12 


COOKE 


PLATI 


COOKE 


PLATE 


COOKE 


PLATE  15 


COOKE 


PLATE  16 


5b 


V. 

WEST  INDIAN  TERTIARY  DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS, 

BY  MARY  J.  RATHBUN. 


With  nine  plates. 


157 


WEST  INDIAN  TERTIARY  DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS. 


BY  MARY  J.  RATHBUN. 


Hitherto  very  little  has  been  published  on  West  Indian  Tertiary 
decapod  crustaceans.  Two  species  only  have  been  described,  both 
belonging  to  the  genus  Ranina  and  occurring  at  Trinidad. 

The  material  upon  which  this  paper  is  based  comprises  (1)  specimens 
obtained  at  Anguilla  and  St.  Bartholomew  by  Dr.  T.  W.  Vaughan; 
(2)  a  collection  made  about  half  a  century  ago  by  Mr.  W.  M.  Gabb  hi 
Santo  Domingo  and  now  loaned  by  the  Philadelphia  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  at  the  instance  of  Dr.  H.  A.  Pilsbry;  (3)  a  collection 
made  in  the  spring  of  1916  by  Dr.  Carlotta  J.  Maury  and  party  in 
Santo  Domingo  and  transferred  to  the  United  States  National  Museum; 
and  (4)  the  type  specimen  of  Ranina  porifera  Woodward,  probably 
from  the  upper  Eocene,  although  described  from  the  Oligocene  of 
Trinidad,  which  forms  part  of  the  United  States  National  Museum 
collection. 

The  exact  location  of  the  Gabb  specimens  is  not  known.  They  are 
undoubtedly  from  some  point  or  points  in  the  lower  half  of  the  valley 
of  the  Yaqui  del  Norte  River,  which  is  near  the  middle  of  the  northern 
part  of  Haiti,  that  is,  in  Santo  Domingo.  They  were  supposed  to  have 
come  from  the  Oligocene  series,  but  are  now  thought  to  be  lower 
Miocene. 

Dr.  Maury's  expedition  attempted  to  cover  the  same  ground  as  that 
visited  by  Gabb.  Crustaceans  were  found  in  two  spots  and  of  these 
only  one  species  was  taken  also  by  Gabb.  Aside  from  Petrochirus 
inequalis  from  the  Amina  River,  the  specimens  came  from  "  Bluff  No. 
3,"  which  is  near  Cercado,  on  the  Mao  River,  one  of  the  southern 
tributaries  of  the  Yaqui  River. 

The  bluff,  according  to  Dr.  Maury,  is  several  hundred  feet  high,  but 
the  specimens  were  all  obtained  fairly  near  the  base,  not  more  than  30 
to  50  feet  above  the  river.  The  horizon  is  thought  by  Dr.  Vaughan  to 
be  lower  Miocene,  but  may  be  upper  Oligocene.  The  specimens  were 
almost  entirely  fingers  or  other  small  fragments  to  many  of  which  it  is 
inadvisable  to  assign  even  a  generic  name. 

No  species  is  common  to  the  Vaughan  and  Santo  Domingo  collec- 
tions, and  the  only  genus  represented  in  both  is  Callianassa.  On  the 
other  hand,  Callinectes  declivis  has  been  found  in  Costa  Rica  as  well  as 
Santo  Domingo  and  is  described  in  my  bulletin  on  Panama  fossils.1 

.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  103,  p.  162,  pi.  66,  figs.  1-3,  1918. 
159 


160     GEOLOGY    AND    PALEONTOLOGY    OF   THE    WEST    INDIES. 

Two  of  the  Santo  Domingan  species  are  thought  to  be  the  same  as 
Recent  species,  viz,  Calappa  flammea  and  Cycloes  bairdii,  the  first 
also  from  the  Pleistocene  of  Panama,  as  noted  in  the  above-men- 
tioned bulletin. 

LIST  OF  WEST  INDIAN  TERTIARY  DECAPODA. 

Family  Cragonidae,  gen.  and  sp.  indet.,  Santo  Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Maury). 
Family  Eryonidse.  gen.  and  sp.  indet.,  Santo  Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Maury). 
Callianassa  anguillensis,  n.  sp.,  Anguilla,  Oligocene  (Vaughan). 

latidigita,  n.  sp.,  Santo  Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Maury). 

pellucida,  n.  sp.,  Anguilla,  Oligocene  (Vaughan). 

miocenica,  n.  sp.,  Santo  Domingo,  probably  lower  Miocene  (Gabb). 
Family  Paguridae,  gen.  and  sp.  indet.,  Santo  Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Maury). 
Petrpchirus  inequaBs,  n.  sp.,  Santo  Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Maury). 
Ranina  porifera  Woodward,  Trinidad,  probably  upper  Eocene. 

cuspidata  Guppy,  Trinidad,  "lower  Miocene." 
Lyreidus  fastigatus,  n.  sp.,  Anguilla,  Oligocene  (Vaughan). 
Calappa  flammea  (Herbst),  Santo  Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Maury). 
Calappella  (?)  sp.,  Santo  Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Maury). 
Cycloes  bairdii  Stimpson,  Santo  Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Maury). 
Persephona  prepunctata,  n.  sp.,  Santo  Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Maury). 
Scylla  costata,  n.  sp.,  Santo  Domingo,  probably  lower  Miocene  (Gabb). 
Portunus  gabbi,  n.  sp.,  Santo  Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Gabb  and  Maury). 
Portunus  tenuis,  n.  sp.,  Santo  Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Maury). 
Portunus,  sp.  indet.,  Santo  Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Maury). 
Callinectes  declivis  Rathbun,  Santo  Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Maury). 
Callinectes,  sp.  indet.,  Santo  Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Maury). 

Podophthalmus  domingensis,  n.  sp.,  Santo  Domingo,  probably  lower  Miocene  (Gabb). 
Zanthopsis  bartolomseensis,  n.  sp.,  St.  Bartholomew,  Eocene  (Vaughan). 
Pilumnus  subequus,  n.  sp.,  Santo  Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Maury). 
Archaeopilumnus  caelatus,  gen.  and  sp.  new,  Santo  Domingo,  probably  lower  Miocene  (Gabb) . 
Panopeus,  sp.  indet.,  Santo  Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Maury). 
Family  Xanthidae,  gen.  and  sp.  indet.,  Santo  Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Maury). 
Sandomingia  yaquiensis,  gen.  and  sp.  new,  Santo  Domingo,  probably  lower  Miocene  (Gabb). 
Parthenope  (Platylambrus)  obscura,  n.  sp.,  Santo  Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Maury). 
Parthenope,  sp.  indet.,  Santo  Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Maury). 
Mesorhoea  mauryae,  n.  sp.,  Santo' Domingo,  lower  Miocene  (Maury). 


TERTIARY  DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS.  161 

NOTES  ON  THE  GENERA  REPRESENTED. 

The  genus  Callianassa1  ranges  from  the  Jurassic  era  to  the  present 
day  and  contains  very  numerous  species,  fossil2  and  Recent,  distributed 
in  both  hemispheres. 

Petrochirus*  occurs  in  the  waters  on  both  sides  of  tropical  America, 
and  in  the  upper  Tertiary  of  Panama. 

Ranina*  is  known  from  more  than  a  dozen  species  distributed  from 
the  Cretaceous  to  Recent,  the  fossil  forms5  ranging  from  central  Europe 
to  Japan,  and  occurring  isolated  in  Trinidad.  Only  one  species  is  now 
living  and  that  is  confined  to  the  Indo-Pacific  region. 

Lyreidus6  has  been  found  in  the  Tertiary  of  Piedmont,  Italy.  Of  its 
Recent  species,  one  (L.  bairdii)7  inhabits  deep  water  off  the  Atlantic 
and  Gulf  coasts  of  North  America,  while  three  others  (L.  tridentatus* 
L.  elongatus,g  and  L.  channeri™)  represent  the  Indo-Pacific  region,  the 
latter  inhabiting  the  Indian  Ocean  at  a  depth  of  200  to  400  fathoms. 

Calappa11  has  a  range  from  Eocene  to  Recent  (Zittel) . 

Calappella12  Rathbun  is  known  from  the  Oligocene  of  Panama. 

Cycloes™  up  to  now  known  only  as  Recent  on  both  sides  of  the  Ameri- 
can continent,  the  Bermudas,  and  the  Indo-Pacific. 

Persephona1*  hitherto  recorded  from  the  post-Tertiary  of  Celebes15 
(as  Myra)  and  widely  distributed  in  the  warmer  waters  of  the  globe. 

Scylla™  a  genus  of  swimming  crabs,  is  known  at  the  present  tune 
from  one  living  species  only,  which  is  widely  distributed  throughout 
the  Indo-Pacific  region.  This  species  has  also  been  found  fossil  on  the 
coasts  of  Asia  between  the  Red  Sea  and  Japan,  and  in  the  Philippines; 
also  in  the  island  of  Malta,  at  which  place  it  is  reported  from  the 
Oligocene  or  older  Miocene.  A  second  species,  S.  michelini,11  occurs  in 
the  Miocene  of  Anjou. 

Portunus  Weber18  (  =  Neptunus  de  Haan19),  a  comprehensive  genus, 
makes  its  appearance  in  the  Eocene  and  is  represented  in  the  recent 
fauna  also  by  numerous  species  in  all  temperate  and  tropical  seas. 

1  Leach,  Edin.  Encyc.,  vol.  7,  p.  400,  1814. 

2  See  Bohm,  Monatsber.  deutsch.  geol.  Gesell.,  vol.  63,  pp.  42-46,  1911. 

3  Stimpson,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philadelphia,  vol.  10,  p.  233  [71],  1858. 

4  Lamarck,  Syst.  Anim.  sans  Vert.,  p.  156,  1801. 

6  See  Woodward,  Quart.  Jour.  Geol.  Soc.  London,  vol.  22,  p.  591,  1866. 

6  De  Haan,  Fauna  Japon.,  Crust.,  p.  138,  1841. 

7  Smith,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  vol.  3,  p.  420,  1881. 

8  De  Haan,  Fauna  Japon.,  Crust.,  p.  140,  plate  35,  fig.  6,  1841. 

9  Miers,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London,  p.  46,  1879. 

10  Wood-Mason,  Proc.  Asiat.  Soc.  Bengal,  Aug.  1885  (issued  Nov.  2,  1885),  p.  104. 

11  Weber,  Nomenclator  entomologicus,  p.  92,  1795. 

12  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  103,  p.  157,  1918. 

13  De  Haan,  Fauna  Japon.,  Crust.,  pp.  67  and  68,  1837. 

14  Leach,  Zool.  Misc.,  vol.  3,  pp.  18  and  22,  1817. 

15  De  Man,  Samml.  Geol.  Reichs-Mus.  Leiden,  ser.  1,  vol.  7,  p.  276,  1904. 

16  De  Haan,  Fauna  Japon.,  Crust.,  pp.  3  and  11,  1833. 

17  A.  Milne-Edwards,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  ser.  4,  vol.  14,  p.  136,  plate  3,  figs.  3,  3a,  1861. 

18  Nomenclator  entomologicus,  p.  93,  1795. 

19  Fauna  Japon.,  Crust.,  pp.  3  and  7,  1833. 


162      GEOLOGY    AND   PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE   WEST   INDIES. 

Callinectes,1  the  genus  of  our  common  edible  blue  crab,  i8  abundant 
in  America  and  West  Africa,  rarer  in  the  Indo-Pacific,  and  has  been 
found  fossil  in  the  Virginia  Miocene. 

Recent  Podophthalmus2  inhabit  the  Indo-Pacific  region  and  one  of 
the  two  living  species  occurs  also  in  the  post-Tertiary  of  Celebes  and 
Java.  Other  fossil  species  placed  in  this  genus  have  been  later  removed 
to  different  genera. 

Zanthopsis3  is  wholly  a  fossil  genus  and  contains  various  species, 
beginning  in  the  Cretaceous  and  distributed  in  Europe  and  Brazil. 

Pilumnus*  is  a  Recent  genus  containing  about  150  species  and 
flourishes  in  nearly  all  temperate  and  tropical  waters.  It  has  not 
before  been  reported  as  fossil. 

The  new  genus  Archceopilumnus  is  a  near  relative  of  Pilumnus. 

Panopeus*  is  said  to  occur  from  the  Cretaceous  to  the  present  day. 
It  is  the  principal  genus  of  the  mud  crabs  of  our  coasts,  and  occurs 
rarely  in  the  eastern  Atlantic. 

The  genus  Sandomingia  is  erected  for  a  form  allied  to  the  fiddler 
crabs  (Uca  =  Gelasimus)  which  to-day  have  an  almost  world-wide 
distribution,  especially  in  warmer  regions,  and  are  also  found  fossil  in 
southern  Asia. 

Parthenope*  (  =  Lambrus7)  is  a  genus  widely  distributed  in  the  sea, 
and  dates  from  the  Eocene. 

Mesorhcea*  is  rare  in  middle  America  and  has  not  before  been  found 
fossil. 

NOTES  ON  THOSE  FAMILIES  REPRESENTED  BY  MATERIAL  FOR 
WHICH  IT  IS  IMPOSSIBLE  TO  DESIGNATE  A  GENUS. 

The  Cragonidse  originate  in  the  Jurassic  and  are  very  abundant  to- 
day. The  telson  described  below  is  characteristic  of  the  family,  but 
of  no  one  genus  known. 

The  Eryonidae  are  among  the  oldest  decapods,  going  back  to  the 
Triassic.  The  West  Indian  specimen  has  the  curious  curved  and  bent 
form  of  the  ischium  of  the  large  cheliped  in  that  family. 

RELATIONS  OF  THE  WEST  INDIAN  FAUNA. 

The  greater  number  of  the  genera  and  families  represented  in  the 
West  Indian  Tertiary  fauna  have  to-day  a  wide  distribution,  as  also 
have  the  genera  most  closely  akin  to  the  new  or  purely  fossil  genera,  as 
Calappella,  Archceopilumnus ,  Sandomingia,  and  Zanthopsis.  A  few 

1  Stimpson,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  New  York,  vol.  7,  p.  220,  1860. 

'Lamarck,  Syst.  Anim.  sans  Vert.,  p.  152,  1801. 

»  M'Coy,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  ser.  2,  vol.  4,  p.  162,  1849. 

4  Leach,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  London,  vol.  11,  pp.  309  and  321,  1815. 

8  Milne-Edwards,  Hist.  Nat.  Crust.,  vol.  1,  p.  403,  1834. 

8  Weber,  Nomenclator  entomologicus,  p.  92,  1795. 

7  Leach,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  London,  vol.  11,  pp.  308  and  310,  1815. 

3  Stimpson,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  vol.  2,  p.  135,  1871. 


TERTIARY  DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS.  163 

other  genera  are  distinctively  American,  viz,  Petrochirus,  Panopeus 
(rarely  eastern  Atlantic),  and  Mesorhcea.  Otherwise  the  West  Indian 
fossil  decapods  have  a  strong  affinity  with  the  present  Indo-Pacific 
fauna,  as  evidenced  by  Ranina,  Scylla  (both  Recent  Indo-Pacific 
genera  but  fossil  in  Europe), Podophthalmus  (wholly  Indo-Pacific), and 
Lyreidus  (typically  and  chiefly  Indo-Pacific,  partly  western  Atlantic, 
and  fossil  in  Europe).  Moreover,  Portunus  gabbi,  described  below,  is 
related  to  recent  Indo-Pacific  species  more  than  to  those  now  living  in 
the  West  Indies. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  MATERIAL. 

Order  DECAPODA. 
Suborder  NATANTIA. 

Tribe  CARIDES. 
Superfamily  CRAGONOIDA. 

Family  CRAGONm^E. 

Genus  and  species  indeterminable. 

(Plate  9,  Figure  3.) 

Material. — The  telson  of  a  single  specimen,  from  the  Yaqui  Valley 
at  Cercado  de  Mao  (Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo;  lower  Miocene;  C.  J. 
Maury,  collector;  1916. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  specimen: 

Telson  high,  narrow,  horizontal;  tapering  for  its  proximal  half,  then  the 
sides  parallel,  tip  broken  off.  On  either  side  a  deep  groove  running  the 
whole  length;  above,  three  ridges  separated  for  the  basal  third  by  two  deep 
grooves;  not  far  from  the  base  a  fine  groove  begins  on  the  median  ridge  and 
is  continued  nearly  to  the  tip;  it  divides  this  ridge  in  two,  each  half  further 
on  uniting  with  the  submedian  ridge  of  its  side;  on  the  outer  side  of  each 
submedian  ridge  near  its  base  there  is  a  short  ridge,  partly  visible  in  dorsal  view. 
Below,  the  telson  is  broadly  and  deeply  concave,  the  concavity  narrowing 
along  the  middle.  All  the  ridges  are  smoothly  rounded. 

Relationship. — This  specimen  is  not  referable  to  any  known  genus, 
as,  while  the  general  appearance  is  that  of  a  cragonid,  the  grooves  of 
the  telson  are  much  deeper  than  in  any  of  the  living  forms. 

Suborder  REPTANTIA. 

Tribe  PALINURA. 
Superfamily  ERYONIDEA. 

Family  ERYONIDJE. 

Genus  and  species  indeterminable. 

(Plate  9,  Figure  4.) 

Material. — A  fragment,  representing  seemingly  the  greater  part  of 
the  ischium  of  the  right  cheliped  of  the  first  pair,  from  the  Yaqui 
Valley  at  Cercado  de  Mao  (Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo;  lower  Miocene; 
C.  J.  Maury,  collector;  1916. 


164      GEOLOGY   AND    PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST   INDIES. 

Description. — This  piece  has  the  typical  Eryonid  form  of  the  ischium 
of  the  first  cheliped,  that  is,  it  is  much  flattened,  distally  widened,  and 
proximally  curved.  While  the  segment  is  commonly  unarmed,  the 
fossil  joint  has  a  row  of  irregular  and  immovable  spines  along  its  inner 
margin;  it  has  also  numerous  scattered  puncta?  arranged  partially 
in  lines. 

Tribe  ANOMURA. 
Superfamily  THALASSINIDEA. 

Family  CALLIANASSID^. 
Genus  CALLIANASSA  Leach,  1814. 

Callianassa  anguillensis,  new  species. 
(Plate  1,  Figures  1  to  7.) 

Type  locality. — Anguilla:  Crocus  Bay,  southwestern  shore;  from 
lowest  10  to  15  feet  of  fossiliferous  marls;  Anguilla  formation;  Oligocene 
series;  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collector;  March  7,  1914;  6965;  L.  I.  100  a 
(1914). 

Holotype. — One  right  manus  and  base  of  immovable  finger.  Cat. 
No.  166941,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

Additional  material. — One  right  manus  (paratype  a)  and  a  separate 
piece  of  a  finger  (paratype  b)  from  southwestern  side  of  Crocus  Bay, 
Anguilk;  30  to  50  feet  above  sea-level;  Anguilla  formation;  T.  W. 
Vaughan,  collector;  March  4,  1914;  6966;  L.  I.  100  b  (1914).  Cat. 
No.  166942,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

A  right  (paratype  c)  and  a  left  manus  (paratype  d)  and  a  piece  of  a 
finger  (paratype  e),  3  specimens  in  all,  from  southwestern  side  of 
Crocus  Bay,  Anguilla;  Anguilla  formation;  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collector, 
March  1914;  6894;  L.  I.  100  (1914).  Cat.  No.  166943,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  the  holotype : 

The  specimen  is  embedded  in  the  rock  so  that  the  lower  half  of  the  outer 
surface  is  exposed  and  a  portion  of  the  upper  margin.  Length  through  middle 
of  palm,  18.6  mm.,  width  at  posterior  third,  16  mm.  Lower  margin  a  thin, 
raised  rim  set  off  by  a  groove.  Inside  and  a  little  below  the  rim  may  be  seen  a 
row  of  rather  large  sockets  opening  distally.  The  margin  is  sinuous,  deepest 
near  the  proximal  third,  whence  it  rounds  convexly  upwards  toward  the  wrist 
and  forms  a  gently  sinuous  curve  to  the  base  of  the  fixed  finger.  The  surface 
of  the  palm  is  partially  covered  with  blister  granules,  which  are  large  just 
behind  the  finger  and  get  smaller,  lower,  and  fewer  toward  the  proximal  end; 
they  are  separated  by  a  narrow,  smooth  area  from  a  few  granules  on  the 
distal  margin  along  the  cavity  separating  the  fingers.  Among  the  granules 
there  are  a  few  punctae  or  sockets  of  which  8  widely  spaced  ones  form  a  row 
above  the  lower  margin.  The  marginal  rim  soon  fades  out  on  the  finger;  the 
upper  border  of  the  finger  is  edged  with  flattened  granules.  The  surface  is 
chalky  white.  The  white  layer  is  broken  off  of  the  upper  marginal  portion  of 
the  palm;  the  surface  thus  exposed  is  blunt  and  transversely  rugose,  and  on  the 
inner  side  just  below  the  margin  and  3.7  mm.  from  the  distal  end  there  is  a 
curved  tubercle,  pointing  forward;  also  in  the  same  line  a  spine  at  the  distal 
extremity. 


TERTIARY  DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS.  165 

The  following  is  a  description  of  the  paratypes: 

Paratype  a,  right  manus,  No.  6966.  This  is  free  from  the  matrix  and  is 
much  worn  and  incomplete  at  the  ends,  width  at  posterior  third,  17.4  mm.  It 
agrees  with  the  holotype  as  far  as  the  characters  are  preserved.  The  shape  is 
similar,  also  the  thin  lower  edge  with  a  row  of  sockets  just  inside,  the  granula- 
tion of  the  lower  part  of  the  outer  surface,  and  the  single  tubercle  just  below 
and  within  the  upper  margin,  and,  in  this  instance,  5  mm.  behind  the  distal  end. 

Paratype  b,  finger,  No.  6966.  Lacks  the  tip  and  proximal  end  and  is 
embedded  in  rock  with  its  concave  surface  uppermost.  Chalky  white.  Cross- 
section  triangulate. 

Paratypes  c  and  d,  right  and  left  manus,  No.  6894.  These  specimens  are 
too  bruised  to  refer  definitely  to  any  species.  They  have  the  general  shape  of 
the  holotype  of  C.  anguillensis.  The  left  manus  has  the  thin  lower  and  the 
thick  rounded  upper  margin,  the  latter  with  the  submarginal  tubercle  distal 
to  the  middle,  but  not  so  near  the  forward  end  as  in  the  holotype;  it  lacks 
details  of  granulation,  sockets,  etc.  The  right  manus  is  even  less  adequately 
preserved. 

Paratype  e,  finger,  No.  6894.  The  distal  portion  of  a  finger  embedded  in 
rock,  with  convex  surface  partly  exposed,  should  probably  be  referred  here. 

Callianassa  latidigita,  new  species. 
(Plate  9,  Figures  10  and  11.) 

Type  locality.— The  Yaqui  Valley  at  Cercado  de  Mao  (Bluff  3), 
Santo  Domingo;  lower  Miocene;  C.  J.  Maury,  collector;  1916. 

Material. — A  movable  and  an  immovable  finger  of  the  left  chela; 
the  latter  is  the  holotype.  Cat.  No.  324470,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

This  species  has  granulation  on  the  palm  at  the  base  of  the  immov- 
able finger  similar  to  that  in  C.  anguillensis  (compare  plate  1,  fig.  1, 
with  plate  9,  fig.  11) ;  the  finger  itself  is,  however,  broader  at  base  and 
is  subtriangular,  while  the  finger  of  anguillensis  tapers  very  gradually 
at  base.  The  inferior,  marginal  rim  is  continued  further  toward  the 
tip  in  the  Cercado  specimen,  while  the  upper  edge  is  furnished  near 
the  base  with  two  shallow  lobes  which  are  lacking  in  anguillensis. 
The  dactylus  has  the  same  general  shape  in  the  two  forms,  but  both 
specimens  are  too  incomplete  for  close  comparison. 

Callianassa  pellucida,  new  species. 
(Plate  1,  Figures  8  to  13.) 

Type  locality. — Anguilla:  Crocus  Bay,  from  bluff  on  southwestern 
side;  uppermost  horizon,  125  feet  above  sea-level;  Anguilla  formation; 
Oligocene  series;  T.  W.  Vaughan,  collector;  March  4,  1914;  6967;  L.  I. 
100  c  (1914).  One  left  movable  finger  (holotype) ;  a  portion  of  each  of 
two  right  palms  of  very  different  sizes  (paratypes). 

Holotype  and  paratypes. — Cat.  No.  166944,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  the  holotype: 

The  shape  of  the  entire  finger  is  shown,  but  the  outer  layer  is  almost  all 
lacking.  Upper  margin  arched,  tip  acute  and  strongly  bent  down;  lower 
margin  straight  except  near  the  tip  and  at  the  proximal  end,  where  it  is  hoi- 


166      GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLQGY  OF  THE  WEST   INDIES. 

lowed  out  in  a  broad,  shallow  sinus.  The  general  shape  is  subcylindrical,  dis- 
tally  tapering,  but  the  lower  edge  of  the  outer  surface  is  acute.  There  are  a 
few  scattered  granules  or  small  tubercles,  but  it  is  impossible  to  tell  how  much 
these  affected  the  outer  shell :  on  the  outer  surface  above  the  lower  edge  there 
is  a  row  of  4  distant  granules;  4  near  the  proximal  end  of  the  upper  surface, 
and  1  near  the  distal  end;  1  on  the  inner  surface  behind  the  middle. 
Length,  20.4  mm.;  greatest  width,  5.3  mm.;  thickness,  4.1  mm. 

The  two  palms  (paratypes)  are  too  incomplete  to  show  their  propor- 
tions. The  lower  edge  is  thin,  translucent  (to  which  the  specific  name 
alludes),  in  the  larger  specimen  (paratype  a)  slightly  sinuous,  that  is, 
rounded  up  at  the  proximal  end  and  bending  down  toward  the  fingers ; 
below  the  true  edge  of  the  palm  project  the  bases  of  sockets  ranged  in 
a  row  on  the  inner  surface;  there  are  about  17  of  these  sockets  in  the 
larger  specimen.  The  cross-section  at  the  base  of  the  finger  has  the 
shape  of  a  diamond  very  elongate  below  the  angles  (plate  1,  fig  10). 

Callianassa  miocenica,  new  species. 
(Plate  2,  Figures  1  to  6.) 

Type  locality. — Lower  half  of  the  valley  of  the  Yaqui  del  Norte 
River,  in  the  northern  part  of  Santo  Domingo,  Haiti;  probably  lower 
Miocene;  W.  M.  Gabb,  collector. 

Holotype. — Left  manus  of  large  cheliped.  Cat.  No.  2264,  Mus. 
Phila.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 

Measurements. — Length  of  manus  measured  from  sinus  between 
fingers,  21.2;  width  of  manus  near  proximal  end,  17.4;  width  of  manus 
near  distal  end,  15.2;  greatest  thickness  of  manus,  7  mm. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  the  left  manus  of  this  species : 

The  upper  margin  is  straight  and  at  right  angles  to  the  proximal  end,  while 
the  lower  margin  is  slightly  convex  and  oblique,  being  inclined  upward  toward 
the  distal  end  and  inward  toward  the  proximal  end.  Outer  surface  very  convex 
from  top  to  bottom,  but  from  end  to  end  flat  in  the  middle  and  bent  inward  at 
the  ends.  On  the  outer  surface  are  3  large  pits  far  apart  in  a  line  below  the 
middle;  the  pits  increase  in  size  distally,  the  largest  one  being  near  the  articu- 
lation of  the  dactylus;  one  pit  higher  up  and  midway  of  the  length  of  the  seg- 
ment. Upper  margin  subacute  in  its  proximal  two-thirds;  lower  margin 
broken  away.  Inner  surface  uneven,  concave  in  the  lower  distal  portion; 
surface  covered  with  small  pits,  visible  without  a  lens,  scanty  near  the  distal 
end.  Here  there  is  a  transverse  curved  line  (concave  forward)  of  8  granules, 
just  below  the  middle;  the  margin  overlapping  the  dactylus  is  bordered  with 
15  tuberculiform  teeth,  the  lowermost  of  which  is  the  largest  and  much  swollen 
and  lies  below  the  dactylus.  Ten  similar  small  teeth  are  visible  on  the  distal 
end  of  the  outer  surface.  Near  the  upper  edge  are  2  rows  of  large  pits;  one 
row  consists  of  5  pits  and  is  wholly  on  the  inner  surface,  bending  downward 
distally;  the  other  row  shows  3  pits  in  a  straight  line  which  is  slightly  oblique. 

Relationships. — From  C.  anguillensis  this  species  differs  in  the 
smooth  (non-granulate)  surface  of  the  manus;  from  C.  pellucida  in  the 
straighter  (viewed  from  below  only)  lower  edge  of  the  manus. 


TERTIARY    DECAPOD    CRUSTACEANS.  167 

Superfamily  PAGURIDEA. 

Family  PAGURTD^). 

Genus  and  species  indeterminable. 

(Plate  9,  Figures  6  and  7.) 

Material. — Dactylus  of  left  cheliped,  from  the  Yaqui  Valley  at 
Cercado  de  Mao  (Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo;  lower  Miocene;  C.  J. 
Maury,  collector;  1916. 

Description. — The  upper  surface  of  the  dactylus  is  rounded  from  side  to 
side,  while  the  lower  surface  is  narrower  and  flat  and  the  inner  surface  oblique 
and  sinuous  (from  end  to  end) ,  the  two  surfaces  separated  by  a  line  of  tuber- 
cles. Upper  surface  covered  with  unequal  granules,  except  near  the  pre- 
hensile edge;  thick  outer  edge  also  granulate;  a  few  granules  on  flat  surface; 
oblique  surface  smooth.  Eight  prehensile  teeth  with  brown  tips;  a  shallow 
sinus  near  proximal  end  of  margin.  Tip  of  finger  broken  off,  but  there  is  no 
evidence  that  the  finger  is  excavated  at  the  tip. 

While  this  is  a  left  dactylus,  it  is  not  clear  whether  it  belongs  to  a 
major  or  a  minor  cheliped. 

Genus  PETROCHIRUS  Stimpson,  1858. 

Petrochirus  inequalis,  new  species. 

(Plate  9,  Figures  13  to  15.) 

Type  locality. — The  Amina  River,  Yaqui  Valley,  Santo  Domingo; 
lower  Miocene;  C.  J.  Maury,  collector;  May  22,  1916. 

Material. — A  pair  of  chelae  partially  embedded.  Cat.  No.  324467, 
U.  S.  N.  M. 

Description. — The  proximal  end  of  both  palms  is  lacking.  The  chelae  are 
very  unequal,  a  similar  cross-section  of  the  palm  of  each  showing  that  the 
width  of  the  palm  is  two-thirds  as  great  in  the  smaller  as  in  the  larger  chela, 
while  the  inequality  in  the  thickness  of  the  two  may  be  even  more.  Fingers 
of  large  chela  broad  at  base,  tapering  gradually  toward  the  tips,  excepting 
that  the  dactylus  has  on  its  outer  margin  a  sinus  distad  of  the  middle;  measured 
on  the  prehensile  edge,  the  dactylus  is  over  twice  as  long  as  basal  width, 
while  the  immovable  finger  is  less  than  twice  as  long  as  basal  width.  The 
tip  of  the  dactylus  folds  under  the  immovable  finger  and  is  apparently  not  so 
long.  Fingers  blunt-pointed.  Most  of  the  tubercles  of  the  fingers  are  broken 
off,  leaving  the  tessellated  background  formed  by  their  crowded,  many-sided 
bases.  The  tubercles  which  remain,  especially  those  on  the  underside  of  the 
palm,  trend  slightly  distad,  each  surrounded  anteriorly  by  a  few  small  tuber- 
cles, and  the  larger  ones  separated  from  one  another  by  tubercles  of  medium 
size.  Tubercles  conical,  tip  subacute,  defined  by  a  line  from  the  basal  portion 
and  easily  broken  off. 

The  fingers  of  the  small  chela  as  they  stand  scarcely  reach  beyond  the 
proximal  third  of  the  large  dactylus,  but  the  chelae  may  not  be  in  their  true 
relative  position.  The  tubercles  are  similar  to,  but  lower  than,  those  of  the 
larger  chela. 

Relationships. — This  species  has  a  smaller  left  chela  than  any  Petro- 
chirus yet  described.  The  fingers  of  the  right  chela  are  exceptionally 


168      GEOLOGY    AND    PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST   INDIES. 

long.  In  its  ornamentation  it  is  nearest  P.  californiensis  Bouvier1 
(Lower  California  to  Ecuador),  but  in  that  species  the  tubercles  have 
broadly  rounded  knobs  at  the  summit,  instead  of  pointed  tips  as  in 
P.  inequalis. 

Tribe  BRACHYURA. 
Subtribe  OXYSTOMATA. 

Family  RANINTDJL 

Genus  RANINA  Lamarck,  1801. 

Ranina  porif era  Woodward. 

Ranina  porifera  Woodward,  in  Guppy,  Quart.  Jour.  Geol.  Soc.  London,  vol.  22,  p.  572,  plate 
26,  fig.  18,  1866;  Quart.  Jour.  Geol.  Soc.  London,  vol.  22,  p.  591,  1866. 

Type  locality. — Trinidad;  San  Fernando  beds;  geologic  age  not 
positively  known,  probably  upper  Eocene. 
Holotype. — Carapace  without  appendages.    Cat.  No.  115405,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

Ranina  cuspidata  Guppy. 

Ranina  cuspidata  Guppy,  Bull.  Agri.  Dept.  Trinidad,  p.  5,  plate,  fig.  1,  1909;  Agricultural 
Society  of  Trinidad  and  Tobago,  Paper  No.  440,  p.  14,  1911. 

Type  locality. — Trinidad;  Machipur, near  Montserrat, in  the  Tamana 
district;  "lower  Miocene". 

Genus  LYREIDUS  de  Haan,  1841. 

Lyreidus  f astigatus,  new  species. 

(Plate  3;  Figure  1.) 

Type  locality. — Anguilla:  Crocus  Bay,  southwestern  side;  30  to  50 
feet  above  sea-level;  Anguilla  formation;  Oligocene  series;  T.  W. 
Vaughan,  collector;  March  4,  1914;  6966;  L.  I.  100  b  (1914). 

Holotype.— Carpus  joint  of  left  cheliped.    Cat.  No.  166940,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

The  carpus  is  suboblong,  about  11.6  mm.  long  by  5.6  mm.  wide.  The 
surface  is  crossed  transversely  by  fine  rugae.  A  blunt  ridge  runs  longitudinally 
through  the  middle,  following  the  axis  of  the  segment,  that  is,  slightly  curved, 
the  concavity  of  the  curve  facing  the  left  or  outer  side;  this  ridge  is  inter- 
rupted at  its  distal  end  by  a  tubercle.  On  the  inner  margin  at  about  its  middle 
there  is  a  slender,  curved  spine  standing  well  out  from  the  segment;  further 
back  at  about  the  posterior  fourth  there  is  a  smaller  spine,  broken  off  at  its 
base.  Near  the  posterior  end  of  the  left  side  of  the  dorsal  surface  there  is  a 
tubercle,  or,  it  may  be,  a  spine,  the  top  being  broken  off.  It  is  difficult  to  say 
anything  further  of  the  details,  as  the  margin  is  considerably  obscured;  the 
segment  appears  to  be  strongly  produced  at  its  inner  distal  angle,  and  the 
adjacent  inner  margin  shows  a  small  tooth. 

Other  species  of  the  genus. — Crema2  has  described  a  Lyreidus,  L 
paronce,  from  the  Tertiary  of  Piedmont.    He  had,  however,  no  part  of 
the  chelipeds. 

1  Bull.  Mua.  Hist.  Nat.,  Paris,  p.  6,  1895. 

8  Atti  R.  Accad.  Sci.  Torino,  vol.  30,  p.  671,  plate,  fig.  11  (carapace),  1895. 


TERTIARY    DECAPOD   CRUSTACEANS.  169 

Of  recent  species  of  Lyreidus,  one,  L.  bairdii  Smith1  has  been  found 
in  deep  water  off  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  of  the  United  States. 
Its  carpus  is  less  elongate  and  lacks  the  longitudinal  ridge  present  in 
our  fossil  form;  the  principal  spine  of  the  inner  margin  is  also  further 
forward. 

Family  CALAPPID-ffi. 

Genus  CALAPPA  Weber,  1795. 

Calappa  flammea  (Herbst). 

Cancer  flammeus  Herbst,  Natur.  Krabben  u.  Krebse,  vol.  2,  plate  40,  fig.  2,  1794;  vol.  3,  pt. 
3,  p.  19,  1803. 

Material. — Three  dactyls  of  right  or  major  chelae;  also  a  specimen 
showing  the  proximal  half  of  both  fingers  of  the  right  chela  and  their 
attachment  to  each  other.  From  the  Yaqui  Valley  at  Cercado  de  Mao 
(Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo;  lower  Miocene;  C.  J.  Maury,  collector;  1916. 

Range. — Recent  specimens  range  from  North  Carolina,  or  occasion- 
ally farther  north,  to  Colombia  and  Venezuela;  also  at  Bermudas  and 
Cape  of  Good  Hope.  Fossil  fingers  have  been  taken  in  the  Pleistocene 
of  Panama. 

Genus  CALAPPELLA  Rathbun,  1918. 

Calappella  (?),  species. 
(Plate  9,  Figure  12.) 

Material. — A  piece  of  the  right  manus  and  4  loose  spines,  from  the 
Yaqui  Valley  at  Cercado  de  Mao  (Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo;  lower 
Miocene;  C.  J.  Maury,  collector;  1916. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

The  specimen  figured  is  a  fragment  showing  a  portion  of  the  outer  and  of  the 
under  surface  broken  from  the  middle  of  the  right  manus  of  a  species  allied  to 
Calappa.  The  specimen  is  rather  closely  granulated  except  above,  and  bears 
two  tubercles,  the  larger  and  more  distad  conical,  the  smaller  one  more  obtuse 
at  end.  Four  single,  elongate-conical,  slightly  curved  spines,  from  3  to  4.5 
mm.  long,  are  thought  to  belong  to  the  same  species;  two  of  the  spines  belong 
at  an  articulation,  probably  at  the  lower  distal  angle  of  the  merus  of  the 
chelipeds  (right  and  left);  another  spine  appears  to  have  come  from  the 
proximal  end  of  the  manus. 

Relationship. — The  genus  Calappella  was  erected  for  a  species  from 
the  Oligocene  of  Panama.  The  type  specimen  shows  only  the  carapace, 
which  is  armed  with  elongate,  curved  spines.  On  account  of  the  spines 
the  Santo  Domingan  fragments  are  referred  tentatively  to  the  same 
genus. 

Genus  CYCLOES  de  Haan,  1837. 
Cycloes  bairdii  Stimpson. 

(Plate  9,  Figure  8.) 
Cyclois  bairdii  Stimpson,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  New  York,  vol.  7,  p.  237,  1860. 

Material. — The  lower  distal  portion  of  the  outer  surface  of  the  left 
or  secondary  manus,  with  propodal  finger.  So  far  as  can  be  judged 

1  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  vol.  3,  p.  420,  1880. 


170      GEOLOGY    AND    PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST   INDIES. 

from  this  small  fragment,  it  is  the  same  as  Recent  specimens.  From 
the  Yaqui  Valley  at  Cercado  de  Mao  (Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo;  lower 
Miocene;  C.  J.  Maury,  collector;  1916. 

Range. — Recent  specimens  range  from  Bahamas  and  west  Florida 
to  the  West  Indies;  also  Cape  St.  Lucas,  Lower  California,  to  Panama. 

Family  LEUCOSIID^;. 
Genus  PERSEPHONA  Leach,  1817. 

Persephona  prepunctata,  new  species. 
(Plate  9,  Figure  5.) 

Type  locality.— The  Yaqui  Valley  at  Cercado  de  Mao  (Bluff  3), 
Santo  Domingo;  lower  Miocene;  C.  J.  Maury,  collector;  1916. 

Material. — About  30  arm-joints,  mostly  incomplete.  One  of  the 
best  is  made  the  holotype  (Cat.  No.  324425,  U.  S.  N.  M.). 

Relationships. — In  shape  these  specimens  approach  the  correspond- 
ing segments  of  P.  punctata  (Linnaeus)1  but  the  granules  are  much 
more  numerous  and  crowded  than  in  punctata,  resembling  more  those 
of  P.  townsendi  (Rathbun),2  from  the  west  coast  of  tropical  America. 

Subtribe  BRACHYGNATHA. 
Superfamily  BRACHYRHYNCHA. 

Family  PORTUNIDJ2. 
Genus  SCYLLA  de  Haan,  1833. 

Scylla  costata,  new  species. 
(Plates  4  and  5;  Plate  6,  Figures  3  to  5.) 

Type  locality. — Lower  half  of  the  valley  of  the  Yaqui  del  Norte 
River,  in  the  northern  part  of  Santo  Domingo,  Haiti;  probably  lower 
Miocene;  W.  M.  Gabb,  collector. 

Holotype.— Male.    Cat.  No.  2267,  Mus.  Phila.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 

Measurements. — Length  of  carapace  (approx.)  82  mm.;  width  of 
carapace  128  mm.;  length  of  propodus  of  larger  cheliped,  above,  42 
mm.;  below  (approx.)  Ill  mm.;  height  of  same  41.3  mm. 

Description. — Regions  of  carapace  separated  by  very  shallow  depressions; 
no  evidence  of  transverse,  granulate  ridges;  the  outer  layer  of  shell  is  almost 
entirely  lacking.  The  margin  of  the  front  is  embedded  in  the  matrix.  Inner 
edge  of  orbit  raised,  marginate;  outer  tooth  large,  its  outer  margin  oblique  but 
almost  longitudinal.  The  antero-lateral  teeth  are  probably  9  and  are  alter- 
nately large  and  small,  at  least  the  sixth  and  the  eighth  are  small,  the  second 
and  the  fourth  are  not  visible.  The  teeth  are  curved  forward  at  the  end;  the 
third,  fifth,  seventh,  and  ninth  teeth  dim  nish  in  basal  width  in  the  order 
named. 

Chelipeds  very  strong,  unequal.  Three  spines  are  visible  on  the  inner  or 
anterior  margin  of  the  merus  beyond  the  edge  of  the  carapace;  the  most  distal 
one  is  strong,  conical,  sharp;  the  most  proximal  one  is  smaller  and  more 

1  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  vol.  1,  p.  630,  1758  (part). 

*  Myra  townsendi  Rathbun,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  vol.  16,  p.  255,  1893. 


TERTIARY  DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS.  171 

slender;  no  spine  visible  on  outer  or  posterior  margin,  but  there  is  a  transverse 
depression,  which  may  indicate  a  tooth  further  down,  in  the  matrix.  The 
carpus  is  short  and  squarish;  spine  not  visible.  The  propodus  has  a  very  con- 
vex lower  margin;  the  manus  is  costate,  having  3  blunt  costae  on  the  outer 
surface ;  the  middle  one  is  the  most  prominent,  straight,  and  directed  toward 
the  middle  of  the  interdigital  sinus,  but  stops  short  of  it;  the  upper  costa 
begins  at  the  tooth  at  the  articulation  with  the  carpus,  is  slightly  concave 
upward,  and  ends  in  a  distally  projecting  lobe  just  above  a  large  protuberance 
at  the  lateral  articulation  with  the  dactylus;  the  lower  costa  begins  proximally 
near  the  middle  costa,  from  which  it  gradually  diverges  and  fades  out  near  the 
middle  of  the  immovable  finger.  A  spine  on  inner  surface  near  distal  end,  at 
least  in  major  chela.  On  either  side  of  the  manus  at  its  articulation  with  the 
dactylus  there  is  a  large,  smooth,  rounded  protuberance,  which  is  bounded 
proximally  by  a  deep,  narrow  furrow;  below  this  protuberance  and  distal  to  it 
there  is,  on  the  outer  surface  at  least,  a  thick,  subacute  lobe,  overlapping  the 
dactylus.  The  prehensile  teeth  are  very  unequal,  smoothly  rounded,  dark- 
colored;  in  the  larger  chela  the  basal  tooth  of  the  dactylus  is  very  large  and 
directed  obliquely  backward,  and  the  fingers  gape  moderately. 

Only  the  basal  half  of  the  first  3  ambulatory  legs  is  present.  The 
sternum  and  abdomen  are  visible,  the  latter  being  oblong-triangular 
and  unusually  wide  for  a  male;  the  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  segments 
are  fused;  the  sixth  has  rapidly  converging  sides;  the  seventh  is  wider 
than  long. 

Paratype. — Portion  of  a  right  cheliped,  comprising  the  carpus, 
manus,  and  a  small  basal  piece  of  each  finger.  Cat.  No.  2258,  Mus. 
Phila.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 

Measurements. — Length  of  manus  above,  excluding  spine,  33  mm., 
length  at  middle  of  outer  surface  44  mm.,  height  of  manus  to  base  of 
superior  spine  34  mm. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  the  paratype: 

This  cheliped  shows  some  features  better  than  the  holotype.  The  carpus 
has  4  nearly  equal  sides ;  the  inner  spine  is  visible,  though  broken  off  near  its 
base;  also  a  cross-section  of  a  smaller  spine  at  the  distal  outer  angle  which  is 
broken  off  quite  at  the  base;  there  is  a  longitudinal  obtuse  ridge  on  the  proxi- 
mal half  of  the  segment  terminating  bluntly  not  far  from  the  middle;  if  con- 
tinued, it  would  cross  the  distal  upper  angle. 

The  manus  is  much  flattened  on  the  inside.  At  the  distal  end  of  the  inner 
upper  margin  there  is  a  spine  pointing  distad  and  a  little  upward  and  inward ; 
its  tip  is  broken  off.  Costae  of  outer  surface  much  lower  and  flatter  than  in 
the  holotype;  the  upper  costa  fades  out  altogether  proximally.  The  large 
lobe  at  the  articulation  with  the  dactylus  is  broken  away,  but  the  lobe  below 
it  is  large  and  projects  distally  well  over  the  dactylus.  On  the  inner  surface 
of  the  manus,  half-way  up  and  at  one-fifth  the  distance  behind  the  distal  end, 
there  is  a  slender  spine  (with  tip  broken  off)  pointing  inward  and  slightly 
distad.  A  similar  spine  has  been  partially  uncovered  on  the  major  chela  of 
the  holotype.  The  dactylus  has  one  large,  low,  dark-colored  molariform 
prehensile  tooth  at  its  base  (which  shows  that  the  cheliped  is  the  minor  one 
of  the  pair),  and  on  the  inner  side  a  small  crescentic,  blackish,  articulating 
knob.  The  corresponding  protuberance  on  the  manus  has  been  broken  off. 


172      GEOLOGY    AND    PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST   INDIES. 

Relationships. — This  species  differs,  it  will  be  seen,  from  typical 
Scylla  by  having  the  hands  costate.  One  sees  in  Scylla  serrata1  the 
vestige  of  a  costa  in  the  same  place  where  the  middle  costa  ends  distally 
in  S.  costata.  In  other  respects  this  is  a  true  Scylla,  as  shown  by  the 
smooth  carapace  with  9  lateral  teeth,  the  posterior  of  which  is  not 
elongate,  and  by  the  massive  chelipeds.  The  large  distal  protuber- 
ances on  the  outer  and  inner  surfaces  of  the  hand  are  similar  to  those 

of  serrata. 

Genus  PORTUNUS  Weber,  1795. 

Portunus  gabbi,  new  species. 
(Plate  3,  Figures  2  to  7;  Plate  6,  Figures  1  and  2.) 

Type  locality. — Lower  half  of  the  valley  of  the  Yaqui  del  Norte 
River,  in  the  northern  part  of  Santo  Domingo,  Haiti;  probably  lower 
Miocene;  W.  M.  Gabb,  collector. 

Holotype.— Female.    Cat.  No.  2256,  Mus.  Phila.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 

Measurements. — Length  of  carapace,  median,  45  mm.,  width  of 
carapace  in  front  of  lateral  spines  76  mm.,  width  between  outer  angles 
of  orbits  43  mm.,  length  of  manus  above,  26.3  mm.,  distal  height  of 
manus  22.2  mm. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

The  carapace  of  the  holotype  is  broken  in  the  middle,  whence  a  crack  extends 
to  the  left  margin  between  the  fourth  and  fifth  teeth;  the  large  lateral  spines  are 
both  broken  off  at  their  base.  Carapace  very  convex;  the  two  areoles  at  the 
inner  angle  of  the  branchial  region  are  strongly  marked.  The  granules,  which 
are  large  and  numerous  on  the  more  elevated  portions,  are  scanty  toward  the 
second  to  fifth  lateral  teeth,  inclusive,  and  along  the  postero-lateral  margins, 
and  are  very  small  and  flat  behind  the  front  and  on  the  intestinal  region.  The 
anterior  of  the  gastric  ridges  can  be  made  out  and  is  very  irregular,  the 
posterior  ridge  is  obscured  by  the  break.  The  four  frontal  teeth  are  sub- 
triangular,  blunt,  those  of  the  middle  pair  wider  than  those  of  the  outer  pair, 
and  definitely  more  advanced;  median  sinus  V-shaped,  lateral  sinuses  U-shaped. 
The  lateral  teeth  of  the  carapace  (to  be  seen  best  on  the  left  side)  appear 
conical  in  dorsal  view,  their  sides  being  straight;  tips  all  broken  off.  Base  of 
lateral  spine  granulate  and  lacking  an  axial  line  of  granules. 

The  right  chela  is  the  only  one  remaining;  its  manus  has  the  four  customary 
longitudinal  ridges  on  the  outer  surface,  but  these  are  so  broken  away  that 
one  can  not  tell  if  they  are  granulate;  the  distal  extremity  of  the  second  ridge 
(counting  from  the  top)  is  smooth  and  punctate.  The  development  of  the 
double  lobe  at  the  outer  articulation  with  the  dactylus  indicates  that  this  is 
the  larger  of  the  two  chelipeds.  The  fingers  are  covered  with  such  a  fine 
granulation  as  to  be  smooth  to  the  naked  eye,  and  have  a  triangular  gape 
between  them;  the  molariform  teeth  are  unequal  and  dark-colored;  the  end 
of  the  fixed  finger  has  the  same  dark  color;  the  terminal  fourth  of  the  dactylus 
is  missing. 

The  female  abdomen  is  very  broad,  as  in  adult  Portunus;  there  is  a  blunt  trans- 
verse ridge  on  the  middle  half  of  the  fourth  and  fifth  segments;  outlines  not 
well  shown,,  but  the  sides  of  the  sixth  segment  converge  gradually. 

1  See  Alcock,  Jour.  Asiat.  Soc.  Bengal,  vol.  68,  p.  27,  1899. 


TERTIARY    DECAPOD   CRUSTACEANS.  173 

Paratypes. — (a)  A  male  taken  at  the  type  locality,  much  larger  than  the 
holotype.  It  lacks  chelipeds.  The  lateral  teeth  of  the  carapace  are  narrower 
than  in  the  smaller  specimen,  their  sides  somewhat  concave.  A  curved 
transverse  line  of  granules  is  seen  on  the  branchial  regions  leading  toward  the 
lateral  spine.  Enough  of  the  abdomen  is  exposed  to  show  the  sex  and  generic 
relation.  Cat.  No.  2566,  Mus.  Phila.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 

(6)  A  right  chela,  also  from  the  type  locality;  the  fixed  finger  is  broken  off 
not  far  from  the  base,  the  dactylus  near  its  middle.  Resembles  in  shape  the 
chela  of  the  holotype,  but  is  much  larger,  having  a  maximum  height  of  32  mm. 
No  other  difference  is  apparent,  excepting  the  slightly  greater  height  of  the 
middle  intercostal  space  of  the  outer  surface.  The  lobe  at  the  distal  end  of 
this  space  is  broken  off.  Cat.  No.  2254,  Mus.  Phila.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 

Additional  material. — A  dactylus  of  left  cheliped,  from  the  Yaqui 
Valley  at  Cercado  de  Mao  (Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo;  lower  Miocene; 
C.  J.  Maury,  collector;  1916.  This  finger  is  of  much  smaller  size  (about 
16  mm.  long)  than  those  of  the  holotype  and  paratype  (b) ;  its  grooves 
are  more  strongly  marked,  the  deepest  grooves  being  one  on  the  upper 
half  of  the  outer  surface  and  one  on  the  lower  half  of  the  inner  surface; 
a  short,  shallow  groove  is  at  the  proximal  end  of  the  lower  half  of  the 
outer  surface.  (See  plate  3,  figs.  6  and  7.) 

Relationships. — Although  the  genus  Portunus  (  =  Neptunus  of 
authors)  is  represented  in  the  West  Indian  region  by  several  Recent 
species  of  moderate  size,  our  Tertiary  species  suggests  none  of  them, 
but  is  allied  to  the  large  Indo-Pacific  species.  It  resembles  especially 
P.  pelagicus1  in  the  configuration  of  the  carapace  and  the  shape 
of  the  female  chela  and  abdomen;  it  differs  from  pelagicus  in  lacking 
the  posterior  of  the  transverse  granulate  gastric  ridges,  in  the  chela 
not  being  quite  so  deep  at  the  base  of  the  fixed  finger,  and  in  the  sixth 
segment  of  the  abdomen  in  both  sexes  having  less  rapidly  convergent 
sides.  The  abdomen  of  the  male  in  gabbi  is  nearest  that  of  P.  trituber- 
culatus,2  the  sides  of  the  coalesced  (third  to  fifth)  segment  being  even 
less  convergent  than  in  that  species. 

While  the  fossil  species,  owing  to  its  wide  male  abdomen  and  feeble 
dorsal  ridges,  is  a  true  Portunus,  it  has  some  features  which  link  it 
with  the  genus  Callinectes;  e.  g.,  the  four  median  frontal  teeth  are 
related  to  those  of  C.  bocourti?  in  bocourti  the  outer  frontal  teeth  are 
larger  than  the  inner,  and  are  about  as  advanced  or  even  more  so; 
while  in  gabbi  the  inner  teeth  are  larger  and  more  advanced.  The 
lateral  teeth  also  resemble  those  of  bocourti  much  more  than  they  do 
any  of  the  Portunus  species. 

Portunus  tenuis,  new  species. 
(Plate  7,  Figure  7.) 

Type  locality.— The  Yaqui  Valley  at  Cercado  de  Mao  (Bluff  3), 
Santo  Domingo;  lower  Miocene;  C.  J.  Maury,  collector;  1916. 

1  Cancer  pelagicus  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.,  ed.  10,  vol.  1,  p.  626,  1758. 

8  Neptunus  trituberculatus  Miers,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  ser.  4,  vol.  17,  p.  221,  1876. 

8  A.  Milne-Edwards,  Crust.  Reg.  Mex.,  p.  226,  1879. 


174      GEOLOGY    AND    PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  WEST   INDIES. 

Material. — Two  immovable  fingers,  both  of  the  right  side.  The 
larger  is  holotype.  Cat.  No.  324478,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

Description. — Finger  slender,  except  at  the  base;  grooves  5,  2  outside,  2 
inside,  1  below;  all  are  deep  except  the  upper  one  on  the  outside;  intervening 
ridges  blunt,  with  a  narrow  longitudinal  strip  of  squamiform  granules  along 
the  middle.  Prehensile  teeth  uneven,  the  large  teeth  as  a  rule  alternating  with 
2  or  3  small  ones. 

Relationship. — This  finger  resembles  that  of  P.  spinicarpus,1  except  in 
shape,  as  in  the  latter  it  widens  regularly  from  the  tip  to  the  palmar 

end. 

Portunus,  indeterminable  species. 

Material. — Two  fingers  incomplete,  one  a  right  major  dactylus,  the 
other  larger  and  probably  also  a  dactylus;  if  so,  from  the  left  side. 
From  the  Yaqui  Valley  at  Cercado  d'e  Mao  (Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo; 
lower  Miocene;  C.  J.  Maury,  collector;  1916. 

Description. — The  right  finger  has  3  deep  grooves,  2  outside,  not  far  apart, 
and  1  inside;  in  addition  there  is  a  very  shallow  groove  just  above  the  teeth, 
both  inside  and  out. 

The  left  finger  has  the  same  number  of  grooves,  the  middle  one  of  the  outer 
surf  ace  fading  out  distally,  and  the  grooves  near  the  teeth  almost  imperceptible. 

In  both  fingers  there  is  a  line  of  punctse  but  no  furrow  on  the  upper  margin. 

Genus  CALLINECTES  Stimpson,  1860. 

Callinectes  declivis  Rathbun. 
(Plate  9,  Figures  1  and  2.) 

Callinectes  dediris  Rathbun,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  No.  103,  p.  162,  plate  66,  figs.  1-3,  1918. 
(Type  locality,  Miocene  of  Banana  River,  Costa  Rica;  type,  Cat.  No.  324262, 
U.  S.  N.  M.) 

Material. — Seven  fingers,  mostly  with  the  proximal  end  broken  off, 
as  follows:  2  right  dactyls,  2  left  dactyls,  2  right  immovable  fingers, 
1  left  immovable  finger.  From  the  Yaqui  Valley  at  Cercado  de  Mao 
(Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo;  lower  Miocene;  C.  J.  Maury,  collector;  1916. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  these  specimens : 

The  dactyli  have  a  deep  groove  above  the  middle  both  outside  and  inside 
and  a  shallower  groove  on  both  sides  a  little  way  from  the  teeth;  above  there 
is  an  impressed  line  of  numerous  punctse. 

The  holotype,  which  is  the  sole  type,  lacks  a  dactylus  and  its  pro- 
podal  finger  is  much  larger  than  any  of  the  Yaqui  specimens,  but 
allowing  for  size,  the  specimens  from  the  two  places  agree. 

Callinectes,  indeterminable  species. 

Material. — A  piece  of  a  left  dactylus  or  movable  finger,  with  both 
ends,  broken  off.  From  the  Yaqui  Valley  at  Cercado  de  Mao  (Bluff  3), 
Santo  Domingo;  lower  Miocene;  C.  J.  Maurv,  collector;  1916. 

1  Achelous  spinicarpus  Stimpson,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  vol..  2,  p.  148,  1871. 


TERTIARY    DECAPOD    CRUSTACEANS.  175 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

The  dactylus  has  the  characteristic  grooving  common  to  small  specimens 
of  most  of  the  Recent  species  of  Callinectes.  Further  than  the  genus  it  is 
impossible  to  identify  the  specimen.  The  grooves  are  as  follows:  3  outside, 
about  equally  spaced,  and  the  lowest  very  shallow;  1  above,  fading  out  dis- 
tally,  but  the  punctse  are  continued;  3  inside,  the  upper  groove  very  short, 
proximal,  the  middle  one  deep. 

Genus  PODOPHTHALMUS  Lamarck,  1801. 

Podophthalmus  domingensis,  new  species. 

(Plate  2,  Figures  7  and  8.) 

Type  locality. — Lower  half  of  the  valley  of  the  Yaqui  del  Norte 
River,  in  the  northern  part  of  Santo  Domingo,  Haiti;  probably  lower 
Miocene;  W.  M.  Gabb,  collector. 

Holotype.—C&i.  No.  2265,  Mus.  Phila.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 

Measurements. — Length  of  carapace  exclusive  of  rostrum  38.3  mm. ; 
length  including  rostrum  42.4  mm. ;  width  between  tips  of  outer  spines 
of  orbits  66  mm.;  width  between  tips  of  spines  at  middle  of  carapace 
72.2  mm. ;  approximate  length  of  propodus  of  cheliped  62  mm. ;  distal 
height  of  manus  exclusive  of  spine  24  mm. ;  length  of  dactylus  measured 
from  external  articulation  with  manus  40.2  mm. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Carapace  transversely  oblong,  armed  with  a  strong  spine  at  the  antero- 
lateral  angle  or  outer  angle  of  the  orbit  and  a  shorter  spine  at  the  lateral  angle 
of  the  carapace,  from  which  a  transverse  ridge  bearing  a  single  line  of  granules 
extends  inward  across  one-third  of  the  carapace;  a  blunt  transverse  ridge 
across  the  gastric  region,  and  a  rounded  elevation  on  the  inner  part  of  the 
branchial  region;  surface  granulate  except  near  the  posterior  and  postero- 
lateral  margins  and  a  narrow  strip  behind  the  anterior  margin  and  occupying 
half  the  width  of  the  carapace.  The  margins,  so  far  as  visible,  have  a  single 
line  of  granules;  the  anterior  margin,  exclusive  of  the  T-shaped  front  is  straight 
and  transverse  for  more  than  half  the  width  of  the  carapace;  it  then  curves 
rapidly  backward,  forming  a  deep  sinus  within  the  antero-lateral  spine  and  is 
interrupted  by  a  slight  notch  at  the  inner  end  of  the  sinus;  the  antero-lateral 
spine  projects  forward  and  very  little  outward  and  is  less  advanced  than  the 
anterior  margin;  the  lateral  spine  projects  obliquely  outward  and  forward;  the 
margin  between  the  spines  is  embedded  in  the  matrix.  Frontal  projection 
T-shaped,  limits  of  the  cross-piece  ill-defined.  The  long  eyes  characteristic 
of  the  genus  are  not  exposed  in  the  unique  specimen. 

Chelipeds  slightly  unequal.  Their  brevity  would  seem  to  indicate  that  the 
specimen  is  a  female.  The  distal  half  or  more  of  the  merus  is  lacking;  there 
appear  to  be  granules  on  the  margins  and  also  in  longitudinal  bands;  on  the 
anterior  or  inner  margin  there  is  an  erect  compressed  spine  which,  when  the 
merus  is  horizontally  placed,  is  situated  close  to  the  end  of  the  antero-lateral 
spine  of  the  carapace.  Of  the  carpus  only  the  long  inner  spine  shows  on  the 
left  side  (fig.  7) ;  it  is  transversely  placed  when  the  cheliped  is  flexed  and  is 
convex  above  with  the  point  turned  downward.  The  chelae  are  flattened 
externally  and  the  outer  shell,  so  far  as  preserved,  is  smooth,  excepting  on  the 
obliquely  longitudinal  ridge,  which  leads  from  the  distal  articulating  condyle, 
and  on  the  upper  margin  of  the  dactylus  and  the  lower  part  of  the  inner  sur- 


176      GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLOGY    OF   THE  WEST  INDIES. 

face  of  the  palm.  There  is  the  base  only  of  a  good-sized  spine  at  terminal  end 
of  upper  margin  of  manus.  On  the  outer  face  of  the  dactylus  at  the  articula- 
tion there  is  a  small,  black,  horny,  outstanding  knob.  Prehensile  edges  of 
fingers  furnished  with  very  unequal,  stout,  rounded  teeth  with  dark  brown, 
horny  caps.  Tips  of  fingers  acute. 

Relationships. — The  carapace  of  this  species  is  considerably  like  that 
of  P.  vigil  (Fabricius),1  which  to-day  inhabits  the  East  Indian  region 
and  is  found  also  in  the  post-Tertiary  of  Celebes,  but  in  the  latter  the 
anterior  margin  is  arched,  the  antero-lateral  spine  projects  strongly 
sideways,  and  the  chelae  are  not  externally  flattened.  The  smooth, 
flattened  fingers  of  P.  domingensis  are  suggestive  of  Euphylax  dovii? 
the  podophthalmid  which  inhabits  the  west  coast  of  tropical  America. 
I  have  placed  the  new  species  in  Podophthalmus  rather  than  in  Euphy- 
lax, by  reason  of  the  shape  and  distinct  areolation  of  the  carapace  and 
the  strong  lateral  spines. 

Family  XANTHID^E. 

Genus  ZANTHOPSIS  M'Coy,  1849. 

Zanthopsis  bartholomseensis,  new  species. 

(Plate  8,  Figure  3.) 

Material. — Represented  by  a  single  carapace,  the  margin  of  which 
is  largely  incomplete. 

Holotype.—Csit.  No.  166945,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

Type  locality. — St.  Bartholomew:  Orient  Point;  picked  up  at  base, 
but  probably  from  limestone  at  top,  of  the  section;  Eocene;  T.  W. 
Vaughan,  collector;  February  21,  1914;  6915;  L.  I.  72  (c)  (1914). 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

Carapace  approximately  one-fifth  wider  than  long,  posterior  half  fairly 
level,  anterior  half  curving  strongly  downward  toward  the  front  and  antero- 
lateral  margins.  Mesogastric,  protogastric,  and  cardiac  regions  well  delimited. 
The  mesogastric  region  becomes  suddenly  wide  behind  the  narrow  anterior 
part;  this  broad  posterior  pentagonal  portion  is  elevated  and  smoothly 
rounded;  on  each  protogastric  region  there  is  a  pair  of  tubercles  forming  a 
transverse  line  of  4;  in  front  of  the  inner  tubercle  of  each  pair,  but  a  little 
further  from  the  median  line,  there  is  another  tubercle;  the  cardiac  region  is 
covered  by  an  elevation  smaller  than  that  on  the  mesogastric  region  but 
similar,  that  is,  its  anterior  slope  is  shorter  and  steeper  than  its  posterior. 
The  most  conspicuous  elevation  is  that  on  the  branchial  region  at  the  widest 
part  of  the  carapace;  it  consists  of  two  large  transverse  tubercles  placed  one 
directly  behind  the  other,  or  rather  resembles  a  single  elevation  deeply 
bisected  transversely;  there  is  a  low  swelling  on  the  branchial  region  opposite 
the  gastro-cardiac  suture.  So  far  as  can  be  made  out,  the  antero-lateral 
margin  is  unarmed.  Postero-lateral  margins  strongly  convergent.  Along 
these  margins  just  behind  the  lateral  angle  there  is  a  curved  row  of  3  upstand- 
ing tubercles;  further  back  there  is  a  lower,  smaller  tubercle,  and  between 
it  and  the  posterior  of  the  large  tubercles  there  is  still  another,  but  minute, 
tubercle. 

1  Portunus  vigil  Fabricius,  Entom.  Syst.,  Suppl.,  p.  363,  1798.     Podophthalmus  vigil  Leach,  Zool. 

Misc.,  vol.  2,  p.  149,  plate  118,  1815. 
J  Stimpson,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  vol.  7,  p.  226,  plate  5,  fig.  5,  1860. 


TERTIARY    DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS.  177 

The  width  across  front  and  orbits  is  about  two-fifths  of  the  entire  width  of 
the  carapace.  The  orbit  is  narrow,  about  one-third  as  wide  as  the  front  and 
is  probably  subcircular.  Only  the  upper  margin  of  the  left  orbit  remains  and 
its  characters  are  obscured  by  cracks  in  the  carapace.  Edge  of  front  lacking. 

Of  the  various  species  of  Zanthopsis  described,  this  one  most  resem- 
bles Z.  leachii  (Desmarest),1  which  also  is  very  uneven.  The  nodules, 
however,  are  very  differently  disposed  in  the  two  forms.  The  marginal 
tubercles  are  antero-lateral  in  leachii  and  postero-lateral  in  bartolo- 
mceensis. 

Genus  PILUMNUS  Leach,  1815. 

Pilumnus  subequus,  new  species. 

(Plate  9,  Figure  9.) 

Type  locality. — The  Yaqui  Valley  at  Cercado  de  Mao  (Bluff  3), 
Santo  Domingo;  lower  Miocene;  C.  J.  Maury,  collector;  1916. 

Material. — Dactylus  of  right  and  major  cheliped.  Cat.  No.  324484, 
U.  S.  N.  M. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

A  dactylus  of  small  size,  dark-colored,  stout,  strongly  curved,  with  about 
5  lines  of  punctse,  and  above  at  the  proximal  end  4  granules.  Prehensile  teeth 
few  (4  large  and  1  small),  shallow,  sub  triangular.  A  common  type  of  dactylus 
among  the  numerous  recent  species  of  Pilumnus;  the  basal  granules  or  spinules 
are,  however,  usually  more  numerous. 

ARCHJEOPILUMNUS,  new  genus. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  genus: 

Near  Pilumnus.2  Carapace  subquadrilateral,  the  penultimate  tooth  of  the 
side  margins  most  prominent;  surface  rough  and  deeply  sculptured,  posteriorly 
as  well  as  anteriorly.  Front  bilobed,  lobes  concave,  their  outer  angle  pro- 
duced but  not  dentiform.  Orbit  and  basal  antennal  segment  as  in  Pilumnus. 
Chelipeds  stout,  rough,  unequal;  fingers  elongate,  deflexed. 

This  genus  is  distinguished  from  Pilumnus  chiefly  by  the  fingers, 
which  are  long  instead  of  short  and  stout;  by  the  posterior  part  of  the 
carapace  being  deeply  sculptured,  which  is  usually  not  the  case  in 
Pilumnus;  and  by  the  outer  angle  of  the  front  not  being  separated  from 
the  remainder  of  the  front. 

Archaeopilumnus  caelatus,  new  species. 
(Plate  6,  Figures  6  and  7;  Plate  7,  Figures  10  to  13;  Plate  8,  Figures  4  to  7.) 

Type  locality.— Lower  half  of  the  valley  of  the  Yaqui  del  Norte 
River,  in  the  northern  part  of  Santo  Domingo,  Haiti;  probably  lower 
Miocene;  W.  M.  Gabb,  collector. 

Holotype.—Male.    Cat.  No.  2261,  Mus.  Phila.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 

Compare  fig.   1,  plate  1,  of  Bell's  Monograph  of  the  Fossil  Malacostracous  Crustacea  of  Great 

Britain,  part  1,  1857. 
'Leach,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  London,  vol.  11,  pp.  309  and  321,  1815.     Type,  P.  hirtellus  (Linnaeus, 

1761). 


178      GEOLOGY   AND   PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE    WEST   INDIES. 

Paratypes. — The  para  types  are  from  the  same  locality  as  the  holo- 
type:  a,  male,  Cat.  No.  2260;  b,  female,  Cat.  No.  2262;  c,  male,  and 
d,  female,  Cat.  No.  2263;  all  in  Mus.  Phila.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 

Measurements. — Length  of  carapace  of  holotype  on  median  line  34.3 
mm.,  width  of  carapace  45.2  mm.,  width  of  front  13.2  mm.,  width 
between  outer  angles  of  orbits  25.3  mm. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

The  regions  are  surrounded  by  deep  furrows  and  are  more  or  less  sub- 
divided. The  epigastric  lobes  are  separated  from  the  protogastric,  and  the 
crescentic  urogastric  lobe  from  the  mesogastric;  the  hepatic  lobe  is  separated 
from  the  dentate  lateral  border,  while  the  branchial  region  is  divided  into  an 
epibranchial  lobe,  which  incloses  the  penultimate  lateral  spine,  a  mesobran- 
chial  lobe,  which  is  divided  in  three,  and  a  metabranchial  lobe  which  is 
separated  partly  from  the  cardiac  region  by  a  sharp,  thumb-nail  impression, 
while  it  is  anteriorly  confluent  with  that  region  by  a  narrow  connecting  eleva- 
tion; cardiac  region  truncate  behind  and  longitudinally  grooved  in  its  anterior 
two-thirds;  the  elevation  occupying  the  intestinal  region  is  continued  laterally 
across  the  branchial  region;  the  frontal  region  is  separated  from  the  edge  of 
the  front  by  a  shallow  depression.  The  surface  of  the  carapace  is  rough, 
except  in  the  furrows  and  on  the  epigastric  lobes,  the  roughness  consisting  of 
(1)  subacute,  somewhat  imbricating,  white-tipped  tubercles,  most  evident 
on  the  sides  and  posterior  half,  and  (2)  a  mixture  of  blunter  tubercles  and 
erosions  on  the  middle  of  the  anterior  half.  Antero-lateral  teeth  5,  thick, 
subconical;  the  first  one,  at  the  outer  angle  of  the  orbit,  is  small,  little  advanced; 
first  interspace  the  greatest  of  all;  fourth  tooth  largest,  third  tooth  next  in 
size,  fourth  and  fifth  curved.  Above  the  posterior  margin  a  row  of  fine  bead 
granules.  The  marginal  lobes  of  the  front  are  bordered  by  12  or  13  granules, 
the  lobes  are  more  advanced  at  the  inner  angles,  the  outer  angles  are  slightly 
advanced,  but  not  isolated,  intermediate  space  concave,  median  sinus 
V-shaped.  Margin  of  orbit  granulate,  upper  margin  raised,  edge  biemar- 
ginate,  the  notches  continued  backward  in  a  furrow;  a  larger  notch  below  the 
outer  angle;  lower  margin  more  advanced  than  upper, furnished  with  2  stout, 
granulated  teeth,  one  of  which  is  within  the  outer  angle  and  the  other  at  the 
inner  angle,  next  to  the  antennal  segment.  This  segment  touches  with  its 
outer  angle  the  bent-down  edge  of  the  front;  it  has  a  longitudinal  granulated 
ridge.  A  piece  of  the  eyestalk  shows  a  few  small  granules  above  at  the  base. 

The  chelipeds  are  unequal,  the  smaller  palm  about  four-fifths  as  high  as  the 
larger.  Merus  very  broadly  triangulate,  not  much  longer  than  the  distal 
width,  outer  surface  sparsely  covered  with  sharp  granules  and  tubercles; 
upper  margin  with  3  spines,  the  distal  one  much  the  largest.  Carpus  rough 
with  short  spines;  the  spine  at  the  inner  angle  is  large  and  bears  a  spinule  on 
its  posterior  margin.  Manus  armed  with  spines  on  the  outer  surface  except 
near  the  fingers,  the  spines  arranged  mostly  in  6  or  7  irregular  rows.  The 
lower  edge  of  the  propodus  is  sinuous,  the  distal  half  of  the  finger  being 
strongly  deflexed;  the  dactylus  is  longer  than  the  upper  margin  of  the  palm; 
fingers  with  a  few  irregular  teeth,  a  large  tooth  at  the  base  of  the  dactyl  in 
the  larger  chela;  fingers  not  gaping;  dactylus  spinulous  on  the  basal  third  of 
its  upper  margin;  the  dark  color  extends  the  full  length  of  the  prehensile 
edges,  but  elsewhere  in  the  larger  chela  it  spreads  over  all  but  the  very  base  of 
the  dactylus,  in  the  smaller  chela  not  so  far;  on  the  fixed  finger  the  color 
extends  about  three-fifths  the  length  on  the  lower  edge.  The  anterior  surface 
of  the  merus  of  the  ambulatory  legs  and  the  posterior  surface  of  the  last  leg 
are  granulate,  the  upper  margin  spinous;  remaining  joints  of  legs  not  visible. 


TERTIARY  DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS.  179 

Abdomen  (male)  subtriangular,  7  segments  separate,  diminishing  suc- 
cessively in  width  from  the  third  to  the  seventh;  fifth  segment  longest,  seventh 
triangular. 

Females:  In  the  female  the  cheliped  (only  one  is  present)  is  smaller,  the 
propodus  and  dactylus  more  spinous,  the  fixed  finger  more  horizontal.  In 
the  male,  the  spines  and  tubercles  of  the  manus  disappear  toward  the  lower 
margin,  in  the  female  they  become  more  numerous  but  smaller.  In  the 
female  there  is  not  only  a  row  of  spines  on  the  upper  margin  of  the  dactylus, 
but  a  row  of  tubercles  or  granules  on  the  outer  surface. 

Abdomen  of  female  oblong-oval,  second  segment  narrower  than  first  and 
third,  sixth  segment  longer  than  fifth,  seventh  longer  than  sixth. 

Variations. — In  comparing  the  5  specimens  at  hand  the  areoles  of 
the  carapace  appear  more  sharply  cut  in  the  small  specimens  than  in 

the  large  ones. 

Genus  PANOPEUS  Milne-Edwards,  1834. 

Panopeus,  indeterminable  species. 

Material. — Distal  end  of  the  right  immovable  finger.  From  the 
Yaqui  Valley  at  Cercado  de  Mao  (Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo;  lower 
Miocene;  C.  J.  Maury,  collector;  1916. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  specimen: 

This  fragment  might  belong  to  any  one  of  3  common  Recent  species,  viz, 
P.  americanus,1  occidentalism  or  herbstii.3  There  is  a  deep  groove  on  either 
side  not  far  above  the  lower  margin,  the  grooves  ending  at  the  sinus  above 
the  terminal  tooth;  below  there  are  2  shallow  grooves;  not  far  from  the  pre- 
hensile teeth  there  is  on  either  side  a  row  of  deep  punctse.  Teeth  unequal, 
only  10  preserved,  and  in  general  alternating  large  and  small. 

Genus  and  species  indeterminable. 

Material. — Distal  end  of  a  dactylus  or  movable  finger.  From  the 
Yaqui  Valley  at  Cercado  de  Mao  (Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo;  lower 
Miocene;  C.  J.  Maury,  collector;  1916. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  specimen : 

The  fragment  is  not  bent  sideways,  so  that  it  is  not  clear  whether  it  is  a 
right  or  left  finger;  it  is  bent  strongly  downward  toward  the  blunt,  distal  end, 
has  no  grooves,  but  a  few  punctae  arranged  in  lines;  occupying  less  than  half 
of  the  prehensile  edge,  at  its  proximal  end  are  4  tuberculiform  teeth  (2  large, 
2  small,  alternating)  which  are  situated  one  side  of  the  middle. 

Family  OCYPODID^. 
SANDOMINGIA,  new  genus. 
The  following  is  a  description  of  this  genus: 

Carapace  wide,  wider  at  the  antero-lateral  than  at  the  postero-lateral 
angles;  anterior  margin  moderately  arcuate,  emarginate  at  the  outer  fourth. 
Front  a  narrow  lobe,  less  than  one-twelfth  as  wide  as  carapace.  A  lateral 
tooth  behind  the  orbital  tooth. 

1  Saussure,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  ser.  2,  vol.  9,  p.  502,  1857. 

2  Saussure,  loc.  cit. 

*  Milne-Edwards,  Hist.  Nat.  Crust.,  vol.  1,  p.  403,  1834. 


180      GEOLOGY   AND    PALEONTOLOGY   OF   THE   WEST    INDIES. 

Orbits  long,  shallow  trenches,  extending  the  whole  width  of  the  carapace 
except  for  the  front,  and  bordered  above  except  for  the  outer  third  by  a  narrow 
surface  of  varying  depth,  similar  to  that  in  Uca  ( =  Gelasimus) . 

Sandomingia  seems  to  be  nearest  Uca  Leach,1  the  genus  of  fiddler 
crabs.  Uca  has  the  same  shape  of  carapace,  with  similar  depressions, 
orbits  occupying  nearly  the  whole  width  of  carapace,  with  a  thickened, 
bimarginate  upper  edge.  On  the  other  hand,  in  Sandomingia  the 
antero-lateral  angle  is  bidentate,  there  is  a  definite  notch  in  the  upper 
margin  of  the  orbit,  the  orbit  is  very  shallow,  and  the  chelipeds  are 
large  and  equal. 

The  equality  in  the  chelipeds  suggests  the  possibility  of  this  crab 
being  a  portunid  allied  to  the  long-eyed  forms,  Podophthalmus  and 
Euphylax,  but  the  latter  have  the  orbits  deeply  hollowed  at  the  outer 
ends  to  hold  the  cornese  and  lack  the  facet-like  upper  margin  of  the 

orbit. 

Sandomingia  yaquiensis,  new  species. 

(Plate  8,  Figures  1  and  2.) 

Type  locality. — Lower  half  of  the  valley  of  the  Yaqui  del  Norte 
River,  in  the  northern  part  of  Santo  Domingo,  Haiti;  probably  lower 
Miocene;  W.  M.  Gabb,  collector;  1  specimen. 

Holotype.—C&t.  No.  2257,  Mus.  Phila.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 

Measurements. — Length  of  carapace,  exclusive  of  rostral  lobe,  23 
mm.,  width  of  carapace  at  antero-lateral  angles  (approximate,  because 
tips  of  teeth  are  broken  off)  42  mm.,  width  of  frontal  lobe  at  base  3  mm. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Carapace  flat  in  the  middle,  sloping  rapidly  down  to  the  anterior  and  lateral 
margins;  surface  smooth  and  a  little  uneven;  a  shallow  furrow  defines  the 
gastric  region.  Anterior  margin  finely  granulate,  granules  not  in  a  single 
row;  lower  edge  of  flat  supraorbital  space  or  " eyebrow"  having  a  single  row 
of  granules;  "eyebrow"  very  narrow,  height  about  one-fifteenth  of  its  length 
in  a  transverse  direction,  inner  end  at  base  of  frontal  lobe.  Surface  of  orbit 
smooth  and  shallow.  Antero-lateral  tooth  an  equilateral  triangle;  it  and  the 
tooth  behind  it  are  separated  by  a  U-shaped  interspace  and  project  about 
equally  sideways;  the  tips  are  broken  off,  so  that  it  is  impossible  to  tell  exactly 
about  this. 

Chelipeds  equal;  only  a  portion  of  the  merus  or  arm-joint  of  each  is  visible; 
it  is  stout,  triangular  in  cross-section,  upper  surface  concave  and  smooth, 
posterior  and  inferior  margins  blunt  and  granulate,  anterior  margin  subacute 
and  furnished  with  tubercles  of  varying  size  arranged  in  two  irregular  rows. 

Superfamily  OXYRHYNCHA. 

Family  PARTHENOPIDJE. 

Genus  PARTHENOPE  Weber,  1795. 

Parthenope  (Platylambrus)  obscura,  new  species. 

(Plate  7,  Figures  5  .and  6.) 

Type  locality. — The  Yaqui  Valley  at  Cercado  de  Mao  (Bluff  3); 
Santo  Domingo;  lower  Miocene;  C.  J.  Maury,  collector;  1916. 

1  Edinb.  Encyc.,  vol.  7,  p.  430,  1814. 


TERTIARY  DECAPOD  CRUSTACEANS.  181 

Material. — Dactylus  of  right  cheliped,  holotype.  Cat.  No.  324487, 
U.  S.  N.  M. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species: 

The  distal  portion  of  the  dactylus  is  lacking.  The  proximal  end  of  the  upper 
surface  is  broad  and  flat  and  inclosed  by  5  irregular  granulated  knobs;  sides 
compressed,  in  the  middle  slightly  concave,  and  unevenly  granulate,  granules 
most  numerous  on  the  inner  surface.  Prehensile  teeth  very  low  and  flat,  the 
proximal  tooth  more  than  twice  as  large  as  the  next  one. 

Relationships. — In  its  general  characters  resembles  the  dactylus  of 
the  recent  P.  (Platylambrus)  serrata  (Milne-Edwards),1  which  has  a 
shorter  finger,  prominences  at  proximal  end  above  more  spiniform, 
sides  not  concave. 

Parthenope,  indeterminable  species. 
(Plate  7,  Figures  8  and  9.) 

Material. — Dactylus  of  right  cheliped,  from  the  Yaqui  Valley  at 
Cercado  de  Mao  (Bluff  3),  Santo  Domingo;  lower  Miocene;  C.  J. 
Maury,  collector;  1916. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

Resembles  the  preceding,  but  less  curved  and  more  slender,  sides  flat  but 
not  concave,  outer  side  more  granulate  than  inner,  and  having  an  uneven, 
longitudinal  line  of  coarse  granules  not  far  above  the  fingers  on  the  proximal 
half;  upper  surface  flattened  along  the  proximal  half,  and  bordered  by  stout 
spines  and  spinules;  one  of  these  spines  projects  outward  above  the  condyle 
articulating  with  the  palm  on  the  outer  side,  and  is  seen  at  the  top  of  figure  8 
at  the  left-hand  end;  the  condyle  is  broken  off  and  shows  in  cross-section; 
prehensile  tubercles  10,  the  proximal  pair  confluent;  tuberous  low  but  better 
developed  than  in  the  preceding  species.  Upper  part  of  distal  end  of  finger 
missing. 

Genus  MESORHCEA  Stimpson,  1871. 

Mesorhcea  mauryse,  new  species. 
(Plate  7,  Figures  1  to  4.) 

Type  locality.— -The  Yaqui  Valley  at  Cercado  de  Mao  (Bluff  3), 
Santo  Domingo;  lower  Miocene;  C.  J.  Maury,  collector;  1916. 

Material. — Two  specimens,  a  right  manus  with  propodal  finger 
attached  (holotype)  and  a  right  manus  of  smaller  size,  without  fingers 
but  with  carpus  attached  (paratype).  Cat.  No.  324489,  U.  S.  N.  M. 

Measurements. — Length  of  holotype  on  outer  margin,  this  being  the 
most  complete,  8  mm. ;  greatest  height,  measured  on  inner  surface, 
4  mm. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  this  species : 

The  holotype  has  8  teeth  on  the  upper  margin,  13  on  the  outer  and  10  on 
the  inner  margin;  teeth  of  outer  and  inner  margins  short,  those  of  the  outer 
margin  the  smallest,  those  of  the  inner  margin  intermediate  in  size.  The 
inner  surface  widens  greatly  from  the  proximal  to  the  distal  end,  lower  surface 

1  Lambrus  serratus  Milne-Edwards,  Hist.  Nat.  Crust.,  vol.  1,  p.  357,  1834. 


182      GEOLOGY    AND    PALEONTOLOGY    OF   THE    WEST  INDIES. 


of  equal  width  throughout,  outer  surface  a  little  wider  in  middle  third  than 
toward  ends. 

Propodal  finger  short,  slender,  directed  strongly  inward  and  distad  but 
scarcely  downward.  It  does  not,  however,  reach  distad  beyond  the  line  of 
the  upper  margin  of  the  palm. 

The  carpus  has  5  low  ridges  which  are  finely  tuberculate  or  granulate. 

Relationship. — These  short  hands — short  for  the  family  Partheno- 
pidae — belong  without  doubt  to  the  genus  Mesorhcea,  having  consider- 
able resemblance  to  the  Recent  species,  M .  sexspinosa  Stimpson,1  of  the 
Florida  Keys  and  West  Indies.  In  the  latter  the  palms  are  a  little 
longer  and  slenderer  and  the  inner  and  outer  surfaces  are  concave. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  WEST  INDIAN  TERTIARY  DECAPODA. 

1866.  GUPPY,  R.  J.  LECHMERE.  On  the  relations  of  the  Tertiary  formations  of  the  West  Indies; 
with  a  note  on  a  new  species  of  Ranina,  by  Henry  Woodward,  Esq.,  F.  G.  S.;  and  on 
the  Orbitoides  and  Nummulinae,  by  Prof.  T.  Rupert  Jones,  F.  G.  S.  Quart.  Jour. 
Geol.  Soc.  London,  vol.  22,  pp.  570-592,  plate  26,  3  text-figures. 

Name  only,  Ranina  porifera,  listed  by  Guppy  on  p.  572;  locality  indicated  (p.  571) 
as  San  Fernando  beds,  "lower  Miocene,"  Trinidad,  in  "irregular  dark-blue  limestone, 
containing  numerous  fossils  generally  converted  into  calcspar,  or  replaced  by  semi- 
liquid  asphalt." 

1866.  WOODWARD,  HENRY.  (See  above  under  Guppy.)  Note  on  a  new  species  of  Ranina  (R. 
porifera)  from  the  Tertiary  strata  of  Trinidad.  Quart.  Jour.  Geol.  Soc.  London, 
vol.  22,  pp.  591-592,  plate  26,  fig.  18. 

List  of  the  known  species  of  Ranina  (p.  591).  Description  of  R.  porifera  (p.  592)  and 
figure  on  plate  26,  fig.  18. 

1909.  GUPPY,  R.  J.  LECHMERE.  Preliminary  notice  of  a  discovery  of  fossils  in  the  Tamana  Dis- 
trict, Trinidad.  Bull.  Agric.  Dept.  Trinidad,  pp.  5-6,  1  plate. 

Describes  the  new  species,  Ranina  cuspidata,  and  gives  one  figure  (fig.  1)  on  the 
plate.  From  Tamana  beds,  "lower  Miocene,"  Trinidad. 

1911.  GUPPY,  R.  J.  LECHMERE.  On  a  collection  of  fossils  from  Springvale,  near  Couva,  Trini- 
dad. Papers  Agric.  Soc.  Trinidad  and  Tobago,  No.  440,  laid  before  the  Society 
Dec.  20,  1910,  pp.  1-15. 

Ranina  caspidata  listed  (p.  14),  with  a  reference  to  its  original  description. 

>Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  vol.  2,  136,  1871. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  PLATES. 
PLATE  1. 

FIGS.  1  to  7.  Callianassa  anguillensis,  n.  sp.  FIGS.  8  to  13.  Callianassa  pellucida,  n.  sp. 

1.  Holotype,  outer  side  of  right  manus  8.  Paratype    (6),    outer    side    of    right 

X  1.4.  manus,  X  2.8. 

2.  Paratype    (a),    inner    side    of    right  9.  Paratype    (a),    outer    side    of    right 

manus,  X  1.4.  manus,  X  2.8. 

3.  Paratype    (a),    outer    side    of    right  10.  Paratype    (a),    distal   view   of   right 

manus,  X  1.4.  manus,  X  5. 

4.  Holotype,  upper  edge  of  right  manus,  11.  Paratype    (a),    lower   edge   of    right 

X  1.4.  manus,  X  2.8. 

5.  Paratype  (d),  outer  side  of  left  manus,  12.  Holotype,  upper  view  of  left  movable 

X  1.4.  finger  (tip  broken  off),  X  2.8. 

6.  Paratype  (6),  finger,  X  1.4.  13.  Holotype,  outer  and  slightly  ventral 

7.  Paratype    (a),    lower   edge   of   right  view   of   left   movable   finger,    X 

manus,  X  1.4.  2.5. 

PLATE  2. 

FIGS.  1  to  6.  Callianassa  miocenica,  n.  sp.  FIG.    5.  Holotype,  distal  end  of  left  manus, 

1.  Holotype,  outer  side  of  left  manus,  X  1.8. 

X  1.9.  6.  Holotype,  upper  edge  of  left  manus, 

2.  Holotype,  proximal  end  of  left  manus,  X  1.9. 

X  1.9.  7,  8.  Podophthalmns  domingensis,  n.  sp. 

3.  Holotype,  inner  side  of  left  manus,  7.  Holotype,  dorsal  view,  nat.  size. 

X  1.9.  8.  Holotype,  anterior  view,  nat.  size. 

4.  Holotype,  lower  edge  of  left  manus, 

X  1.9. 

PLATE  3. 

FIG.    1.  Lyreidus  fastigatus,  n.  sp.     Holotype,  FIG.    4.  Paratype  (a),  cT,  dorsal  view,  slightly 

dorsal  view  of  carpus  of  left  cheliped,  reduced. 

X  3.  5.  Paratype  (6),  outer  view,  slightly  re- 

2  to  7.  Portunus  gabbi,  n.  sp.  duced. 

2.  Holotype,    9,  ventral  view,  slightly  6.  Dactylus  of  left   chela,  inner  view, 

reduced.  X  2. 

3.  Holotype,    9 ,   dorsal    view,    slightly  7.  Same,  outer  view,  X  2. 

reduced. 

PLATE  4. 

Scylla  costata,  n.  sp. 

FIG.    1.  Holotype,  cf,  dorsal  view,  X  0.85.  FIG.    2.  Holotype,  <f,  anterior  view,  X  0.85. 

PLATE  5. 

Scylla  costata,  n.  sp. 

FIG.    1.  Holotype,  d\  ventral  view,  X  0.87.  FIG.    2.  Holotype,  d",  posterior  view,  X  0.87. 

PLATE  6. 

FIGS.  1,  2.  Portunus  gabbi,  n.  sp.  FIG.    4.  Paratype,  inner  view  of  cheliped,  nat. 

1.  Paratype  (a),  a",  part  of  ventral  view,  size. 

nat.  size.  5.  Paratype,  outer  view  of  cheliped,  nat. 

2.  Holotype,    9 ,  anterior  view,  slightly  size. 

reduced.  6,  7.  ArchceopUumnus  ccelatus,  n.  sp. 

3  to  5.  Scylla  costata,  n.  sp.  6.  Paratype  (6),  9,  ventral  view,  X  1.33. 

3.  Paratype,  dorsal  view  of  cheliped,  nat.  7.  Paratype  (6),  9,  dorsal  view,  X  1.33. 

size. 

183 


184 


DESCRIPTION  OF  PLATES. 


PLATE  7. 


FIGS.  1  to  4.  Mesorh&a  mauryce,  n.  sp. 

1.  Holotype,   propodus    of  right  chela, 

outer  view,  X  3.75. 

2.  Same,  inner  view,  X  3.5. 

3.  Paratype,    carpus    and  propodus   of 

right  cheliped,  outer  view,  X  3.75. 

4.  Same,  upper  view.  X  3.75. 

5.  6.  Parthenope  (Platylambrus)  obscura, 

n.  sp. 

5.  Holotype,   dactylus    of    right    chela, 

inner  view,  X  3. 

6.  Same,  outer  view,  X  3. 


FIG. 


7.  Portunus  tennis,  n.  sp.,  holotype,  im- 

movable   finger     of    right    chela, 
outer  view,  X  3. 

8,  9.  Parthenope,  sp.  indet. 

8.  Dactylus  of  right  chela,    outer   view, 

X  3.5. 

9.  Same,  inner  view,  X  3.5. 

10  to  13.  Archceopilumnus  caelatus,  n.  sp. 

10.  Paratype  (6),  9,  anterior  view,  X1.4. 

11.  Holotype,  d"1,  ventral  view,    X  1.33. 

12.  Holotype,  cT,  dorsal  view,  X  1.33. 

13.  Holotype,  cf ,  anterior  view,  X  1.33. 


PLATE  8. 

FIGS.  1,  2.  Sandomingia    yaquiensis,    n.    sp.,       FIGS.  4  to  7.  Archceopilumnus  ccdatus,  n.  sp. 


holotype. 

1.  Dorsal  view,  slightly  enlarged. 

2.  Anterior  view,  nat.  size. 

3.  Zanthopsis     bartolomceensis,     n. 

holotype,  dorsal  view,  X  1.4. 


sp. 


4.  Paratype  (c),  d",  dorsal  view,  X  1.33. 

5.  Paratype  (c),  cf,  ventral  view,  X  1-4. 

6.  Paratype  (a),  cf,  dorsal  view,  X  1.37. 

7.  Paratype  (d),  9 .ventral  view,  X  1.4. 


PLATE  9. 


FIGS.  1,  2.  Callinectes  declivis  Rathbun. 

1.  Dactylus  of  right  chela,  inner  view, 

X  2. 

2.  Same,  outer  view,  X  2. 

3.  Cragonidse,  gen.  and    sp.  indet.,  tel- 

son,  dorsal  view,  X  3.1. 

4.  Eryonidffl,  gen.  and  sp.  indet.,  ischium 

of  first  right  cheliped,  upper  view, 
X3. 

5.  Persephona  prepunctata,  n.  sp.,  holo- 

type, merus  of  right  cheliped,  upper 
view,  X  3. 

6.  7.  Paguridse,  gen.  and  sp.  indet. 

6.  Dactylus  of  left  chela,  upper  side,  X  3. 

7.  Same,  lower  side,  X  3. 

8.  Cycloes  bairdii  Stimpson,  piece  of  left 

manus  with  propodal  finger,  outer 
view,  X  4. 


FIG.    9.  Pilumnus  subequus,  n.  sp.,  holotype, 
dactylus  of  right  chela,  outer  view, 
X  5. 
10,  11.  Callianassa  latidigita,  n.  sp. 

10.  Paratype,    dactylus    of    left     chela, 

upper  side,  X  4. 

11.  Same,  holotype,  propodal  finger  of  left 

chela,  upper  side,  X  4. 

12.  Calappella    (?),    sp.,    piece    of    right 

manus,  outer  side,  X  3. 
13  to  15.  Petrochirus  inequalis,  n.  sp. 

13.  H)lotype,    right  chela,    outer  view, 

X1.5. 

14.  Same,  showing  dorsal   view  of  both 

chelae,  X  1.5. 

15.  Same,  ventral  view  (fingers  pointing  to 

bottom  of  plate),  X  1.5. 


RATHBUN 


PLATE  1 


.•;i^ 


11 


12 


13 


RATHBUN 


PLATE  2 


-— r 


2 

-V 


RATHBUN 


PLATE  3 


RATHBUN 


PLATE  4 


RATHBUN 


PLATE  5 


RATHBUN 


PLATE  6 


RATHBUN 


PLATE  7 


RATHBUN 


PLATE 


RATHBUN 


PLATE  9 


14  DAY  USE 


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Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 


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